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A simplified packaging process was successfully developed for a wafer-level light emitting diode (WL-LED) chip aiming at very-high power solid-state lighting (SSL) applications. Compared with the traditional chip-on-board (COB) te...
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A simplified packaging process was successfully developed for a wafer-level light emitting diode (WL-LED) chip aiming at very-high power solid-state lighting (SSL) applications. Compared with the traditional chip-on-board (COB) technology, WL-LED chip not only greatly simplifies the packaging process but also enables the lighting source more compact. The fabricated blue WL-LED SSL source with a record-high light output power of 305 W exhibits % wall plug efficiency at an input electrical power of 1026 W.
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The application of high pressure favors many chemical processes, providing higher yields or improved rates in chemical reactions and improved solvent power in separation processes, and allowing activation barriers to be overcome t...
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The application of high pressure favors many chemical processes, providing higher yields or improved rates in chemical reactions and improved solvent power in separation processes, and allowing activation barriers to be overcome through the increase in molecular energy and molecular collision rates. High pressures-up to millions of bars using diamond anvil cells-can be achieved in the laboratory, and lead to many new routes for chemical synthesis and the synthesis of new materials with desirable thermodynamic, transport, and electronic properties. On the industrial scale, however, high-pressure processing is currently limited by the cost of compression and by materials limitations, so that few industrial processes are carried out at pressures above 25 MPa. An alternative approach to high-pressure processing is proposed here, in which very high local pressures are generated using the surface-driven interactions from a solid substrate. Recent experiments and molecular simulations show that such interactions can lead to local pressures as high as tens of thousands of bars (1 bar = 1 x 10(5) Pa), and even millions of bars in some cases. Since the active high-pressure processing zone is inhomogeneous, the pressure is different in different directions. In many cases, it is the pressure in the direction parallel to the surface of the substrate (the tangential pressure) that is most greatly enhanced. This pressure is exerted on the molecules to be processed, but not on the solid substrate or the containing vessel. Current knowledge of such pressure enhancement is reviewed, and the possibility of an alternative route to high-pressure processing based on surface-driven forces is discussed. Such surface-driven high-pressure processing would have the advantage of achieving much higher pressures than are possible with traditional bulk-phase processing, since it eliminates the need for mechanical compression. Moreover, no increased pressure is exerted on the containing vessel for the process, thus eliminating concerns about materials failure. (C) 2018 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier LTD on behalf of Chinese Academy of Engineering and Higher Education Press Limited Company.
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Loss of vestibular information from one labyrinth results in a marked asymmetry in the horizontal vestibuloocular reflex (VOR). The results of prior studies suggest that long-term deficits in VOR are more severe in response to rap...
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Loss of vestibular information from one labyrinth results in a marked asymmetry in the horizontal vestibuloocular reflex (VOR). The results of prior studies suggest that long-term deficits in VOR are more severe in response to rapid impulses than to sinusoidal head movements. The goal of the present study was to investigate the VOR following unilateral labyrinthectomy in response to different stimuli covering the full range of physiologically relevant head movements in macaque monkeys. The VOR was studied 1–39 days post-lesion using transient head perturbations (up to 12,000°/s2), rapid rotations (up to 500°/s), and sinusoidal rotations (up to 15 Hz). In response to rotations with high acceleration or velocity, both contra- and ipsilesional gains remained subnormal. VOR gains decreased as a function of increasing stimulus acceleration or velocity, reaching minimal values of 0.7–0.8 and 0.3–0.4 for contra and ipsilesional rotations, respectively. For sinusoidal rotations with low frequencies and velocities, responses to contralesional stimulation recovered within ∼ 4 days. With increasing velocities and frequencies of rotation, however, the gains of contra- and ipsilesional responses remained subnormal. For each of the most challenging stimuli tested (i.e., 12,000°/s2 transient head perturbations, 500°/s fast whole-body rotations and 15 Hz stimulation) no significant compensation was observed in contra- or ipsilesional responses over time. Moreover, we found that gain of the cervico-ocular reflex (COR) remained negligible following unilateral loss indicating that neck reflexes did not contribute to the observed compensation. VOR responses elicited by both sinusoidal and transient rotations following unilateral labyrinthectomy could be described by the same mathematical model. We conclude that the compensated VOR has comparable response dynamics for impulses and sinusoidal head movements.
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This paper presents high temperature quasi-static and dynamic tensile testing. Samples are heated by an induction system controlled with a pyrometer. A high-speed camera (500 fps) is used to determine displacement fields with a di...
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This paper presents high temperature quasi-static and dynamic tensile testing. Samples are heated by an induction system controlled with a pyrometer. A high-speed camera (500 fps) is used to determine displacement fields with a digital image correlation software. For such tests a specific marking procedure of the sample is applied. This method is used to characterize the mechanical behaviour of a C68 high-carbon steel at temperatures up to 720 ?C. Stress-strain curves are given from room temperature up to 720 ?C at strain rates ranging from 400 /s to 4 × 10~2 /s.
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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine whether different types of carbohydrate diets with or without exercise changes energy metabolism at rest and during exercise. [Methods] To minimize differences in food and energ...
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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine whether different types of carbohydrate diets with or without exercise changes energy metabolism at rest and during exercise. [Methods] To minimize differences in food and energy intake between experimental groups, mice were pairfed. After 1 week of adaptation, 40 male ICR mice (6 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups: Sta. (high fat + high starch), Scu. (high fat + high sucrose), StaEX. (high fat + high starch + exercise), and SucEX. (high fat + high sucrose + exercise). StaEX. and ScuEX. groups underwent training by running on a treadmill five times a week. After 10 weeks of training, energy metabolism was measured for 24 h and during a 1 h exercise period. [Results] The final body weight showed no significant difference between the groups. However, the weight of abdominal tissues (epididymal, perirenal, and mesenteric adipose tissue) in training groups was markedly decreased following 10 weeks of training. Results of all energy metabolism (24 h at rest and during 1 h of exercise) showed no significant interactions between diet and exercise. A brief summary of the results of the energy metabolism is that the metabolism related indicators over 24 h were more affected by the dietary pattern than the exercise but during the 1 h of exercise, training had more effect on energy metabolism than diet. [Conclusion] Our findings confirm that: (a) the type of carbohydrates included in the diet influence the metabolic responses over 24 h, (b) training had more effect on energy metabolism than diet during 1 h of exercise, (c) both results; abdominal adipose tissue weight and fat oxidation during exercise are suggestive for a beneficial effect of moderate physical activity on weight maintenance.
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Рассмотрены современные требования к технологии производства электротехнических изотропных сталей (ЭИС) для энергоэффектив...
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Рассмотрены современные требования к технологии производства электротехнических изотропных сталей (ЭИС) для энергоэффективного машиностроения. Показаны направления работ по совершенствованию химического состава и технологии выплавки стали, отжига горячекатаной полосы, режимов холодной прокатки и заключительной термообработки в направлении получения оптимального размера микрозерна ЭИС. Представлены новые марки ЭИС ПАО 《НЛМК》, обеспечивающие энергосбережение при эксплуатации электрических машин.
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We present a historical review of high-pressure ESR systems with emphasis on our recent development of a high-pressure, high-field, multi-frequency ESR system. Until 2000, the X-band system was almost established using a resonator...
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We present a historical review of high-pressure ESR systems with emphasis on our recent development of a high-pressure, high-field, multi-frequency ESR system. Until 2000, the X-band system was almost established using a resonator filled with dielectric materials or a combination of the anvil cell and dielectric resonators. Recent developments have shifted from that in the low-frequency region, such as X-band, to that in multi-frequency region. High-pressure, high-field, multi-frequency ESR systems are classified into two types. First are the systems that use a vector network analyzer or a quasi-optical bridge, which have high sensitivity but a limited frequency region; the second are like our system, which has a very broad frequency region covering the THz region, but lower sensitivity. We will demonstrate the usefulness of our high-pressure ESR system, in addition to its experimental limitations. We also discuss the recent progress of our system and future plans. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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For decades, scholars and managers alike have shared a sustained interest in harnessing the talents of high-performing employees primarily due to their disproportionate contributions. An emerging research stream has begun examinin...
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For decades, scholars and managers alike have shared a sustained interest in harnessing the talents of high-performing employees primarily due to their disproportionate contributions. An emerging research stream has begun examining the diverse effects that high performers elicit on their peers. Prior work now spans multiple organizational fields of study and utilizes a variety of high performer conceptualizations, theoretical lenses, and methodological approaches to examine the main effects of high performers as well as the boundary conditions of these effects. However, the body of work on high performers has yet to be systematically reviewed to synthesize the current state of the high performer literature and build commonality across disciplines. In this multidisciplinary review, we first establish conceptual clarity on what a high performer is (and is not) and identify the conceptualization of high performers used in current research. We then use appraisal theories to create a framework to organize the cognitive, affective, and behavioral peer effects sparked by high performers as well as to build an integrative view of the psychological mechanisms through which peers interpret and react to high performers. Following this, we outline several boundary conditions of high performer peer effects, including the characteristics of high performers, peers, and the context in which high performers and peers interact. We further consider how the various operationalizations of high performers are associated with different peer effects. We conclude by identifying and elaborating several avenues for future research that may yield useful cross-disciplinary insights.
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The research findings validate the theoretical importance of the five HPW groupings. More, they imply a number of relationships within and between the five groupings, confirming the need to view the groupings collectively and dyna...
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The research findings validate the theoretical importance of the five HPW groupings. More, they imply a number of relationships within and between the five groupings, confirming the need to view the groupings collectively and dynamically. The groups of autonomy and involvement, together with leadership and management, arguably have particular importance, as they are most often linked to the other groupings.
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A possibility to produce high density ceramics from metal-like high-melting compounds - Iva, Va Group transition metal carbides, nitrides, borides, - as well as from non-metal high-melting com- Pounds of B_4C, SiC, Si_3N_4 AlN wit...
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A possibility to produce high density ceramics from metal-like high-melting compounds - Iva, Va Group transition metal carbides, nitrides, borides, - as well as from non-metal high-melting com- Pounds of B_4C, SiC, Si_3N_4 AlN without use of activating additions has been investigated. Ceramics Have been sintered at pressures up to 7.5 Gpa and temperatures up to 2200 deg.C optimal sintering re- Gimes, as well as physicomechanical and thermophysical properties of the produced ceramics have Been determined.
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