摘要 :
Key employee life insurance in the banking industry is called bank-owned life insurance (BOLI). Banks use BOLI to provide financial support to help reduce disruptions due to the death of a key executive and as a part of the execut...
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Key employee life insurance in the banking industry is called bank-owned life insurance (BOLI). Banks use BOLI to provide financial support to help reduce disruptions due to the death of a key executive and as a part of the executive compensation package. We investigate the characteristics of banks related to the amount of BOLI purchased. We find that BOLI purchases are positively related to bank size and leverage and negatively related to tax rates and employee salaries. We also find that BOLI purchases are related to bank ownership structure and profitability.
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This study focuses on factors driving insurance demand measured as insurance density and growth rate of premiums in emerging markets during the years 1998–2008. Findings indicate that demographic factors explain a greater varianc...
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This study focuses on factors driving insurance demand measured as insurance density and growth rate of premiums in emerging markets during the years 1998–2008. Findings indicate that demographic factors explain a greater variance relative to economic and institutional variables for insurance density, while economic factors explain the greatest amount of variance in terms of insurance growth rates. We find that growth rate of the country, GNI per capita, interest rate, merchandise trade, and business freedom influence insurance density. The influence of growth rate of the country was in opposing directions in the case of non-life and life density.
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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between insurance and economic growth for six (developed, emerging and developing) countries over the period of 1980 to 2015. Design/methodology/approach: The study...
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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between insurance and economic growth for six (developed, emerging and developing) countries over the period of 1980 to 2015. Design/methodology/approach: The study applies panel auto-regressive distributed lagged (PMG/ARDL) method to examine long-term and short-term relationship between insurance and economic growth for the USA, the UK, China, India, Malaysia and Pakistan. Findings: The authors concluded that there exists a positive and significant relationship between life insurance, non-life insurance, trade openness, stock-market development and economic growth in the long run as p-value is less than 5 per cent. This study also found a significant relationship between employment rate, banking development and economic growth for the long run but the direction is negative. Foreign direct investment shows an insignificant relationship with economic growth in the long run. The results highlighted a significant and positive relationship between non-life insurance and economic growth in the short-run for the USA, the UK, China, India, Malaysia and Pakistan. Moreover, the relationship between life insurance and economic growth is positive and significant for India, Pakistan and the UK. Results reveal a significant but a negative relationship between life insurance and economic growth for the USA, China and Malaysia. Research limitations/implications: Analysis is performed for only six countries and results of these six might not represent the whole world. Practical implications: This research would help policymaker to consider wider aspects of insurance rather than considering it complementary service industry. Social implications: Every individual, today, spends a huge amount of funds to purchase insurance. He or she should be aware of the wider social impact of their spending apart from risk transferring. Originality/value: Researchers recently shifted their focus to investigate the relationship between insurance and economic growth but the topic is still lacking sufficient literature and various knowledge gaps. The study is an attempt to contribute in terms of refinement of the already existing body of knowledge and to fill literature gap. In addition, apart from the insurance-economy relationship, very few empirical studies used financial, banking and stock market along with insurance, proxies to measure accurate insurance contribution. Another element of originality lies in the comparative analysis of developed, emerging and developing countries.
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A life insurance plan provides insurers or their dependents a lump sum payment after a predetermined period or, in some cases, upon death. The customer's choice to invest in a life insurance plan is affected by a variety of factor...
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A life insurance plan provides insurers or their dependents a lump sum payment after a predetermined period or, in some cases, upon death. The customer's choice to invest in a life insurance plan is affected by a variety of factors, such as socioeconomic considerations, whether the company can be trusted, offers all insurance services, and demographic criteria, such as income, occupation, gender, and educational attainment. Investors must recognize their risks and manage them appropriately. This research aims to examine the variables that influence a person's decision to invest in a life insurance policy. 153 respondents completed a structured questionnaire that was used to obtain the data. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Chi-square to examine the relationship between demographic characteristics & policy features as well as between demographic variables & the percentage of income invested in life insurance. The analysis software SPSS is utilized. The outcome indicates that the investment decision is affected by the income component and the benefits provided by an insurance policy.
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The life insurance industry has experienced phenomenal growth over the years. The broad aim of this study was to establish the variables that influence the demand for life insurance in the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, C...
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The life insurance industry has experienced phenomenal growth over the years. The broad aim of this study was to establish the variables that influence the demand for life insurance in the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa). Although many studies have investigated the determinants of life insurance demand, little research has considered the supply-side factors such as financial regulation. Therefore, this study also contemplated the effect of the financial regulation variable on life insurance demand. The inquiry employed a panel of the BRICS bloc of countries as a unit of analysis for 1999–2020 and applied panel data econometric techniques. The study found that the life insurance demand variable (proxied by life insurance density and alternatively by life insurance penetration) was negatively affected by income, unemployment, interest rates and inflation variables. Furthermore, the study documented a positive relationship between life insurance demand and the economic growth and financial freedom variables. This study implies that regulatory authorities should deregulate the life insurance sector to foster financial freedom.
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These days, the banking sector is preparing with innovative ICT administrations. Since the banking business now offers e-services due to the arrival of technology, service quality has become a crucial concern in this dynamic world...
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These days, the banking sector is preparing with innovative ICT administrations. Since the banking business now offers e-services due to the arrival of technology, service quality has become a crucial concern in this dynamic world. A consumer no longer has to wait in large lines to deposit or withdraw money. They are not need to rely on others to pay the costs. E-services have largely replaced the physical services provided by banks. The sole factor that links a consumer with a particular bank throughout the most recent couple of very long years is service quality. As a result, there has been a noticeable change in the financial industry. Realizing the value and quality of aid is difficult. Banking companies heavily rely on the accuracy of their customers' assumptions and understanding. Asking them questions about presumptions and their perception of the quality of the aid through precisely crafted overviews may very well be effective in achieving this. The components of administration quality have been examined in many ways, and SERVQUALhas been recognised as a tool created to measure administration quality. According to the observational study being conducted on the administration quality hypothesis, improved aid quality has a substantial role in overall client loyalty. The focus of the study will be on various investigations into service quality conducted by scientists in the past for various projects. As a result, the current probe is unique since it is brand-new to the hotel business in India. The report looks at the analysis of several studies. The paper investigates the review of various researches conducted on Service Quality by using SERVQUAL Method, and tried to explore what the researchers have concluded so far.
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This paper presents a framework-based systematic review of existing research to understand the purchase behaviour of consumers for life insurance products. The TCM framework is adopted to provide an organized review of the theory,...
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This paper presents a framework-based systematic review of existing research to understand the purchase behaviour of consumers for life insurance products. The TCM framework is adopted to provide an organized review of the theory, context and methods used in the articles under review. Antecedents, decisions and outcomes in the context of consumers' life insurance purchase behaviour are also discussed in detail using the ADO framework. The review aggregates 136 unique antecedents derived from 76 relevant articles and classifies them into eight broad categories. Further, the reasons for obtaining a positive or negative effect of a particular antecedent on life insurance purchase decisions or outcomes are also fully explored. Finally, TCM and ADO frameworks are used to identify the research gaps in the extant life insurance literature. Some of the important future avenues of the research, especially from the perspective of behavioural economics and pandemic scenarios such as COVID-19, are then explored.
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osinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic disease that can be diagnosed at any age, but is not associated with malignancy and does not shorten lifespan. It remains unknown whether an EoE diagnosis affects insurability or insuranc...
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osinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic disease that can be diagnosed at any age, but is not associated with malignancy and does not shorten lifespan. It remains unknown whether an EoE diagnosis affects insurability or insurance premium costs. We therefore aimed to determine whether a diagnosis of EoE affects the costs of life insurance. Our investigation was a secret shopper audit study whereby we contacted national insurance companies in the United States to evaluate the effect of a diagnosis of EoE on life insurance premiums. We constructed standardized case scenarios for males and females, including a 25-year-old and a 48-year-old without other comorbid conditions, who either had or did not have a diagnosis of EoE. Companies were asked for their best estimate for a $100,000 whole life insurance policy. Comparisons between median premiums were made using the Mann-Whitney U test. There were 20 national life insurance companies contacted and a total of 73 quotes were obtained. The median premium rate was similar for EoE and non-EoE cases at the younger age ($828 [IQR $576-1,020] vs. $756 [IQR $504-$804]; P = 0.10). However, the premium for the older case without EoE was 19% less expensive compared to a case with EoE ($1990 [IQR $1,248-2,350] vs. $2,375 [IQR $2,100-2568; P = 0.02]. This finding was not explained by sex or state of residence. Based on these findings, we conclude that life insurance premiums are significantly more expensive in the older patient case with EoE when compared to the same case without EoE. Patients with EoE and their providers should be aware of the additional cost associated with this diagnosis.
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Funeral insurance is a global phenomenon that has existed throughout history and remains hugely popular in Africa today. Yet as a distinct financial device it has received little attention. The question is why it seems, in many co...
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Funeral insurance is a global phenomenon that has existed throughout history and remains hugely popular in Africa today. Yet as a distinct financial device it has received little attention. The question is why it seems, in many contexts, to be preferred over standard life insurance even though the latter is a more flexible product. This paper presents a simple model in which funeral insurance differs from life insurance in that there is a constraint on how the payout is spent. Funeral insurance can therefore serve as an intergenerational commitment device. The model's key prediction is consistent with South African household data.
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It has long been established that insurable interest is a basic requirement of a contract of insurance. The nature and extent of insurable interest varies from one jurisdiction to the next but the fundamental justifications for th...
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It has long been established that insurable interest is a basic requirement of a contract of insurance. The nature and extent of insurable interest varies from one jurisdiction to the next but the fundamental justifications for the requirement of the interest are the same, which are to discourage gaming and wagering in the guise of insurance and to minimise the risk of destruction by the proposer of the subject-matter of the insurance.
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