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Isopropyl t-butylphosphonofluoridate (EA 5928) denotes anorganophosphonofluoridate ester (R(OR')P(0)F, R = t-butyl and R' = isopropyl) than resembles the structure of sarin (R = methyl). The hydrolysis of EA 5928 has been investig...
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Isopropyl t-butylphosphonofluoridate (EA 5928) denotes anorganophosphonofluoridate ester (R(OR')P(0)F, R = t-butyl and R' = isopropyl) than resembles the structure of sarin (R = methyl). The hydrolysis of EA 5928 has been investigated with 31p NMR at 20 C and compared with sarin in buffer solutions at pH values of 4.0, 7.2, 9.2, and 10.0. The observed rate ratio of sarin to EA 2938 at pH 10 is 20,000. In addition, while sarin forms exclusively O-isopropyl methylphosphonic acid from displacement of the fluorine, EA 5928 hydrolyzes by parallel reaction paths: both O-isopropyl t-butylphosphonic acid and t-butyl phosphonofluoridic acid (displacement of the O-isopropyl group) are produced. Below a pH of 9, the latter product predominates.
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The current debate on whether the United States should increase its chemical warfare capability usually involves one or more of these questions: How can chemical warfare be deterred. How do U.S. and Soviet chemical warfare capabil...
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The current debate on whether the United States should increase its chemical warfare capability usually involves one or more of these questions: How can chemical warfare be deterred. How do U.S. and Soviet chemical warfare capabilities compare. How can the United States modernize its chemical warfare system. How will modernization affect the prospects for disarmament. GAO assessed the nature, extent, and quality of the information that is available for answering these questions. This is an unclassified report: its classified version is published under the number GAO/C-IPE-83-1.
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The threat of chemical and biological (C/B) weapons' use against coalition forces in Operation Desert Storm must be seen not as a one-time occurrence, but the first of many C/B threats the U.S. military will face. Throughout the w...
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The threat of chemical and biological (C/B) weapons' use against coalition forces in Operation Desert Storm must be seen not as a one-time occurrence, but the first of many C/B threats the U.S. military will face. Throughout the world, nations are still attempting to, or have in fact, produced C/B agents and means to employ them. This handbook will provide some answers and suggestions. Table of Contents: Nerve agents; Vesicants; Cyanide; Lung-damaging agents; Biological agents; Patient decontamination.
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This technical bulletin provides analytical techniques to identify toxic chemicalagents in urine or blood samples. It is intended to provide the clinician with laboratory tests to detect exposure to sulfur mustard, cholinesterase ...
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This technical bulletin provides analytical techniques to identify toxic chemicalagents in urine or blood samples. It is intended to provide the clinician with laboratory tests to detect exposure to sulfur mustard, cholinesterase inhibitors, sarin, soman, GF, and cyanide.
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Recent interest in the treatment of textiles for chemical and biological agent defense has led to the creation of materials that contain N- chloramide moieties. These materials have demonstrated efficacy against weaponizable bacte...
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Recent interest in the treatment of textiles for chemical and biological agent defense has led to the creation of materials that contain N- chloramide moieties. These materials have demonstrated efficacy against weaponizable bacteria, mustard, and VX, as well as possessing antimicrobial properties against nuisance organisms that cause conditions such as athlete's foot or molds. Here, N-chloramides have been attached to Nomex intended for use as self-decontaminating regenerable military textiles. The materials were assayed for content of active oxidizing agent, and tested for efficacy against 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide and Demeton-S, simulants for mustard and VX, respectively. The decomposition products for each reaction were identified as well as reaction pathways to form each by-product as correlated to analogous products of mustard and VX. Furthermore, the rate constant for the neutralization of each simulant on the reactive material was calculated from data collected by GC-MS and ATR-FTIR real-time studies.
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This May 2008 CBDP Annual Report to Congress (ARC) is provided in accordance with Title 50 U.S.C. 1523. It describes progress made by DoD to protect our nation and our allies from the threat or actual use of WMD, and outlines mana...
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This May 2008 CBDP Annual Report to Congress (ARC) is provided in accordance with Title 50 U.S.C. 1523. It describes progress made by DoD to protect our nation and our allies from the threat or actual use of WMD, and outlines management initiatives undertaken to identify and balance investment priorities against risks over time. In addition, the report: Outlines CBDP organizational structure, roles and responsibilities, oversight procedures, and program plans * Describes and assesses CBDP research, development, test, and evaluation (RDT&E) programs and infrastructure, and summarizes accomplishments * Reports CBDP equipment logistics postures * Presents an overview of CBRN defense, doctrine, training, exercises, leadership, and education.
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This report covers the evolution of chemical warfare agents from theirintroduction during World War I to the development of the more lethal agents that exist in current military stockpiles. The corresponding evolution of World War...
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This report covers the evolution of chemical warfare agents from theirintroduction during World War I to the development of the more lethal agents that exist in current military stockpiles. The corresponding evolution of World War I harassing agents into the riot control agents of today is also followed, and some historical background to the development of a nonlethal incapacitating agent is also described.
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Collateral effects experiments were conducted during the fiscal year 1996 in an effort of the Defense Special Weapons Agency's Collateral Effects Program to develop the capability to predict collateral effects from strikes on biol...
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Collateral effects experiments were conducted during the fiscal year 1996 in an effort of the Defense Special Weapons Agency's Collateral Effects Program to develop the capability to predict collateral effects from strikes on biological and chemical facilities. The results for five full-scale field events are summarized and analyzed.
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Third year progress in the development of a computerized database on selected chemical warfare agents is reported. A prototype database on agent GD (soman) was completed, followed by expansion to all G-agents and VX, with limited ...
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Third year progress in the development of a computerized database on selected chemical warfare agents is reported. A prototype database on agent GD (soman) was completed, followed by expansion to all G-agents and VX, with limited attention to lewisite and mustard compounds. Development of a software thesaurus was begun, with emphasis upon systems refinement, debugging, and documentation.
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