摘要: The QCD expectations for the behaviour of the deep inelastic scattering structure functions in the region of small values of the Bjoerken parameter x are summarized. The Balitzkij, Lipatov, Fadin, Kuraev (BFKL) equation which sums... 展开 The QCD expectations for the behaviour of the deep inelastic scattering structure functions in the region of small values of the Bjoerken parameter x are summarized. The Balitzkij, Lipatov, Fadin, Kuraev (BFKL) equation which sums the leading powers of (alpha)ln(1/x) is described and confronted with the ''conventional'' formalism based on the leading order QCD evolution equations. The small x behaviour of the spin dependent structure function g(sub 1) is also discussed. The dedicated measurements of the hadronic final state in deep inelastic scattering at small x probing the QCD pomeron are described. This includes discussion of the deep inelastic scattering accompanied by forward jets as well as production of forward prompt photons and (pi)(sup 0)-s. Finally the basic facts concerning the deep inelastic diffraction are briefly summarized. (author) 87 refs, 8 figs 收起