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Ruthenium complexes are among the most interesting coordination complexes and they have attracted great attention over the past decades due to their appealing biological, catalytic, electronic and optical properties. Ruthenium com...
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Ruthenium complexes are among the most interesting coordination complexes and they have attracted great attention over the past decades due to their appealing biological, catalytic, electronic and optical properties. Ruthenium complexes have found a unique niche in bioanalysis, as demonstrated by the substantial progress made in the field. In this review, the applications of ruthenium complexes coordinated with polypyridine ligands (and analogues) in bioanalysis are discussed. Three main detection methods based on electrochemistry, electrochemiluminescence, and photoluminscence are covered. The important targets, including DNA and other biologically important targets, are detected by specific biorecognition with the corresponding oligonucleotides as the biorecognition elements (i.e., DNA is probed by its complementary strand and other targets are detected by functional nucleic acids, respectively). Selected examples are provided and thoroughly discussed to highlight the substantial progress made so far. Finally, a brief summary with perspectives is included.
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In recent decades, microphysiological constructs and systems (MPCs and
MPSs) have undergone significant development, ranging from self-organized
organoids to high-throughput organ-on-a-chip platforms. Advances in
biomaterials, ...
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In recent decades, microphysiological constructs and systems (MPCs and
MPSs) have undergone significant development, ranging from self-organized
organoids to high-throughput organ-on-a-chip platforms. Advances in
biomaterials, bioinks, 3D bioprinting, micro/nanofabrication, and sensor
technologies have contributed to diverse and innovative biofabrication tactics.
MPCs and MPSs, particularly tissue chips relevant to absorption, distribution,
metabolism, excretion, and toxicity, have demonstrated potential as precise,
efficient, and economical alternatives to animal models for drug discovery and
personalized medicine. However, current approaches mainly focus on the in
vitro recapitulation of the human anatomical structure and
physiological-biochemical indices at a single or a few simple levels. This
review highlights the recent remarkable progress in MPC and MPS models
and their applications. The challenges that must be addressed to assess the
reliability, quantify the techniques, and utilize the fidelity of the models are
also discussed.
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Cancer remains the leading cause of death around the world. In cancer treatment, over 50% of cancer patients receive radiotherapy alone or in multimodal combinations with other therapies. One of the adverse consequences after radi...
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Cancer remains the leading cause of death around the world. In cancer treatment, over 50% of cancer patients receive radiotherapy alone or in multimodal combinations with other therapies. One of the adverse consequences after radiation exposure is the occurrence of radiation-induced tissue fibrosis (RIF), which is characterized by the abnormal activation of myofibroblasts and the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. This phenotype can manifest in multiple organs, such as lung, skin, liver and kidney. In-depth studies on the mechanisms of radiation-induced fibrosis have shown that a variety of extracellular signals such as immune cells and abnormal release of cytokines, and intracellular signals such as cGAS/STING, oxidative stress response, metabolic reprogramming and proteasome pathway activation are involved in the activation of myofibroblasts. Tissue fibrosis is extremely harmful to patients' health and requires early diagnosis. In addition to traditional serum markers, histologic and imaging tests, the diagnostic potential of nuclear medicine techniques is emerging. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant therapies are the traditional treatments for radiation-induced fibrosis. Recently, some promising therapeutic strategies have emerged, such as stem cell therapy and targeted therapies. However, incomplete knowledge of the mechanisms hinders the treatment of this disease. Here, we also highlight the potential mechanistic, diagnostic and therapeutic directions of radiation-induced fibrosis.
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Recent years have seen a rapid development of lead halide perovskite (LHP) nanocrystals (NCs) as new and promising functional nanomaterials, which exhibit strong potential in a wide range of optoelectronic applications due to thei...
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Recent years have seen a rapid development of lead halide perovskite (LHP) nanocrystals (NCs) as new and promising functional nanomaterials, which exhibit strong potential in a wide range of optoelectronic applications due to their superior properties and solution-processable advantages. However, to promote their progress in commercialization, overcoming the drawbacks of intrinsic lead toxicity and optimizing material performance are important and must be solved using alternative metal ions to replace Pb ions. In this review, we primarily summarize the recent development of lead-substitution strategies, which focus on the commonalities and differences of their functionalities that are induced by various doped ions. After a brief introduction to the synthesis, nucleation and growth of all-inorganic LHP NCs, a deep discussion of the crystalline structure, electronic band structure, defect states, exciton binding energy, exciton photodynamic process and stability is followed. Specifically, we highlight the importance of both theoretical calculations and experimental characterizations to establish indicative guidelines for high-performance semiconductor nanomaterials. Finally, the light emission applications are discussed, and several issues concerning future research on the controllable synthesis of halide perovskite NCs with low toxicity, superior reproducibility and properties are outlined.
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Aim IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Urine testing is a non-invasive way to track the biomarkers used for measuring renal injury. This study aimed to analyse urinary complement...
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Aim IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Urine testing is a non-invasive way to track the biomarkers used for measuring renal injury. This study aimed to analyse urinary complement proteins during IgAN progression using quantitative proteomics. Methods In the discovery phase, we analysed 22 IgAN patients who were divided into three groups (IgAN 1-3) according to their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Eight patients with primary membranous nephropathy (pMN) were used as controls. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) labelling, coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, was used to analyse global urinary protein expression. In the validation phase, western blotting and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) were used to verify the iTRAQ results in an independent cohort (N = 64). Results In the discovery phase, 747 proteins were identified in the urine of IgAN and pMN patients. There were different urine protein profiles in IgAN and pMN patients, and the bioinformatics analysis revealed that the complement and coagulation pathways were most activated. We identified a total of 27 urinary complement proteins related to IgAN. The relative abundance of C3, the membrane attack complex (MAC), the complement regulatory proteins of the alternative pathway (AP), and MBL (mannose-binding lectin) and MASP1 (MBL associated serine protease 2) in the lectin pathway (LP) increased during IgAN progression. This was especially true for MAC, which was found to be involved prominently in disease progression. Alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU) and α-galactosidase A (GLA) were validated by western blot and the results were consistent with the iTRAQ results. Ten proteins were validated in a PRM analysis, and these results were also consistent with the iTRAQ results. Complement factor B (CFB) and complement component C8 alpha chain (C8A) both increased with the progression of IgAN. The combination of CFB and mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 (MAdCAM-1) also showed potential as a urinary biomarker for monitoring IgAN development. Conclusion There were abundant complement components in the urine of IgAN patients, indicating that the activation of AP and LP is involved in IgAN progression. Urinary complement proteins may be used as biomarkers for evaluating IgAN progression in the future.
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Streets are an essential element of urban safety governance and urban design, but they are designed with little regard for possible gender differences. This study proposes a safety perception evaluation method from the female pers...
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Streets are an essential element of urban safety governance and urban design, but they are designed with little regard for possible gender differences. This study proposes a safety perception evaluation method from the female perspective based on street view images (SVIs) and mobile phone data, taking the central city of Guangzhou as an example. The method relies on crowdsourced data and uses a machine learning model to predict the safety perception map. It combines the simulation of women's walking commuting paths to analyse the areas that need to be prioritised for improvement. Multiple linear regression was used to explain the relationship between safety perception and visual elements. The results showed the following: (1) There were differences in safety perceptions across genders. Women gave overall lower safety scores and a more dispersed distribution of scores. (2) Approximately 11% of the streets in the study area showed weak perceived safety, and approximately 3% of these streets have high pedestrian flows and require priority improvements. (3) Safe visual elements in SVIs included the existence of roads, sidewalks, cars, railways, people, skyscrapers, and trees. Our findings can help urban designers determine how to evaluate urban safety and where to optimise key areas. Both have practical implications for urban planners seeking to create urban environments that promote greater safety.
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Regional iron accumulation and a-synuclein (a-syn) spreading pathology within the central nervous system are common pathological findings in Parkinson's disease (PD). Whereas iron is known to bind to a-syn, facilitating its aggreg...
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Regional iron accumulation and a-synuclein (a-syn) spreading pathology within the central nervous system are common pathological findings in Parkinson's disease (PD). Whereas iron is known to bind to a-syn, facilitating its aggregation and regulating a-syn expression, it remains unclear if and how iron also modulates a-syn spreading. To elucidate the influence of iron on the propagation of a-syn pathology, we investigated a-syn spreading after stereotactic injection of a-syn preformed fibrils (PFFs) into the striatum of mouse brains after neonatal brain iron enrichment. C57Bl/6J mouse pups received oral gavage with 60, 120, or 240 mg/kg carbonyl iron or vehicle between postnatal days 10 and 17. At 12 weeks of age, intrastriatal injections of 5-\ig PFFs were performed to induce seeding of a-syn aggregates. At 90 days post-injection, PFFs-injected mice displayed long-term memory deficits, without affection of motor behavior. Interestingly, quantification of a-syn phosphorylated at S129 showed reduced alpha-syn pathology and attenuated spreading to connectome-specific brain regions after brain iron enrichment. Furthermore, PFFs injection caused intrastriatal microglia accumulation, which was alleviated by iron in a dose-dependent way. In primary cortical neurons in a microfluidic chamber model in vitro, iron application did not alter trans-synaptic a-syn propagation, possibly indicating an involvement of non-neuronal cells in this process. Our study suggests that a-syn PFFs may induce cognitive deficits in mice independent of iron. However, a redistribution of a-syn aggregate pathology and reduction of striatal microglia accumulation in the mouse brain may be mediated via iron-induced alterations of the brain connectome.
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The paper investigates the fault detection problem for a class of nonlinear networked control systems with both communication constraints and random transmission delays. The access status of the sensors is governed by a stochastic...
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The paper investigates the fault detection problem for a class of nonlinear networked control systems with both communication constraints and random transmission delays. The access status of the sensors is governed by a stochastic event, which is modeled as a Markov chain taking matrix values in a certain set. The main task of this paper is to design a mode-dependent fault detection filter, such that for Markov sensors assignment, random network-induced delays and the unknown input signal, the error between the fault and the residual signal is minimized. And the resulting fault detection dynamics is formulated as an H_∞ filtering problem of a Markov jump system. The linear matrix inequality-based sufficient conditions for the existence of the fault detection filter are obtained. Finally, two examples are given to show the effectiveness of the developed method.
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Recently, latent models have continued to find advantages in statistical process monitoring, especially with multifarious extensions coping with the nonlinearity and dynamics confronted by the pattern extraction. However, when lat...
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Recently, latent models have continued to find advantages in statistical process monitoring, especially with multifarious extensions coping with the nonlinearity and dynamics confronted by the pattern extraction. However, when later performing the famous T~2 statistic on the patterns, the issue of non-Gaussianity has rarely been focused alongside, hence vitiating the control of Type-I and -II error in practice. In this paper, a model, in the name of recurrent Kalman variational auto-encoder (RKVAE), is theoretically derived for handling these properties simultaneously, and proposed for its use on monitoring general complex processes. The main idea is to build a monitoring panel on the basis of further reasoning the dynamics underlying the nonlinearly extracted Gaussian features. The model hierarchically consists of three parts: the vanilla VAE for encoding latent Gaussian features, a linear Gaussian state-space model (LGSSM) for temporally reasoning these features, and an RNN for recurrently updating the online LGSSM by fusing several candidate parameters. For the latter K in the name, it is the Kalman filter (KF) that facilitates the feature noise filtering and LGSSM identification. The model has, structurally, a good capacity to be extensible from both the depth and width when modelling complex processes. Finally, based on the explicit formula of LGSSM, a detection panel is designed, and two case studies are given to demonstrate its effectiveness in monitoring and relevant analysis.
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Currently, point measurement and remote sensing technique are two frequently used methods to study the spatial-temporal distribution and pattern of soil moisture. However, point measurement is known as cost-intensive and time-cons...
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Currently, point measurement and remote sensing technique are two frequently used methods to study the spatial-temporal distribution and pattern of soil moisture. However, point measurement is known as cost-intensive and time-consuming, whereas remote sensing is limited in precision to describe spatial and temporal characteristics of soil moisture especially for deep layer soil. This study introduced a method to map farmland soil moisture using a distributed hydrological model (MODCYCLE) combined with the kriging interpolation method (KIM) at the regional scale. Handan City in the North China Plain was chosen as the study area to verify the method. According to the result, there is a significant consistency relationships between observed soil moisture data collected, respectively, from 12 monitoring stations and simulated results in this paper. The maximum relative error coefficient is as low as 8.8%, and even the minimum correlation coefficient is more than 0.66, which shows a good reliability and feasibility of this method. Moreover, the authors also analyzed the spatial characteristics of the soil moisture and assessed the drought vulnerability in the study area based on the soil moisture distribution map. Meanwhile, this paper also summarized a series of suggestions that could cope with agricultural water scarcity and ensure the sustainable development of grain production in this study area.
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