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Edward Barbour obtained his bachelor’s degree in Physics from Oxford University and his PhD in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Edinburgh in 2013. His doctoral thesis focused on the development of ACAES and the econo...
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Edward Barbour obtained his bachelor’s degree in Physics from Oxford University and his PhD in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Edinburgh in 2013. His doctoral thesis focused on the development of ACAES and the economics of energy storage within the UK market framework. He held subsequent postdoc positions at the University of Birmingham and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. As of 2019, he is a lecturer at Loughborough University in the Centre for Renewable Energy Systems Technology (CREST), where his research is focused on thermomechanical energy storage and the future role of energy storage in the UK.Display OmittedDaniel L. Pottie obtained his bachelor’s in Mechanical Engineering from Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Brazil in 2016. In the same year, he started as a research assistant at UFMG, developing hydraulic compressed air energy storage technology. He started his MSc degree in the subject in 2018, and his thesis detailed the thermodynamic performance of a novel pumped hydraulic compressed air energy storage (PHCAES) system. He was awarded the degree in September 2019. Currently, he is a PhD candidate at Loughborough University where his research is focused on the development of competitive, efficient, and innovative adiabatic compressed air energy storage.Display OmittedFor decades, technical literature has appraised adiabatic compressed air energy storage (ACAES) as a potential long-duration energy storage solution. However, it has not reached the expected performance indicators and widespread implementation. Here, we reflect on the design requirements and specific challenges for each ACAES component. We use evidence from recent numerical, theoretical, and experimental studies to define the technology-readiness level (TRL). Lastly, we discuss promising new directions for future technology development.
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The desire to increase power production through renewable sources introduces a number of problems due to their inherent intermittency. One solution is to incorporate energy storage systems as a means of managing the intermittent e...
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The desire to increase power production through renewable sources introduces a number of problems due to their inherent intermittency. One solution is to incorporate energy storage systems as a means of managing the intermittent energy and increasing the utilization of renewable sources. A novel hybrid thermal and compressed air energy storage (HT-CAES) system is presented which mitigates the shortcomings of the otherwise attractive conventional compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems and its derivatives, such as strict geological locations, low energy density, and the production of greenhouse gas emissions. The HT-CAES system is investigated, and the thermodynamic efficiency limits within which it operates have been drawn. The thermodynamic models considered assume a constant pressure cavern. It is shown that under this assumption the cavern acts just as a delay time in the operation of the plant, whereas an adiabatic constant volume cavern changes the quality of energy through the cavern. The efficiency of the HT-CAES system is compared with its Brayton cycle counterpart, in the case of pure thermal energy storage (TES). It is shown that the efficiency of the HT-CAES plant is generally not bound by the Carnot efficiency and always higher than that of the Brayton cycle, except for when the heat losses following compression rise above a critical level. The results of this paper demonstrate that the HT-CAES system has the potential of increasing the efficiency of a pure TES system executed through a Brayton cycle at the expense of an air storage medium.
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摘要 :AbstractThe integration of energy storage with renewable sources is imperative as it mitigates the intermittency of the available energy. A novel high temperature hybrid compressed air energy storage (HTH-CAES) system design is pr...
展开AbstractThe integration of energy storage with renewable sources is imperative as it mitigates the intermittency of the available energy. A novel high temperature hybrid compressed air energy storage (HTH-CAES) system design is presented as a viable solution, which has the benefit of eliminating the necessary combustion and emissions in conventional CAES plants. The hybrid configuration incorporates two stages of heating through separate low-temperature and high temperature thermal energy storage units. A thermodynamic analysis of the HTH-CAES system is presented along with parametric studies, which illustrate the importance of the operating pressure and thermal storage temperature on the performance of the storage system. Realistic isentropic component efficiencies and throttling losses were considered. Additionally, two extreme cavern conditions were analyzed and the cyclic behavior of an adiabatic cavern was investigated. An optimum operating pressure resulting in maximum roundtrip storage efficiency of the hybrid storage system is reported. The hybrid system was found to be more efficient and energy dense as compared with an advanced adiabatic design of the same power output.Highlights•A novel hybrid thermal and compressed air energy storage design is presented.•An asymptotic isentropic condition in an adiabatic cavern is reported.•An optimum operating pressure leading to maximum roundtrip efficiency is reported.•Realistic isentropic component efficiencies and throttling losses were considered.•A hybrid design is more efficient & energy dense than an advanced adiabatic design.收起
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As renewable electricity generation capacity increases, energy storage will be required at larger scales. Compressed air energy storage at large scales, with effective management of heat, is recognised to have potential to provide...
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As renewable electricity generation capacity increases, energy storage will be required at larger scales. Compressed air energy storage at large scales, with effective management of heat, is recognised to have potential to provide affordable grid-scale energy storage. Where suitable geologies are unavailable, compressed air could be stored in pressurised steel tanks above ground, but this would incur significant storage costs. Liquid air energy storage, on the other hand, does not need a pressurised storage vessel, can be located almost anywhere, and has a relatively large volumetric exergy density at ambient pressure. However, it has lower roundtrip efficiency than compressed air energy storage technologies. This paper analyses a hybrid energy store consisting of a compressed air store at ambient temperature, and a liquid air store at ambient pressure. Thermodynamic analyses are then carried out for the conversions from compressed air to liquid air (forward process) and from liquid air to compressed air (reverse process), with notional heat pump and heat engine systems, respectively. Preliminary results indicate that provided the heat pump/heat engine systems are highly efficient, a roundtrip efficiency of 53% can be obtained. Immediate future work will involve the detailed analysis of heat pump and heat engine systems, and the economics of the hybrid energy store.
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The paper presents a thermodynamic analysis of selected CAES and LAES systems. The LAES cycle is a combination of an air liquefaction cycle and a gas turbine power generation cycle. CAES and LAES systems are simulated using Aspen ...
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The paper presents a thermodynamic analysis of selected CAES and LAES systems. The LAES cycle is a combination of an air liquefaction cycle and a gas turbine power generation cycle. CAES and LAES systems are simulated using Aspen HYSYS software. CAES is modeled in a dynamic mode. A comprehensive thermodynamic analysis was conducted along with the comparison of storage volumes. The results indicate that both systems are characterized by high energy storage efficiency, equal to approximately 40% for the CAES and 55% for the LAES systems. One clear advantage of the LAES over the CAES is the significantly lower volume demanded for energy storage. For the considered LAES system,the liquid air tank volume is around 5000 m(3), while for the CAES the cavern volume is approximately 310000 m(3). Heat exchangers and combustion chambers are the main contributors to the total exergy destruction in the analyzed systems. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Wind farms and solar farms often face challenges in delivering consistent power output during peak demand due to the inconsistency of wind and solar resources. An Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage (ACAES) system based on a n...
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Wind farms and solar farms often face challenges in delivering consistent power output during peak demand due to the inconsistency of wind and solar resources. An Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage (ACAES) system based on a novel compression strategy and rotary valve design is proposed to store and release energy when needed to improve the performance and usability of wind and solar farms. Compared to existing ACAES system designs, the main potential advantages of the proposed system are the reduced cost, space, and simplicity. Detailed system modeling is provided and the simulation results are compared with experimental results. The paper then focuses on round-trip effi-ciency optimization to account for operational safety constraints and feasibility. Finally, a comparison study is presented to analyze the round-trip efficiency of the baseline ACAES system over the optimized system. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Exergy flow characteristics of novel compressed air energy storage (CAES) is significant to evaluate CAES performance while few literatures have addressed this topic. The exergy flow characteristics of two cutting edge CAES system...
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Exergy flow characteristics of novel compressed air energy storage (CAES) is significant to evaluate CAES performance while few literatures have addressed this topic. The exergy flow characteristics of two cutting edge CAES systems, compressed air energy storage systems with thermal energy storage (TS-CAES) and supercritical compressed air energy storage (SC-CAES) systems are studied in this paper. All processes of the two systems are modeled (compression section, expansion section, air storage section for TS-CAES and cold storage/liquefaction section for SC-CAES) based on the commonness of the two systems. Exergy is decomposed into thermal and mechanical exergy for their different flow directions and characteristics. Thus, a general exergy flow model for the two systems was established. With the general model, the variations of the relevant proportional ratios and exergy transfer efficiencies with key parameters are revealed. Meanwhile, the energy coupling mechanism for the two systems are explored as well. For TS-CAES systems, except for the number of parts, the variation of each parameter only dominates the change of exergy transfer efficiency of a certain term or some two. All the variables except the pressure loss coefficient of the intercooler and the polytropic efficiency of the compressor, have large effect on the thermal exergy transfer efficiency of their respective flow section. For SC-CAES systems, with the increase of energy storage/release pressure, the system efficiency increases first and then decreases, which is due to change of liquefaction ratio.
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The present study concerns the development and performance assessment of a novel hydrogen storage system which is operated at a constant pressure where it is also integrated with a compressed air storage system to supply the neces...
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The present study concerns the development and performance assessment of a novel hydrogen storage system which is operated at a constant pressure where it is also integrated with a compressed air storage system to supply the necessary pressure needs. The uniqueness of the system is that there is a two-chamber storage system where air is stored in one chamber while hydrogen is stored in the other one. These two chambers work in a synchronized manner where one is compressed while the other one is expanded. In this regard, air is compressed in the air chamber to expand hydrogen for releasing to the fuel cell and vice versa. Integration of the compressed air storage into the present system helps keep the hydrogen storage chamber at the desired storage pressure. For this purpose, air is compressed into the chamber during the hydrogen discharging period, while air is released from the chamber during the hydrogen charging period. In order to exploit the additional benefit of the compressed air, an ammonia-fueled Brayton cycle is incorporated into the current system. Furthermore, this newly developed system is first analyzed thermodynamically by employing both energy and exergy approaches to confirm its conceptually correct functionality and write the balance equations for system analysis and secondly assessed for its performance through energy and exergy efficiencies. Moreover, the present results indicate that the compressed air as a part of the Brayton cycle covers the total energy demands of hydrogen compression and cooling. In terms of storage efficiencies, the energy and exergy efficiencies for the charging period are found to be 72.65% and 71.52%, while they become 35.3% and 35.24% for discharging period, respectively. The overall system energy and exergy efficiencies are calculated to be 35.00% and 34.38% for a period of 12 h charging and a period of 6 h discharging.
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ЦЕЛЬ.Разработка лабораторного стенда воздухо-аккумулирующей электростанции и расчет ее режимов работы с использованием про...
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ЦЕЛЬ.Разработка лабораторного стенда воздухо-аккумулирующей электростанции и расчет ее режимов работы с использованием программных пакетов Aspen HYSYS и ANSYS.МЕТОДЫ.Авторами была разработана экспериментальная установка воздушно-аккумулирующей электростанции мощностью 1 кВт.Принцип действия установки заключается в закачивании компрессором сжатого воздуха в ресивер,с последующем выпуском воздуха из ресивера в детандер оригинальной конструкции,который вырабатывает электрическую энергию.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ.В процессе разработки опытного образца были изготовлены 4 шестерни из различных конструкционных материаюв: нержавеющая сталь марки AISI 304,латунь марки ЛС59-1 и полиацеталь марки ПОМ-С.В ходе сборки,притирки и обкатки опытным путем было установлено,что оптимальным решением с точки зрения антифрикционных характеристик,прочности и большего ресурса является применение шестерен из полиацеталя.Для моделирования режимов работы лабораторного стенда была составлена модель в программном пакете Aspen HYSYS.Необходимость в динамической модели возникла для моделирования процесса разгрузки р?
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Different from conventional compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems, the advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage (AA-CAES) system can store the compression heat which can be used to reheat air during the electricity ...
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Different from conventional compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems, the advanced adiabatic compressed air energy storage (AA-CAES) system can store the compression heat which can be used to reheat air during the electricity generation stage. Thus, AA-CAES system can achieve a higher energy storage efficiency. Similar to the AA-CAES system, a compressed air energy storage in aquifers (CAESA) system, which is integrated with an aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) could possibly achieve the same objective. In order to investigate the impact of ATES on the performance of CAESA, different injection air temperature schemes are designed and analyzed by using numerical simulations. Key parameters relative to energy recovery efficiencies of the different injection schemes, such as pressure distribution and temperature variation within the aquifers as well as energy flow rate in the injection well, are also investigated in this study. The simulations show that, although different injection schemes have a similar overall energy recovery efficiency (similar to 97%) as well as a thermal energy recovery efficiency (similar to 79.2%), the higher injection air temperature has a higher energy storage capability. Our results show the total energy storage for the injection air temperature at 80 degrees C is about 10% greater than the base model scheme at 40 degrees C. Sensitivity analysis reveal that permeability of the reservoir boundary could have significant impact on the system performance. However, other hydrodynamic and thermodynamic properties, such as the storage reservoir permeability, thermal conductivity, rock grain specific heat and rock grain density, have little impact on storage capability and the energy flow rate. Overall, our study suggests that the combination of ATES and CAESA can help keep the high efficiency of energy storage so as to make CAESA system more efficiency. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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