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Data on the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) of organic nanoparticles are summarized. The mechanisms for the appearance of AIE in nanoparticles with a wide variety of molecular structure including hydrocarbons, compounds with he...
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Data on the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) of organic nanoparticles are summarized. The mechanisms for the appearance of AIE in nanoparticles with a wide variety of molecular structure including hydrocarbons, compounds with heteroatoms, and organometallic complexes as well as the major factors determining the efficiency of luminescence in the solid state are examined. Applied aspects of the use of AIE are discussed.
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In this work, we have taken a donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) fluorophore (II-EDOT-TPA) and encapsulated it using a linear dendritic block copolymer (LDBC). In parallel, a polyethylene glycol derivative (PEG-II-EDOT-TPA) was synthesi...
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In this work, we have taken a donor-acceptor-donor (D-A-D) fluorophore (II-EDOT-TPA) and encapsulated it using a linear dendritic block copolymer (LDBC). In parallel, a polyethylene glycol derivative (PEG-II-EDOT-TPA) was synthesized. The self-assembly and colloidal properties of both nanoaggregates were comparatively assessed. Photophysical and morphological characterization of the LDBC encapsulated II-EDOT-TPA and PEG-II-EDOT-TPA nanoaggregates was performed, which showed the photophysical and morphological properties differed greatly when comparing the two. Both nanoaggregate types were incubated with HEK-293 cells in order to measure cell viability and perform confocal fluorescence microscopy. Minimal cytotoxicity values (<20%) were seen with the two nanoaggregate forms, while both types of nanoaggregates were found to accumulate into the lysosomes of the HEK-293 cells. This work provides fascinating insights into NIR fluorophore design and methods to effectively alter the photophysical and morphological properties of the nanoaggregates for bio-imaging purposes.
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The emergence of the rising alliance between aggregation- induced emission (AIE) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is defined as aggregation-induced electrochemiluminescence (AIECL). The booming science of AIE has proved to be no...
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The emergence of the rising alliance between aggregation- induced emission (AIE) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) is defined as aggregation-induced electrochemiluminescence (AIECL). The booming science of AIE has proved to be not only distinguished in luminescent materials but could also inject new possibility into ECL analysis. Especially in the aqueous phase and solid state for hydrophobic materials, AIE helps ECL circumvent the dilemma between substantial emission intensity and biocompatible media. The wide range of analytes makes ECL an overwhelmingly interesting analytical technique. Therefore, AIECL has gained potential in clinical diagnostics, environmental assays, and biomarker detections. This review will focus on introduction of the novel concept of AIECL, current applied luminophores, and related applications developed in recent years.
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Hydrogels, as an extremely hydrophilic polymer with a network-like cross-linked structure, are considered as a promising material in the field of sensing and detection. In this work, a new ratiometric fluorescence sensor on the ba...
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Hydrogels, as an extremely hydrophilic polymer with a network-like cross-linked structure, are considered as a promising material in the field of sensing and detection. In this work, a new ratiometric fluorescence sensor on the basis of the dual-emission of gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) and carbon dots (CDs) was developed to recognize copper ions (Cu2+) and glutathione (GSH). AuNCs with excellent photostability and biocompatibility could electrostatically interact with aminated-CDs@SiO2. After adding Cu2+, the fluorescence of AuNCs gradually weakened, while the fluorescence of CDs in silicon spheres was basically not affected, thus a fluorescence ratio signal was generated to realize the recognition of Cu2+. Subsequently, the strong combination of GSH with Cu2+ could recover the fluorescence of AuNCs, and a new fluorescence ratio signal was generated to further recognize GSH. The developed ratiometric fluorescence sensor could detect Cu2+ over a range from 0.5 to 16 mu M with a detection limit of 0.25 mu M and GSH over a range from 0.05 to 48 mu M with a detection limit of 0.035 mu M. Such dual-emission CDs@SiO2/AuNCs fluorescent probe was located in the visible region, thus a multi-color fluorescent platform for the alternative visual recognition of Cu2+ and GSH was realized by implanting CDs@SiO2/ AuNCs in agar gel. The construction of multicolor fluorescent hydrogels can be not only applied to fast and visual on-site sensing, but also used in the bioimaging, information encoding, and other fields.
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Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorescent molecules with unique photoelectric properties have re-ceived extensive attention due to the wide range of applications. In this study, a novel benzothiazole-rofecoxib-based luminogen...
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Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorescent molecules with unique photoelectric properties have re-ceived extensive attention due to the wide range of applications. In this study, a novel benzothiazole-rofecoxib-based luminogen, o-RBZ, was constructed by integrating the benzothiazole unit into the ro-fecoxib scaffold. It showed an obvious AIE property, which was investigated and elucidated clearly by systematic experimental and theoretical research. According to single-crystal X-ray and Hirshfeld surface analysis, the highly twisted structure of o-RBZ and restricted-stacking may allow for bright emission in the solid state. Meanwhile, the theoretical calculation revealed that small oscillator strengths (f = 0.06) and a large root mean square deviation (RMSD) were mainly responsible for the large non-radiative tran-sition rate and the suppression of luminous efficacy in DMSO. Furthermore, o-RBZ displayed apparent solvatochromism, mechanochromism, and lipid droplets-specific imaging properties (Pearson's correlative coefficient value of 0.94, low cell cytotoxicity). These findings suggest that AIE-active o-RBZ has the po-tential to be developed as a multi-functional material for mechanical-force sensors and lipid droplets imaging probes.& COPY; 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Dual-state luminophores (DSEgens) that exhibit intense emission in both molecularly dispersed state and the solid state have garnered significant interest due to their versatile applications in various fields. In this study, we re...
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Dual-state luminophores (DSEgens) that exhibit intense emission in both molecularly dispersed state and the solid state have garnered significant interest due to their versatile applications in various fields. In this study, we report the synthesis of three conformationally twisting phenothiazine-cyanostilbene conjugates, PTZ 5-7, as bright DSEgens with intracellular charge transfer (ICT) character. Their photophysical properties in solution and the solid state are thoroughly investigated using spectroscopic measurements and quantum chemical calculations. Notably, it has been discovered that a simple modification involving anisole groups on the conjugate's flanks is highly effective in redshifting the emission by enhancing electronic conjugation and narrowing the energy gap between the ground and excited states. As a result, the introduction of two anisole groups on both flanks of the phenothiazine-cyanostilbene conjugate leads to the development of PTZ-7, a red-emissive DSEgen with high brightness (phi THF = 48.6 % and phi solid = 42.3 %). Leveraging the DSE properties of these compounds, we demonstrate their effectiveness for imaging live cells across a wide concentration range in the dispersed state, as well as their mechanofluorochromic behavior in the aggregated state, exhibiting a spectral shift of over 40 nm.
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New strategies still need to be proposed that can be used to sense and remove toxic environmental pollutants in a sensing system. In this research, a novel NIR fluorescence sensor 1 was designed and prepared with aggregation induc...
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New strategies still need to be proposed that can be used to sense and remove toxic environmental pollutants in a sensing system. In this research, a novel NIR fluorescence sensor 1 was designed and prepared with aggregation induced emission (ME) property. The fluorescence intensity of the sensor 1 in DMSO/H2O mixed solvent was changed along with the proportion of water. The sensor 1 can be successfully used for real-time detection and removal of Hg2+ in 20% DMSO aqueous solution with high selectivity, quick response and so on. Furthermore it can be efficiently reused and recycled without any loss through Na2S. In addition, the sensor 1 displayed high sensitivity and selectivity to cyanide ions in 1% DMSO aqueous solution with the presence of other interference anions. The sensing mechanism for Hg2+ and cyanide ion was evaluated by H-1 NMR spectra, Mass spectrometry. The sensor 1 exhibited low cytotoxicity for biological applications, which was used as an outstanding fluorescent transducer for detection of cyanide ion in living cells. Based on the visible fluorescence change for the sensor 1 to cyanide ion, the measurement was performed for food materials containing cyanide, such as potato, cassava powder and almond. This research provides perspective potential in solving the problem of other pollution and stimulating new thinking for designing of the novel fluorescence materials. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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In this study, we synthesized a series of fluorinated and non-fluorinated tolanes, in which one or more fluorine atoms were systematically introduced into one aromatic ring of a tolane scaffold, and systematically evaluated their ...
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In this study, we synthesized a series of fluorinated and non-fluorinated tolanes, in which one or more fluorine atoms were systematically introduced into one aromatic ring of a tolane scaffold, and systematically evaluated their photophysical properties. All the tolanes with or without fluorine substituents were found to have poor photoluminescence (PL) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solutions. On the other hand, in the crystalline state, non-fluorinated and fluorinated tolanes with one or four fluorine atoms were less emissive, whereas fluorinated tolanes with three or five fluorine atoms exhibited high PL efficiencies (ФPL) up to 0.51. X-ray crystallographic analyses of the emissive fluorinated tolanes revealed that the position of the fluorine substituent played a key role in achieving a high ФPL. Fluorine substituents at the ortho (2/6) and para (4) positions led to tight and rigid packing due to plural π–π stacking and/or hydrogen bonding interactions, resulting in enhanced ФPL caused by the suppression of non-radiative deactivation. Additionally, fluorinated tolanes with three fluorine atoms exhibited notable aggregation-induced PL emission enhancement in THF/water mixed solvents. This demonstrates that the PL characteristics of small PL materials can be tuned depending on the usage requirements.
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In this study, a series of tetraphenylethene (TPE) derivatives with 3-butenloxy moieties were synthesized. The developed TPE with different numbers of substituent groups showed controlled aggregation-induced emission performance a...
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In this study, a series of tetraphenylethene (TPE) derivatives with 3-butenloxy moieties were synthesized. The developed TPE with different numbers of substituent groups showed controlled aggregation-induced emission performance and variable fluorescence properties, and theoretical calculations were carried out to explain these phenomena. TPE and its derivatives were further employed to construct composites through physical blending or a hydrosilylation reaction between the TPE derivative and polydimethylsiloxane. It was found that chemical bonding could improve the solubility of TPE derivatives in the polymer matrix without obvious phase separation. The fluorescence intensity of composites filled with TPE derivatives decreased with increasing temperature or mechanical force, thus giving the material a stimuli-responsive fluorescence property.
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Polymer assemblies with photoluminescent properties are of increasing interest for biomedical applications, ranging from biosensing and bioimaging to biotracking. However, the preparation of these nano/micro-objects often requires...
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Polymer assemblies with photoluminescent properties are of increasing interest for biomedical applications, ranging from biosensing and bioimaging to biotracking. However, the preparation of these nano/micro-objects often requires multistep polymer synthesis and a tedious self-assembly process. Herein, we demonstrate the preparation of photoluminescent polymer assemblies with a wide range of morphologies, from simple spherical micelles, worm-like micelles, and vesicles, to rarely achieved microparticles with inverse mesophases such as spongosomes and cubosomes, via an efficient RAFT-mediated polymerization-induced self-assembly (RAFT-PISA) process. To access the polymer assemblies with photoluminescent properties, an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active monomer (TPE) was copolymerized with 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzyl acrylate (TBA) in a RAFT-PISA process with poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) as the stabilizer block. It was found that the conversion of TBA is highly dependent on the addition ratio of TPE. When the TPE ratio increased to 5 mol% of the total monomer, phase-separation induced by the incompatibility between different components of polymers led to the production of highly sought-after multiphase morphologies such as "colloidal polymers" and phase-separated vesicles, but the morphological evolution terminated at the stage of the spongosome. The reduction of the TPE ratio to 1-2 mol% allows the successful production of photoluminescent cubosomes and hexosomes, capable of emitting blue light upon illumination with light of wavelengths 365-405 nm as confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and digital photographs taken under UV light. Overall, this study is expected to greatly expand the utility of RAFT-PISA by providing facile access to photoluminescent polymer assemblies with a diverse range of morphologies, especially those containing inverse mesophases.
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