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The Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990 required areas designated as being inviolation of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for particle matter measuring less than or equal to 10 micrometers in aerodynamic mass median...
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The Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990 required areas designated as being inviolation of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for particle matter measuring less than or equal to 10 micrometers in aerodynamic mass median diameter (PM-10) to submit State Implementation Plans (SIPs) beginning with Base Year inventories. In an effort to support the successful implementation of the CAAA and to provide support and information to the transportation community and state planning agencies, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is seeking to provide an overview of PM-10 requirements and SIP contents. This document reviews U.S. EPA's PM-10 guidance documentation and the contents of 1990 Base Year PM-10 SIPs from various regions throughout the contry including: Denver, CO; Boise, ID; Spokane, WA; Phoenix, AZ; and Presque Isle, ME. The report discusses the contents of PM-10 emissions estimation methodologies, PM-10 modeling techniques, and PM-10 control measures.
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The document describes the emission inventory requirements that are contained,either explicity or implicitly, in the Clean Air Act as amended in 1990 (CAA) for those areas that are required to submit a State Implementation Plan (S...
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The document describes the emission inventory requirements that are contained,either explicity or implicitly, in the Clean Air Act as amended in 1990 (CAA) for those areas that are required to submit a State Implementation Plan (SIP) for demonstrating attainment of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for PM-10. The guidance in this document pertains to PM-10 moderate nonattainment areas. The purposes of the document are to (1) identify the types of inventories required; (2) briefly review the regulatory requirements pertaining to submission of these inventories; (3) describe the objectives, components, and ultimate uses of the inventories; and (4) define documentation and reporting requirements for the inventories.
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Sources for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and their emission factors are discussed. The major sources are divided into two categories, stationary sources (such as industrial sources, residental heating, power and heat gen...
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Sources for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and their emission factors are discussed. The major sources are divided into two categories, stationary sources (such as industrial sources, residental heating, power and heat generation, incineration and open fires) and mobile sources (such as cars, trucks and airplanes). The emission factor for each source of each category is established. Uncertainties in the emission factors are introduced by limited data from each source, different sampling methods, and different methods for PAH analysis. The emission factors have been combined with statistical data for consumption/productiion from various sources in the Nordic countries (except Iceland) and estimates of total emission of PAH per year have been made. The effects on the total emissions due to variations in consumption/ production or emission factors are demonstrated. Data from several countries over the past 20-30 years indicate a substantial decrease in PAH emissions. However, emissions of other copollutants have also changed. In view of the plausible formation of potent transformation products, no firm conclusion can be made about changes in potential health hazards of PAH and their derivatives. 13 tables, 2 drawings, 75 references. (ERA citation 10:049626)
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This report summarizes a number of research efforts completed over the past 20 years in the El Paso del Norte region to characterize pollution sources and air quality trends. The El Paso del Norte region encompasses the cities of ...
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This report summarizes a number of research efforts completed over the past 20 years in the El Paso del Norte region to characterize pollution sources and air quality trends. The El Paso del Norte region encompasses the cities of El Paso, Texas and Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua and is representative of many US-Mexico border communities that are facing important air quality issues as population growth and industrialization of Mexican border communities continue. Special attention is given to a group of studies carried out under special US Congressional funding and administered by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Many of these studies were fielded within the last several years to develop a better understanding of air pollution sources and trends in this typical border community. Summary findings from a wide range of studies dealing with such issues as the temporal and spatial distribution of pollutants and pollution potential from both stationary and mobile sources in both cities are presented. Particular emphasis is given to a recent study in El Paso-Ciudad Juarez that focussed on winter season PM-10 pollution in El Paso-Ciudad Juarez. Preliminary estimates from this short-term study reveal that biomass combustion products and crustal material are significant components of winter season PM-10 in this international border community.
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Table of Contents: Major Enforcement Tasks met by CDS (Compliance Data System); Major EPA Guidance with Respect to CDS; Getting Started; System Overview; Data Entry Requirements; Data Entry Procedures; Data Submission Steps; Updat...
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Table of Contents: Major Enforcement Tasks met by CDS (Compliance Data System); Major EPA Guidance with Respect to CDS; Getting Started; System Overview; Data Entry Requirements; Data Entry Procedures; Data Submission Steps; Update Processing; Retrieval Processing; Retrieval Samples; Related Systems Issues; CDS Data Element Dictionary; and Contact List of CDS Users.
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The purpose of this document is to provide to the peer reviewers and interestedmembers of the public, ORD's most recent estimates of dioxin emissions for the years 1987 and 1995 along with a detailed description of the analytical ...
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The purpose of this document is to provide to the peer reviewers and interestedmembers of the public, ORD's most recent estimates of dioxin emissions for the years 1987 and 1995 along with a detailed description of the analytical process and rationale that support these estimates. This document addresses compounds in the following chemical classes: polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs or CDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs or CDFs), polybrominated dibenzodioxins (PBDDs or BDDs), polybrominated dibenzofurans (PBDFs or BDFs), polychlorinated biophenyls (PCBs). The CDDs include 75 individual compounds, and CDFs include 135 different compounds. Likewise, the BDDs include 75 different congeners, and the BDFs include an additional 135 congeners.
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Emission inventories are now routinely used for planning purposes and as input to211 comprehensive photochemical air quality models. Significant biases in either 211 nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) or NOx emission estimates can lead...
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Emission inventories are now routinely used for planning purposes and as input to211 comprehensive photochemical air quality models. Significant biases in either 211 nonmethane hydrocarbon (NMHC) or NOx emission estimates can lead to poor model 211 performance and erroneous estimates of the effects of control strategies. Ambient 211 NMHC and NOx measurements collected at three Photochemical Assessment Monitoring 211 Stations (PAMS) located at Bronx, NY; Lake Clifton, MD; and Lynn, MA were 211 compared to regional emission estimates of NMHC and NOx in there areas. Section 2 211 provides a discussion of the approach and uncertainty issues associated with top-211 down emission inventory evaluations. Section 3 describes the characteristics of 211 the ambient and meteorological data used in the evaluation. The characteristics 211 and processing of the emission inventory are discussed in Section 4. Section 5 211 provides an analysis of the emission inventory evaluation including NMHC/NOx 211 ratio analysis, NMHC composition and reactivity, the contribution by source 211 categories to emissions, comparisons of speciated data and reactivities, and 211 individual source category emissions. Section 6 includes a summary of results and 211 conclusions as well as recommendations to improve the inventory. Section 7 211 contains the report preferences.
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This document focuses on fine particulate matter (PM-10 and PM-2.5 - particles211 with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to a nominal 10 microns and 2.5 211 microns, respectively). Information presented in this document i...
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This document focuses on fine particulate matter (PM-10 and PM-2.5 - particles211 with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to a nominal 10 microns and 2.5 211 microns, respectively). Information presented in this document includes 211 background on particulate matter emissions; measurement methods for particulate 211 matter; types of particulate control devices, their operating principles, design, 211 operation, and control efficiencies; costs and environmental effects of 211 particulate matter countrol systems; and emerging technologies for particulate 211 matter control.
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This document will help state, local, and tribal air pollution control agency211 personnel compile an inventory of criteria pollutant emissions from stationary 211 (point and area) sources. The document is divided into two major p...
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This document will help state, local, and tribal air pollution control agency211 personnel compile an inventory of criteria pollutant emissions from stationary 211 (point and area) sources. The document is divided into two major parts. The main 211 body consists of Section 1 through 7 and presents various tools and techniques 211 you can use to: Identify issues to consider when planning and compiling an 211 emissions inventory; identify sources and pollutants of concern; Locate activity 211 data; Locate emission factors; and Estimate emissions. The second part of this 211 document provides a series of appendices that complement the main body. Each of 211 these appendices serve as a useful source of information for some aspect of 211 emissions inventory preparation and compilation. The appendices provide greater 211 detail for estimating emissions and preparing inventories than the main body.
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The current objective of the project ''Analysis of Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gases'' is to develop a study of emissions and emission sources that could easily be linked to models of economic activity. Initial studies were condu...
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The current objective of the project ''Analysis of Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gases'' is to develop a study of emissions and emission sources that could easily be linked to models of economic activity. Initial studies were conducted to evaluate data currently available linking activity rates and emissions estimates. The emissions inventory developed for the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program (NAPAP) presents one of the most comprehensive data sets, and was chosen for our initial studies, which are described in this report. Over 99% of the SO(sub 2) emissions, 98% of the NO(sub x) emission and 57% of the VOC emissions from area sources are related to fuel combustion. The majority of emission from these sources are generated by the transportation sector. Activity rates for area sources are not archived with the NAPAP inventory; alternative derivations of these data will be part of the future activities of this project. The availability and completeness of the fuel heat content data in the NAPAP inventory were also studied. Approximately 10% of the SO(sub 2) emissions, 13% of the NO(sub x) emissions and 46% of the VOC emissions are generated by sources with unavailable data for fuel heat content. Initial estimates of pollutant emission rate per unit fuel heat content. Initial estimates of pollutant emission rate per unit fuel heat content were generated. Future studies for this project include the derivation of activity rates for area sources, improved explanations for the default fuel parameters defined in the NAPAP inventory and the development of links to data bases of economic activity.
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