摘要 : Common names: Weatherfish (Eng). Conservation status: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Least Concern (2008); Rare and Vulnerable (Lelek 1987); Endangered, Red List in the Czech Republic (Lusk et al. 2004); Danger of extinction,... 展开 Common names: Weatherfish (Eng). Conservation status: IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Least Concern (2008); Rare and Vulnerable (Lelek 1987); Endangered, Red List in the Czech Republic (Lusk et al. 2004); Danger of extinction, category 1, Austria (Spindler 1997); Vulnerable, Croatia (Mrakovaia et al. 2008); Near Threatened, Slovakia (Kocao and Holík 2008); Vulnerable, Poland (Witkowski et al. 2009). Identification: DII–IV 5–7, A III–V 5–6, Lateral line scales 135–175. Ten whiskerlike barbels around its mouth, without a movable spine near its eye, dark brown body, with fine specks. Distribution: Misgurnus fossilis is native to Europe (Kottelat and Freyhof 2007). Found in Europe in patches dispersed from the Seina River to the Volga River. Introduced into Spain and Italy (Hanel and Lusk 2005). Abundance: The numbers are rapidly decreasing (Hanel and Lusk 2005), particularly in central Europe where the distribution of M. fossilis has recently been reduced. Habitat and ecology: Demersal, potamodromous freshwater species that inhabits muddy still and moderately flowing waters with pools. All size groups avoid open substrate without vegetation (Meyer and Hinrichs 2000). Reproduction: Spawns April through June; 5–35 thousand eggs are laid on plants. Free swimming larvae emerg from eggs that have typical outer fibrillae (Hol?ík 1998). Threats: Stream regulation and agrarian use of former floodplains, and use of pesticides in agriculture have caused population reductions (Spindler 1997). Conservation action: Protection of suitable habitats. Recovery of watercourses, renewal of extinct wetlands, and building new artificial wetlands, are appropriate measures to take to support this species (Hala?ka et al. 1998). Remarks: The species has relatively low level genetic diversity within the whole area of its spread (Bohlen et al. 2007; Mendel et al. 2008), which may increase its vulnerability to habitat changes. 收起