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The description of process evaluation techniques used by the Bureau of Mines for studying proposed processing techniques has been prepared to provide those interested in using these studies with an understanding of the methodology...
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The description of process evaluation techniques used by the Bureau of Mines for studying proposed processing techniques has been prepared to provide those interested in using these studies with an understanding of the methodology. The methods used for preparing both capital and operating cost estimates are described. Each step in preparing the evaluations is described. Types of equipment costs are shown, and factors used in the estimates are defined. Uses of the estimates are suggested, and several examples are included. The accuracy of various types of estimates is discussed, along with an explanation of the reason for selecting the type used in the Bureau's process evaluation studies.
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This report describes a method for estimating the benefits and costs of proposed changes in building codes. A companion report by the author, Estimating Benefits and Costs of Building Regulations: A Step-by-Step Guide, published b...
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This report describes a method for estimating the benefits and costs of proposed changes in building codes. A companion report by the author, Estimating Benefits and Costs of Building Regulations: A Step-by-Step Guide, published by the National Bureau of Standards as NBSIR 81-2223, provides a simplified description of the same basic method. This report shows the reader how to set up the problem, discount impacts to their present value, estimate code impacts on building costs, estimate effects on building safety, compute aggregate impacts, and conduct a sensitivity analysis. One chapter discusses the problem of assigning a dollar value to life safety. Worksheets and an extensive list of references, including sources of data on building costs and hazards, are included.
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It is important that a decision take into account all the relevant information whether or not this information lends itself to inclusion in formal analysis. All forms of analysis have their virtues and drawbacks. None can take int...
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It is important that a decision take into account all the relevant information whether or not this information lends itself to inclusion in formal analysis. All forms of analysis have their virtues and drawbacks. None can take into consideration or present all the information. A single cost-effectiveness calculation leaves out a great deal but it does emphasize the aspects that are usually the most important and of greatest interest to the decisionmaker. It gives excellent results provided the alternatives are reasonably similar and seek the ultimate goal through the same target so that their effectiveness in attaining that target can be measured on the same scale. Cost-benefit analysis can take into account many more aspects of a decision but it does so at the expense of emphasis and through a great deal of herioc quantification that is extremely arbitrary and, where values are concerned, is based on the judgment of the wrong people. Multiple cost-effectiveness calculations, including some that do not translate all costs into monetary units obviously go farther in taking things into account than the traditional single comparison that we often think of when we say cost-effectiveness analysis. It has the additional advantage that it not only forces the judgment on the right people but calls their attention to which judgments are needed.
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This paper, which also appears as an Appendix to the final Working Group 4 report, forms part of the overall economic evaluation of reprocessing. The indicative national position and illustrative ''phase diagram'' for France is pr...
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This paper, which also appears as an Appendix to the final Working Group 4 report, forms part of the overall economic evaluation of reprocessing. The indicative national position and illustrative ''phase diagram'' for France is presented. Three alternative scenarios have been chosen for the variation of uranium price in the future; a constant price of $ 40/lb U sub 3 O sub 8 , a 2% per annum price rise, a 2% per annum increase up to 1990, a jump of 50% in 1990 followed subsequently by a 5% per annum price rise. Taking into account the comprehensive planned R and D programme together with the conditions appertaining in France it is concluded that LMFBR and PWR generating costs will most probably break even during the period 1990-95. (Atomindex citation 11:545181)
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摘要 :
This paper, which also appears as an Appendix to the final Working Group 4 report, forms part of the overall economic assessment of reprocessing. The indicative national position and illustrative ''phase diagram'' for the United S...
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This paper, which also appears as an Appendix to the final Working Group 4 report, forms part of the overall economic assessment of reprocessing. The indicative national position and illustrative ''phase diagram'' for the United States is presented. The prospective costs of nuclear power are given for four equilibrium modes of LWR operation: once-through, 15% and 25% improved once-through and thermal recycle. For a particular representative choice of fuel cycle parameters the economic cross over at which thermal recycle becomes economic relative to a 15% improved once-through cycle is above 100/lb U sub 3 O sub 8 . Thus the US believes that for the next several decades there is no economic incentive for thermal recycle. As a planning guide the US considers that the fast reactor will not become commercialised in the US before the year 2020. (Atomindex citation 11:545186)
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The recommendations presented in the report reflect the view that environmental regulatory decisions should continue to take technical and economic considerations into account. The report also recommends that information such as t...
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The recommendations presented in the report reflect the view that environmental regulatory decisions should continue to take technical and economic considerations into account. The report also recommends that information such as that developed in Economic Impact Studies continue to be considered in regulatory deliberations whenever necessary and appropriate. However, these recommendations also take into account the fact that state pollution control regulation is more complex and demanding today than ever before, that regulation is a responsibility increasingly shared with the federal government, and that changes in Illinois regulatory procedures must be made. These recognitions argue for revision of policies and practices related to environmental research to ensure better conformity with the information requirements of effective regulation.
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This effort is provided as an aid in the preparation of an economic analysis. Information extracted from various sources identified in the references. Material and assistance were received from the US Army Armament, Munitions and ...
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This effort is provided as an aid in the preparation of an economic analysis. Information extracted from various sources identified in the references. Material and assistance were received from the US Army Armament, Munitions and Chemical Command. Contents are: Introduction, Documentation, Constant Dollars, Cost Analysis, Economic Life, Comparison and Ranking of Alternatives, Present Value of Money and Terminal Value.
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