摘要: LONG TERM GOAL. My long-term goal is to contribute to our understanding of the influence of the inherent optical properties on apparent optical properties. SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVES. I would like to understand radiative properties of ... 展开 LONG TERM GOAL. My long-term goal is to contribute to our understanding of the influence of the inherent optical properties on apparent optical properties. SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVES. I would like to understand radiative properties of class 2 waters. In particular I concentrate on 4-component system composed of phytoplankton, CDOM, water, and submerged bubble clouds. I calculate remote sensing reflectance, asymptotic distribution of the diffuse light, and bi-directional reflectance. APPROACH. I employed radiative transfer code HYDROLIGHT to study remote sensing reflectance. The inherent optical properties of bubbles were calculated using the Mie solution. Maps of global distribution of bubbles were calculated from NCAR/NCEP global winds. WORK COMPLETED. Work on remote sensing reflectance is completed and summarized below. I report on the influence of bubble clouds generated by breaking waves on the remote sensing reflectance and calculate not only inherent optical but also apparent optical properties using radiative transfer model. It is shown that the optical effects of bubbles on remote sensing of the ocean color are significant. Furthermore, global maps of volume fraction of air in water are presented. These maps, together with the parameterization of the microphysical properties, show the climatological significance of bubble clouds on the global albedo of incoming solar energy. By proxy, I show the influence of the bubble clouds on the remote sensing retrieval of organic and inorganic components of the natural waters. 收起