摘要 :
This research was conducted to identify the most frequently violated procedures causing aviation accidents, to determine why they were not complied with, and to recommend actions to correct the underlying causes of these violation...
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This research was conducted to identify the most frequently violated procedures causing aviation accidents, to determine why they were not complied with, and to recommend actions to correct the underlying causes of these violations. The corrective actions would, as a minimum, address the manner in which the procedure is written and presented in hard copy form, the degree and sufficiency with which the procedure is being taught in school and unit training, and the sufficiency of supervision and accountability emphasis placed on the procedure in unit operations. In this way, the probability of procedural violations would be decreased, resulting in fewer accidents and a savings in personnel and equipment and an increase in overall war-fighting capability.
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The recent dramatic growth of Army aviation and unique combat environment of RVN have given rise to critical aviation safety issues. However, no consensus of opinion emerged and time now is ripe to uncover the aviation safety less...
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The recent dramatic growth of Army aviation and unique combat environment of RVN have given rise to critical aviation safety issues. However, no consensus of opinion emerged and time now is ripe to uncover the aviation safety lessons learned from RVN. Therefore, the research described here had as its purpose to solicit, analyze and report the collective opinion of unit commanders and aviation safety officers (ASO's) on the evolution of aviation safety philosophy from peacetime operations through six years of combat operations.
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A review is presented of the nation-wide program which: establishes the standards of medical fitness for pilots, air traffic controllers, and other personnel connected with civil aviation; provides a certification program which in...
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A review is presented of the nation-wide program which: establishes the standards of medical fitness for pilots, air traffic controllers, and other personnel connected with civil aviation; provides a certification program which involves the periodic medical examination of these personnel; provides medical investigation for aircraft accidents; conducts medical research on a variety of subjects of importance to civil aviation safety; operates an occupational health program for the agency's 44,000 employees; and provides for the education of civil airmen on medical subjects of importance to safe flying. (Author)
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This paper attempts to relate aircraft accident investigation and aeromedical research efforts for the purpose of clarifying research needs. Such efforts ultimately can lead to a reduction in lightplane accidents, injuries, and fa...
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This paper attempts to relate aircraft accident investigation and aeromedical research efforts for the purpose of clarifying research needs. Such efforts ultimately can lead to a reduction in lightplane accidents, injuries, and fatalities. Recent statistical studies of lightplane crash injuries are summarized, and contributions that human biologists, physical anthropologists, and design engineers can make toward reducing or preventing injury in future crashes are discussed. Programs of biomedical and human engineering research as they relate to lightplane safety are described. Contributions that physicians can make to this program are outlined. (Author)
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In response to your request to conduct a comprehensive overview of the status of general aviation, especially since the passage the General Aviation Revitalization Act (GARA), we addressed three research questions. What did key in...
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In response to your request to conduct a comprehensive overview of the status of general aviation, especially since the passage the General Aviation Revitalization Act (GARA), we addressed three research questions. What did key indicators in general aviation activity show in the years leading up to GARA and what have they shown since then. What funding is available for general aviation airports and is it sufficient to accommodate planned development. What are the trends in general aviation accident rates and the causes of accidents, and how have the Federal Aviation Administration(FAA) and the industry attempted to improve safety.
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The use of inadequate or incomplete body restraint systems is a major factor in the current trend of increasing serious and fatal type injuries reported from general aviation accidents. An analysis of these accident injuries and c...
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The use of inadequate or incomplete body restraint systems is a major factor in the current trend of increasing serious and fatal type injuries reported from general aviation accidents. An analysis of these accident injuries and conditions clearly indicates that the use of a seat belt without additional upper body restraint cannot provide adequate protection. This project was initiated to study the feasibility of upper body restraint installation in general aviation aircraft. The primary concern of this study is to select specific locations on internal structures that can be recommended as points of upper restraint attachment without major structural modification. A series of five basic makes, models, and types of general aviation aircraft were dynamically tested on an acceleration track to evaluate the structural integrity of each area selected for restraint attachment. Structure deceleration peaks in excess of 20g's occurred from onset rates of 47-49 ft./sec. and event durations of .33 sec. All recommended areas for restraint attachment were found reliable for minimum dynamic loads of 500 pounds. (Author)
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This is the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) first annual Aviation System Capital Investment Plan (CIP). The CIP describes the policies and strategies that the FAA will pursue in addressing key concerns of the National Airs...
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This is the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) first annual Aviation System Capital Investment Plan (CIP). The CIP describes the policies and strategies that the FAA will pursue in addressing key concerns of the National Airspace System (NAS). The Plan addresses safety, efficiency, traffic demands, aging equipment and facilities, and airspace use. It creates a foundation for evolution of the existing NAS through use of new technologies and development of new products obtained from continuing research. Long range advances in automation, communication, and satellite services that are being researched and developed will facilitate more automated control concepts, remove fixed-routing constraints, provide high levels of civil aviation system safety, and facilitate operations of future generations of aircraft. A sound planning process will provide the flexibility to capture the opportunities that new technologies provide and use these new technologies to achieve the FAA's mission.
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Techniques are discussed for providing familiarization of aviation personnel with disorientation problems. The procedures are spelled out in detail. Methods of modifying existing equipment as well as an evaluation of available com...
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Techniques are discussed for providing familiarization of aviation personnel with disorientation problems. The procedures are spelled out in detail. Methods of modifying existing equipment as well as an evaluation of available commercial equipment are presented. The techniques have been used with notable success both at the Civil Aeromedical Institute and in the field. They are relatively inexpensive, effective both for participants and observers, and are readily accepted by flyers as pertinent to the aviation situation. (Author)
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The continued growth forecast for U.S. aviation in the coming decade will likely bring a rise in fatal accidents if the current accident rate is not reduced. Commercial aviation, used by most Americans when they fly, experienced a...
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The continued growth forecast for U.S. aviation in the coming decade will likely bring a rise in fatal accidents if the current accident rate is not reduced. Commercial aviation, used by most Americans when they fly, experienced an average of 6 fatal accidents a year in the United States in 1994-96; general aviation experienced an average of 380 a year. If the projected growth in flight hours occurs and the fatal accident rate is not reduced, GAO estimates in this report that the number of fatal commercial aviation accidents could rise to 9 per year and the number of fatal general aviation accidents to 484 by 2007. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the Congress, and the aviation industry have acknowledged this potential danger and have recommended ways to address it. In 1997, two major commissions on aviation safety recommended reducing the nation's aviation accident rate by 80 percent by 2007. To meet this challenging goal, both the White House Commission on Aviation Safety and Security and the congressionally mandated National Civil Aviation Review Commission recommended that FAA and the aviation industry work together to identify and address the causes of fatal accidents. To unify government and industry efforts to reduce the accident rate by addressing the greatest threats to aviation safety, FAA announced the Safer Skies initiative in April 1998 with the broad initial goal of reducing the number of fatal accidents per million flight hours by 80 percent by 2007.
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