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While this study deals with and presents a climatology of cirrus as observed from Oahu, its results will, with some modification, be useful on the Big Island and Maui. Satellite pictures indicate more cirrus cloudiness over the so...
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While this study deals with and presents a climatology of cirrus as observed from Oahu, its results will, with some modification, be useful on the Big Island and Maui. Satellite pictures indicate more cirrus cloudiness over the southern islands than over Oahu.
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This document catalogs Space Shuttle handheld Earth observations photographswhich were collected during the Space Transportation System 39 (STS-39) Mission of April 28 through May 6, 1991. The catalog includes the following data f...
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This document catalogs Space Shuttle handheld Earth observations photographswhich were collected during the Space Transportation System 39 (STS-39) Mission of April 28 through May 6, 1991. The catalog includes the following data for each of 3628 frames, 3396 of which are Earth looking: identification number, geographical name, feature description, latitude and longitude, percentage of cloud cover, tilt, lens focal length, exposure evaluation, stereopair availability, and orbit number.
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A method la desoribed which provides an estimate of the probability of cloud-free line-of-sight between any two levels at any angle to the horizon for locations having standard surface-observed cloud data. The method uses the mean...
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A method la desoribed which provides an estimate of the probability of cloud-free line-of-sight between any two levels at any angle to the horizon for locations having standard surface-observed cloud data. The method uses the mean cloud amount between the surface and each higher kilometer level to estimate the mean cloud amount at any level, the mean cloud amount above any level and the mean cloud amount between any two levels. Analyses of sunshine and total cloud cover by time of day provide a basis for estimating probability of cloud-free line-of-sight through the whole atmosphere as a function of mean total cloud cover and viewing angle. This relationship is used to estimate the probability of cloud-free line-of-sight at any angle between any two levels for which the mean cloudiness between the levels is known or estimated. Height vs. distance profiles of estimated probability of cloud-free line-of-sight can be prepared manually or by computer for any kilometer height reference levels.
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Satellite and surface data are used to analyze mesoscale and subsynoptic cloud and precipitation patterns. Digital GOES (Geostationary Operational Environment Satellite) visible and infrared data are used to produce high resolutio...
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Satellite and surface data are used to analyze mesoscale and subsynoptic cloud and precipitation patterns. Digital GOES (Geostationary Operational Environment Satellite) visible and infrared data are used to produce high resolution (4 n mi) satellite analyses of cloud amount, cloud type, cloud-top temperature and height, and precipitation intensity for an approximate 1600 x 1600 n mi area over the northeastern United States and the western North Atlantic Ocean. Conventional surface observations, the Automated Radar Summary chart and manual analysis of the imagery are used to evaluate the satellite-derived analyses for nine cases during the winger and spring 1985. The majority of cloud amount estimates for clear and overcast sky conditions are analyzed correctly; however, broken and scattered skies are underestimated. The general cloud type patterns are depicted accurately. More success occurs with uniform-textured clouds (i.e. nimbostraus, stratocumulus) and multi-layered clouds than with nonuniform-textured clouds (i.e. cirrus, cumulus). The majority of cloud-top temperature/height analyses are representative of the cloud types and patterns. Most atmospheric precipitation areas are identified correctly; however, the intensity of the precipitation is underestimated. Keywords: Cloud cover; and Thresholds.
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The DOE's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program employs both upward-211 and downward-looking remote-sensing instruments to measure the horizontal and 211 vertical distributions of clouds across its Southern Great Plains ...
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The DOE's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program employs both upward-211 and downward-looking remote-sensing instruments to measure the horizontal and 211 vertical distributions of clouds across its Southern Great Plains (SGP) site. No 211 single instrument is capable of completely determining these distributions over 211 the scales of interest to ARM's Single Column Modeling (SCM) and Instantaneous 211 Radiative Flux (IRF) groups; these groups embody the primary strategies through 211 which ARM expects to achieve its objectives of developing and testing cloud 211 formation (USDOE, 1996). Collectively, however, the data from ARM's cloud-211 detecting instruments offer the potential for such a three-dimensional 211 characterization. Data intercomparisons, like the ones illustrated here, are 211 steps in this direction. Specifically, they are valuable because they help: 211 provide a measure of uncertainty in ARM's measurement capabilities, calibrate 211 retrieval methods and refine algorithms and concepts. In the process, we are 211 forced to think of meaningful ways in which measurements from different 211 instruments can be compared and, perhaps, combined. While the ultimate goal of 211 this particular effort is to develop the ability to accurately characterize cloud 211 fields in three dimensions over time at the SGP site, along the way we will 211 address such questions as which source, or combination of cloud data sources, 211 offers a best estimate product and how can cloud observations be used to evaluate 211 the representation of clouds in numerical models. Examples of some initial 211 comparisons, involving satellite, millimeter cloud radar, whole sky imager and 211 ceilometer data, are provided herein.
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摘要 :
The DOE's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program employs both upward- and downward-looking remote-sensing instruments to measure the horizontal and vertical distributions of clouds across its Southern Great Plains (SGP) s...
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The DOE's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program employs both upward- and downward-looking remote-sensing instruments to measure the horizontal and vertical distributions of clouds across its Southern Great Plains (SGP) site. No single instrument is capable of completely determining these distributions over the scales of interest to ARM's Single Column Modeling (SCM) and Instantaneous Radiative Flux (IRF) groups; these groups embody the primary strategies through which ARM expects to achieve its objectives of developing and testing cloud formation (USDOE, 1996). Collectively, however, the data from ARM's cloud-detecting instruments offer the potential for such a three-dimensional characterization. Data intercomparisons, like the ones illustrated here, are steps in this direction. Specifically, they are valuable because they help: provide a measure of uncertainty in ARM's measurement capabilities, calibrate retrieval methods and refine algorithms and concepts. In the process, we are forced to think of meaningful ways in which measurements from different instruments can be compared and, perhaps, combined. While the ultimate goal of this particular effort is to develop the ability to accurately characterize cloud fields in three dimensions over time at the SGP site, along the way we will address such questions as which source, or combination of cloud data sources, offers a best estimate product and how can cloud observations be used to evaluate the representation of clouds in numerical models. Examples of some initial comparisons, involving satellite, millimeter cloud radar, whole sky imager and ceilometer data, are provided herein.
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The objective of this task is to provide the UAV-BPI IRST development effort with a utility for producing cloud scenes for use in the Synthetic Scene Generation Model (SSGM). As currently configured, SSGM comes with only a handful...
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The objective of this task is to provide the UAV-BPI IRST development effort with a utility for producing cloud scenes for use in the Synthetic Scene Generation Model (SSGM). As currently configured, SSGM comes with only a handful of cloud scenes, which are not necessarily adequate to fully represent the range of cloud conditions in the theaters of interest. The cloud generation utility produced under this effort utilizes historical cloud coverage data for the regions of interest to produce cloud scenes representative of the location and time of year.
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