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This study characterizes and assesses the appliances used in commercial buildings. The primary objectives of this study were to document the energy consumed by commercial appliances and identify research, development and demonstra...
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This study characterizes and assesses the appliances used in commercial buildings. The primary objectives of this study were to document the energy consumed by commercial appliances and identify research, development and demonstration (RD&D) opportunities for efficiency improvements, excluding product categories such as HVAC, building lighting, refrigeration equipment, and distributed generation systems. The study included equipment descriptions, characteristics of the equipment’s market, national energy consumption, estimates of technical potential for energy-saving technologies, and recommendations for U.S. Department of Energy programs that can promote energy savings in commercial appliances.
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This viewgraph presentation provides an overview of the latest complete set of International Space Station (ISS) cargo transportation requirements, and the infrastructure supporting transportation, such as cargo bags, and flight s...
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This viewgraph presentation provides an overview of the latest complete set of International Space Station (ISS) cargo transportation requirements, and the infrastructure supporting transportation, such as cargo bags, and flight support equipment. The aim of this presentation is also to give industry representatives the requirements for commercial support of the cargo handling operations for the ISS, and give the industry representatives an opportunity to exchange ideas.
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Brake and tire violations are common problems identified through commercial vehicle inspections. Identifying and correcting these types of problems before a crash occurs can produce significant safety benefits. Thermal imaging t...
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Brake and tire violations are common problems identified through commercial vehicle inspections. Identifying and correcting these types of problems before a crash occurs can produce significant safety benefits. Thermal imaging technology can be used by commercial vehicle enforcement to screen vehicles as they approach a weigh station to determine if they may have flat tires and inoperable brakes. The vehicles do not have to be stopped at a weigh station to be screened. Kentucky currently has three stations outfitted with thermal imaging technology. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the benefits of using the thermal imaging cameras to identify brake and tire problems and to develop recommendations for how enforcement personnel can receive the most benefits from this technology. The data presented in this report include: (1) a summary of previous research, (2) evaluations of the technology, (3) on-site data collection at a Kentucky weigh station, (4) an interview with one of Kentucky’s primary users of the technology, and (5) an analysis of Kentucky inspection data, specifically, brake and tire violations and vehicle out-of-service (OOS) rates. A Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) evaluation concluded that the OOS rate for vehicles pinpointed via thermal imaging camera systems was 59 percent, whereas the OOS rate for conventional inspection was only 19 percent. Facilities with a thermal imaging system recorded a higher percentage of tire and brake violations per inspection as well as a higher vehicle out-of-service (VOOS) rate than facilities without a thermal imaging camera. However, the effectiveness of thermal imaging technology was significantly influenced by whether law enforcement embraced it as well as by inspectors’ proficiency operating the systems. This study recommends that enforcement staff who can access thermal imaging technology receive periodic training on its operation, then graduate to a practicum that lets them use the technology under expert supervision. Promotional materials that highlight the value of thermal imaging technologies should be distributed to all Kentucky enforcement personnel. In addition, methods and enforcement mechanisms should be identified so that personnel can be held accountable for using the technology.
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The Office of Inspector General (OIG) issued reports on the Commercial Drivers License (CDL) Program in 2000, 2002, and 2006.2 The first report focused on the disqualification of commercial drivers, noting that out-of-state convic...
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The Office of Inspector General (OIG) issued reports on the Commercial Drivers License (CDL) Program in 2000, 2002, and 2006.2 The first report focused on the disqualification of commercial drivers, noting that out-of-state convictions were not transmitted to licensing states in a timely manner. This report also concluded that states did not disqualify commercial drivers, as required by law, and granted licenses to commercial drivers who posed a safety risk. The 2002 and 2006 reports focused predominantly on fraudulent licensing. Last year, as mentioned, we reported on the use of income derived from CDLIS for system modernization, as required by SAFETEA-LU. These reports contain recommendations to improve CDL program oversight. Congress found that one of the leading factors operating against commercial motor vehicle safety was the possession of multiple licenses by commercial drivers. Drivers with multiple licenses spread their traffic violations over a number of state licenses to maintain a good-driver rating, regardless of the number of violations they acquire in one or more states. In response to states concerns, the Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1986 (CMVSA) directed DOT to establish minimum standards for licensing, testing, qualification, and classification of commercial drivers. CMVSA also prohibited commercial drivers from possessing more than one commercial license. The goal of CMVSA was to improve highway safety by removing unsafe and unqualified drivers from the highways, including ensuring that drivers of large trucks and buses were qualified to operate those vehicles.
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Who are commercial sector customers, and how do they make decisions about energy consumption and energy efficiency investment. The energy policy field has not done a thorough job of describing energy consumption in the commercial ...
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Who are commercial sector customers, and how do they make decisions about energy consumption and energy efficiency investment. The energy policy field has not done a thorough job of describing energy consumption in the commercial sector. First, the discussion of the commercial sector itself is dominated by discussion of large businesses/buildings. Second, discussion of this portion of the commercial sectors consumption behavior is driven primarily by theory, with very little field data collected on the way commercial sector decision-makers describe their own options, choices, and reasons for taking action. These limitations artificially constrain energy policy options. This paper reviews the extant literature on commercial sector energy consumption behavior and identifies gaps in our knowledge. In particular, it argues that the primary energy policy model of commercial sector energy consumption is a top-down model that uses macro-level investment data to make conclusions about commercial behavior. Missing from the discussion is a model of consumption behavior that builds up to a theoretical framework informed by the micro-level data provided by commercial decision-makers themselves. Such a bottom-up model could enhance the effectiveness of commercial sector energy policy. In particular, translation of some behavioral models from the residential sector to the commercial sector may offer new opportunities for policies to change commercial energy consumption behavior. Utility bill consumption feedback is considered as one example of a policy option that may be applicable to both the residential and small commercial sector.
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The Expanded CVISN initiative builds on Core CVISN to continue to enhance the safety, security and productivity of commercial vehicle operations and to improve access to and quality of information about commercial vehicle operatio...
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The Expanded CVISN initiative builds on Core CVISN to continue to enhance the safety, security and productivity of commercial vehicle operations and to improve access to and quality of information about commercial vehicle operations for authorized public and private sector users. Through extensive outreach in 2004, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) engaged stakeholders to identify the capabilities necessary to achieve the goals of Expanded CVISN. FMCSA established a working group in each of four program areas: Driver Information Sharing; Enhanced Safety Information Sharing; Smart Roadside; and Expanded E-Credentialing.
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A method to systematically measure and analyze the end-use energy consumption of commercial buildings is summarized. To facilitate analysis at various levels, detailed protocols for sample design, measurement plan development, and...
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A method to systematically measure and analyze the end-use energy consumption of commercial buildings is summarized. To facilitate analysis at various levels, detailed protocols for sample design, measurement plan development, and building characteristics data collections were developed for a large scale end-use measurement program. The analysis levels include examinations of building sectors, individual buildings, tenants, and building use zones. The key to this capability lies in hierarchical measurement methods and application of an organized taxonomy. Data for an example building are presented to illustrate the data and the standard reports which are generated. Implications of this monitoring protocol for energy conservation and load management program evaluations are discussed. (ERA citation 12:049778)
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