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PurposeDestination management organizations deliver travel-related information through visitor guides to build destination awareness and attract potential tourists. Therefore, this research aims to investigate how people read such...
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PurposeDestination management organizations deliver travel-related information through visitor guides to build destination awareness and attract potential tourists. Therefore, this research aims to investigate how people read such a guide, understand their attitudes and to provide recommendations on enhancing its design.Design/methodology/approachThis research used eye-tracking technology in tandem with surveys and in-depth interviews. Eye-tracking technology uncovered the elements of a visitor guide that attracted particular attention, whereas surveys and interviews provided deeper insights into people's attitudes toward them.FindingsPeople do not spend attention equally on each page of a visitor guide. Instead, they look at the reference points (i.e. photo credits, photos, headings and bolded words) and then read the adjacent areas if the information triggers their interest. The characteristics of the attractive components of a visitor guide were discussed and suggestions on designing a more appealing guide were provided.Research limitations/implications - The triangulated approach not only generated objective and insightful results but also enhanced research validity. This exploratory sequential mixed method can usefully be applied to test other stimuli and assess attention.Practical implications - To be deemed appealing, a visitor guide should avoid ads unrelated to the destination, include more photos, use the list format and bolded words, add stories or selected comments from social media and provide well-designed maps.Originality/valueThis research fills a gap in the literature by using a triangulated approach including eye-tracking, survey and interviews to examine a 68-page visitor guide. The concept of reference-point reading behavior is proposed. Practical implications are discussed to improve the design of a visitor guide.
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Effective and inclusive community participation is an essential and challenging component of sustainable tourism planning and development, especially as communities become increasingly diverse. The establishment of national parks ...
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Effective and inclusive community participation is an essential and challenging component of sustainable tourism planning and development, especially as communities become increasingly diverse. The establishment of national parks and other protected areas closer to urban areas provides a unique opportunity for investigating community engagement in diverse contexts, as park agencies are mandated to connect with a broader range of community stakeholders. Historically, the engagement of immigrants and minorities with parks and protected areas has focused primarily on visitation, while their role as members of host communities has for the most part been overlooked. This qualitative study, conducted during the development of Canada's first National Urban Park, addresses this need by providing a deeper understanding of immigrants' engagement in planning. In-depth, semi-structured interviews are conducted with planners, politicians, community organizations, and first-generation immigrants who are now community leaders. The study draws upon, and expands on, earlier work by McCool and by Bramwell. It recommends five underlying principles for more inclusive public conversations: adopting an ongoing, long-term, and communicative approach; being open to new perspectives and willing to revisit assumptions; designing parallel strategies and customized tactics; collaborating with community leaders; and engaging in short-term and long-term learning.
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Purpose Restaurants are unique and challenging environments for accommodating food allergies. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate food allergy knowledge, attitudes and resources among restaurant employees, and identify differ...
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Purpose Restaurants are unique and challenging environments for accommodating food allergies. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate food allergy knowledge, attitudes and resources among restaurant employees, and identify differences based on restaurant mode of operation.
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Community participation has long been viewed as an important tenet of tourism planning, and there is general consensus among researchers that engaging all stakeholder groups contributes to tourism sustainability. However, there ar...
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Community participation has long been viewed as an important tenet of tourism planning, and there is general consensus among researchers that engaging all stakeholder groups contributes to tourism sustainability. However, there are gaps in the literature, and challenges in practice, that call for further research. Among these are the dynamics of heterogeneous community groups and that not all community subgroups have equal opportunity to participate in tourism planning. This paper attempts to advance community participation by drawing on progressive approaches to stakeholder theory in the management field and by exploring, for the first time, the engagement of immigrants in tourism planning as fringe stakeholders, representative of present and future community dynamics. Bringing first generation immigrants as an important but less studied segment within the broader host community into focus moves tourism planning toward a more inclusive approach to community engagement, reflecting increased diversity and change in host communities.
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Destinations have offered diverse gamified trips in the last 10 years. However, there is a lack of understanding on what motivates visitors to participate in such a trip. As one of the first attempts to examine visitors' motivatio...
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Destinations have offered diverse gamified trips in the last 10 years. However, there is a lack of understanding on what motivates visitors to participate in such a trip. As one of the first attempts to examine visitors' motivations for taking a gamified trip, this paper conceptualizes and categorizes gamified trips, explores reasons for liking or disliking them, proposes 34 travel motivations, and categorizes players of these trips into six types, including knowledge collectors, reward seekers, explorers, curiosity seekers, sensation seekers, and flow experiencers. The research sheds light upon this emerging phenomenon and provides implications on how to design appealing gamified trips for different market segments. Additionally, this paper expands the use of Q methodology to travel motivation research. The framework of conducting a Q methodology lays a foundation for future studies.
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Purpose It has generally been anticipated that the growth of Internet technology and e-commerce would result in virtual grocery shopping (VGS) becoming a normal way of life for consumers worldwide. However, the adoption of VGS, ex...
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Purpose It has generally been anticipated that the growth of Internet technology and e-commerce would result in virtual grocery shopping (VGS) becoming a normal way of life for consumers worldwide. However, the adoption of VGS, except in China and other Asian countries, has been quite slow and there is little understanding for this reason. Using Canada as a research context, the purpose of this study was to investigate the attitudes of consumers towards VGS with a focus on their technological readiness and the impact of the optimisation of consumer learning. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative research methodology was undertaken using cluster analysis with descriptive statistics to segment the different groups of consumers from a sample of 1,034 adult respondents. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was then used to test a theoretical model for consumers' intention to adopt VGS. Findings The study found that the attitudes of consumers towards virtual shopping, convenience motivation, perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived risk and consumer learning are all factors that impact consumers' intention to adopt virtual food shopping. The research also identified four segments of consumers in the Canadian market based on their attitudes and intention to adopt VGS. These results allow grocers to target the consumer groups favourable to VGS and provide insights on the factors that can be manipulated via marketing strategies to reach these consumers. Practical implications Retailers are provided with insights on consumers behaviour that will allow them to target specific segments with shopping modalities. Originality/value This research investigated VGS, focussing on consumer learning as a socio-cultural influence as well as the consumer's technological readiness as an intention to adopt to this modality of shopping for food. These constructs have not been investigated by previous studies on food grocery shopping.
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Many developing countries depend on tourism as their main engine for economic development, but sustainability is often a concern. In the absence of inter-sectorial linkages between tourism and other industrial sectors, opportuniti...
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Many developing countries depend on tourism as their main engine for economic development, but sustainability is often a concern. In the absence of inter-sectorial linkages between tourism and other industrial sectors, opportunities for trickledown benefits to host communities are stymied. For decades, researchers have been contending with issues related to strengthening agriculture and tourism linkages as a strategy to maximize economic linkages. This service-oriented approach to the local food supply chain is posited as a new model in which agriculture and hotel linkages can be advanced. We collected data about local food hotel supply through interviews with key stakeholders. The findings from our exemplary case study confirm that strengthening inter-sectorial linkages have benefits for stakeholders. This case study suggests that there are opportunities for tourism policies that foster local food linkages with high-end accommodation properties as a strategy to spread the economic spin off from tourism and also to encourage youth involvement in sustainable tourism development. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Customer engagement (CE) narrows the focus of experience to the interactive, value co-creative process between customers and company. Despite a few attempts measuring online engagement, we found no studies on fully operationalized...
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Customer engagement (CE) narrows the focus of experience to the interactive, value co-creative process between customers and company. Despite a few attempts measuring online engagement, we found no studies on fully operationalized engagement in the tourism destination. Considering the existing CE scales might not fully capture the scope of value co-creation process and its context-dependent nature, we proposed to develop a tourist engagement scale (TES) which incorporates more actors in value co-creation at the destination. Following the procedures of item generation, scale purification, and scale validation, we identified a 16-item, four-dimensional, second-order model of TES: social interaction, interaction with employees, relatedness, and activity-related tourist engagement (including immersed involvement and novelty-seeking). It provides various uses to DMOs and service providers, e.g. an assessment tool for tourist experience, a market segment tool, and a predictor to tourists' behavioral intention. We contribute to the literature of tourist experience, value co-creation, and engagement study.
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