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Though early public relations leaders set up serving the public interest as an unquestionable role for public relations, contemporary public relations practice and scholarship have focused on organizations’ goals and activities g...
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Though early public relations leaders set up serving the public interest as an unquestionable role for public relations, contemporary public relations practice and scholarship have focused on organizations’ goals and activities giving little attention to the public interest. We put forth Public Interest Relations (PIR), which resituates the public interest as central to the work in and scholarship of public relations. PIR recognizes public relations practitioners have a civic duty to create spaces for dialogue; encourage and listen to diverse viewpoints; offer honest analysis and synthesis toward recommendations that advocate for the public interest; and act in the public interest, while also advancing organizational goals. Because organizations may engage in PIR in different ways, a three-category PIR continuum is offered. When PIR is practiced, we propose trust will grow, community will be built, and goodwill will be fostered.
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Since "ecological civilization" was written into the constitution, China has continuously strengthened ecological and environmental protection and innovatively established an environmental public interest litigation system. Howeve...
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Since "ecological civilization" was written into the constitution, China has continuously strengthened ecological and environmental protection and innovatively established an environmental public interest litigation system. However, China's current environmental public interest litigation system is not sound, especially since the types and scope of environmental public interest litigation are unclear, which is the core problem we aim to solve. To explore the types of environmental public interest litigation in China and the possibility of expanding new fields, we first used the normative analysis method to review the legislation of environmental public interest litigation in China and then conducted an empirical analysis of 215 judgment documents of environmental public interest litigation in China, and we concluded that the legal types and scope of application of environmental public interest litigation in China are constantly expanding. To reduce environmental pollution and ecological damage as much as possible, we argue that China should further expand the application of environmental administrative public interest litigation to improve the environmental civil public interest litigation system and adhere to the criteria of "behavior standards first, result standards second" and "prevention first, recovery second". At the same time, through the internal connection mechanism between procuratorial suggestions and environmental administrative public interest litigation, the external cooperation between environmental organizations, procuratorates, and environmental administrative departments should be strengthened, and a new mechanism for environmental public interest litigation should be established and improved to accumulate useful experience in the judicial protection of China's ecological environment.
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Purpose - The aim of the research is to examine the legal ideologies of planning law proposed by Patrick McAuslan in 1980 and their operation in one key aspect of modern-day planning law in England a...
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Purpose - The aim of the research is to examine the legal ideologies of planning law proposed by Patrick McAuslan in 1980 and their operation in one key aspect of modern-day planning law in England and Wales in order to assess the balance between these ideologies today. Design/methodology/approach - In order to achieve this, the philosophical and theoretical foundations of the respective legal ideologies are revisited. The approach that follows is a mixed doctrinal and socio-legal one. The content of the law in certain key areas is established and then analysed against the framework of McAuslan's ideologies in order to establish the social context balance of the law. Findings - The paper concludes that, despite much change in law and policy, the balance between the three competing ideologies in the area of development control in the planning regime of England and Wales remains similar to that in 1980. Research limitations/implications - For publication as a research paper, the scope of the examination was necessarily restricted. Certain areas scrutinised by McAuslan are of less relevance today, but, nonetheless, there is clearly scope to revisit some of the other aspects of planning law considered in 1980 and, indeed, to expand the scope of analysis to other areas of environmental law. Originality/value - The paper takes a framework of legal ideologies that was proposed over 30 years ago and applies it to elements of the modern-day planning regime. The paper will be of value to both legal academics and those in the town planning discipline.
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Purpose - The aim of the paper is to consider the efficacy of requiring a public interest test to be satisfied before protection is afforded to workers who blow the whistle under Part IVA of the Employment Rights Act 1996 (ERA 199...
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Purpose - The aim of the paper is to consider the efficacy of requiring a public interest test to be satisfied before protection is afforded to workers who blow the whistle under Part IVA of the Employment Rights Act 1996 (ERA 1996). Design/methodology/approach - Not all definitions of whistleblowing require there to be a public interest in the disclosure of information. To illustrate how the expression “public interest” has been used in this context, the common law defence to an action for breach of confidence is outlined. The paper then explains how the concept of “public interest whistleblowing” evolved in other jurisdictions. It also examines the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights to see if it helps us to apply the public interest test. Finally, this test is considered in the context of UK legislation. Findings - Several sources of uncertainty are identified. These include the fact that personal and public interest matters may be intertwined and that an organization may encourage the internal reporting of concerns about wrongdoing that do not have a public dimension to further its private interests. One obvious result of uncertainty is that those who are not legally required to report wrongdoing may choose not to do so and society may be denied important information; for example, about serious health and safety risks or financial scandals. Originality/value - It is suggested that the public interest test should be removed from Part IVA ERA 1996. However, this test is likely to remain for a while, so nine recommendations about how it should be interpreted are made.
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Nearly all decisions made in the public interest nowadays are expected to be “evidence based.” That is, as we plan for societal change, we ask for some proof: What evidence gives us confidence that instituting this change will a...
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Nearly all decisions made in the public interest nowadays are expected to be “evidence based.” That is, as we plan for societal change, we ask for some proof: What evidence gives us confidence that instituting this change will achieve the intended effect? Even when it is not obligatory, claiming to be “evidence based” conveys a sense of legitimacy that many find persuasive.
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Traditional rate-of-return ratemaking has undergone critical review at least since the early 1960s. Various stakeholders and academic economists have offered proposals to improve, replace, or supplement it with mechanisms that att...
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Traditional rate-of-return ratemaking has undergone critical review at least since the early 1960s. Various stakeholders and academic economists have offered proposals to improve, replace, or supplement it with mechanisms that attempt to redress the supposed deficiencies underlying traditional ratemaking. One such mechanism is multiyear rate plans (MRPs). Whether MRPs are in the public interest is the ultimate question for utility regulators to address, but one that has no clear answer.
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The role of the modern reference librarian often requires that he or she create and maintain research guides for patrons, whether the setting is a public, school, or academic institution. Job descriptions list responsibilities tha...
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The role of the modern reference librarian often requires that he or she create and maintain research guides for patrons, whether the setting is a public, school, or academic institution. Job descriptions list responsibilities that include "[compiling] bibliographies and user guides" and "providing web-based guides and tutorials." Desired qualifications include "experience developing research guides." Over the past 30 years, students in my graduate courses have explored various versions of an assignment that has involved creating lists of sources on topics of interest.
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Merger control regimes in various jurisdictions-especially in Africa-feature non-competition objectives in addition to conventional goals, such as the maintenance or promotion of competition. Such 'public interest' objectives-incl...
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Merger control regimes in various jurisdictions-especially in Africa-feature non-competition objectives in addition to conventional goals, such as the maintenance or promotion of competition. Such 'public interest' objectives-including the promotion of employment, small business and particular industries-create special challenges for competition authorities. Furthermore, the broad definition of, and complexity that are associated with, non-competition objectives may increase uncertainty about merger control. We study the systematic impact of public interest concerns on South African merger decisions, in terms of the duration of adjudication and consistency over time. Our results suggest that the adjudication of mergers that feature public interest concerns take longer. More important, these cases have a higher probability of having conditions that are imposed for approval, and this has been increasing steadily over the past decade. This indicates more aggressive merger control and raises policy questions about the consistency-and hence predictability-of South African merger decisions.
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The American Psychological Foundation (APF) Gold Medal Awards recognize distinguished and enduring records of accomplishment in four areas of psychology: the application of psychology, the practice of psychology, psychology in the...
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The American Psychological Foundation (APF) Gold Medal Awards recognize distinguished and enduring records of accomplishment in four areas of psychology: the application of psychology, the practice of psychology, psychology in the public interest, and the science of psychology. The 2013 recipient of the Gold Medal Award for Life Achievement in Psychology in the Public Interest is Jac-quelynne S. Eccles. Dorothy W. Cantor, president of the APF, will present the APF Gold Medal Awards at the 121st Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association on August 3, 2013, at 4:00 p.m. Members of the 2013 APF Board of Trustees are Dorothy W. Cantor, president; Charles L. Brewer, vice president/secretary; Gerald Koocher, treasurer; Elisabeth R. Straus, executive vice president/executive director; Norman Anderson; David H. Barlow; Camilla Benbow; Sharon Stephens Brehm; Connie Chan; Anthony Jackson; Ronald F. Levant; Richard McCarty; Aurelio Prifitera; Sandra Shullman; Archie L. Turner; and Louise Douce, APA Board of Directors liaison.
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In recent years, regulators and politicians have raised questions about whether merger control is “fit for purpose” in the modern economy, and in particular about whether the consumer welfare standard remains the appropriate len...
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In recent years, regulators and politicians have raised questions about whether merger control is “fit for purpose” in the modern economy, and in particular about whether the consumer welfare standard remains the appropriate lens through which to assess transactions, or whether merger control should consider the potential impact of a transaction on broader public interest (PI) objectives, such as employment, the environment, data privacy, national security, or industrial or trade policy. Many merger control regimes globally already include a public interest component, and in thinking about whether it would be reasonable or appropriate to add or strengthen the PI component of a merger control regime, it may be helpful to look at regimes that already include a PI component to consider the ways in which this may be structured and whether these standards are likely to be successful in achieving PI aims. This piece surveys the existing merger control regimes with a PI component to identify lessons that may be useful for jurisdictions considering whether and how to expand a merger control regime to include PI.
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