摘要 : THE NEW COGNITION PHASE Until recently, in the first half of the 20th century, when the geosincline concept was the basic paradigm of geology or more simply of mobile belts of the Earth, it was considered that the main geological ... 展开 THE NEW COGNITION PHASE Until recently, in the first half of the 20th century, when the geosincline concept was the basic paradigm of geology or more simply of mobile belts of the Earth, it was considered that the main geological history of the planet covered Phanerozoic (it included Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic eras of a total duration of 540 mln years up to the present time). With the advent of the plate tectonics concept* (the 1960s), there started studies of lateral ties of coeval structures of magmatic and ore formations. In this connection it was necessary to determine the age of formation of the asthenosphere**, which is a source of the oceanic magmatic rocks. Of great significance was search for the most ancient ophiolitic complexes***, which had once formed spaces under oceans. Discovery of such complexes comparable with modern rocks under oceans has showed that the plate tectonics similar to the modern one began "to work" on the planet about 2 bln years ago. 收起