摘要 :
The developed industries are heading toward the success path, where every industry researches and develops new gadgets to make day-to-day life more reliable and accessible. It can also be said that changes and developments in life...
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The developed industries are heading toward the success path, where every industry researches and develops new gadgets to make day-to-day life more reliable and accessible. It can also be said that changes and developments in life bring positive merits with some negative merits too. Similarly, observing the automotive industry, it can be easily noticed how hard these industries have worked for a long time. Bringing the internal combustion engine to market and efficiently using available fuel was a good achievement. However, due to the increase in air and noise pollution rate from internal combustion engine vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles were developed by using both conventional fuel and electricity, which has drastically decreased air and noise pollution but could not reduce it to zero. So, after hybrid electric vehicles, electric vehicles are developed which are working on batteries. The main merits points of electric vehicles are that it doesn't cause any harm to the environment, have less maintenance cost, and have high reliability. The de-merits are chances of battery failure or cells used, which leads to fire hazards. As it's not easy to handle batteries if it fails, and the results can be dangerous. This paper will define the basic idea of what a battery is, the types of batteries, how batteries fail, the consequences of the battery failure, and the battery management system and thermal protection method. The battery management system is simulated in MATLAB to take care of the battery for complete protection as it will protect the battery from overvoltage, undervoltage, and temperature rise.
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摘要 :
Within electric and hybrid vehicles, batteries are used to provide/buffer the energy required for driving. However, battery performance varies throughout the temperature range specific to automotive applications, and as such, mode...
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Within electric and hybrid vehicles, batteries are used to provide/buffer the energy required for driving. However, battery performance varies throughout the temperature range specific to automotive applications, and as such, models that describe this behaviour are required. This paper presents a dynamic battery model describing the battery voltage based on current and temperature. A model identification method is presented and validation tests are performed. The results show that when temperature influences are included in the models, a significant increase in performance can be achieved. Modelling errors lower that 5% are achieved for validation tests conducted at −10°C, 0°C and 10°C, whereas the models that do not consider temperature show errors up to 10%.
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摘要 :
Within electric and hybrid vehicles, batteries are used to provide/buffer the energy required for driving. However, battery performance varies throughout the temperature range specific to automotive applications, and as such, mode...
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Within electric and hybrid vehicles, batteries are used to provide/buffer the energy required for driving. However, battery performance varies throughout the temperature range specific to automotive applications, and as such, models that describe this behaviour are required. This paper presents a dynamic battery model describing the battery voltage based on current and temperature. A model identification method is presented and validation tests are performed. The results show that when temperature influences are included in the models, a significant increase in performance can be achieved. Modelling errors lower that 5% are achieved for validation tests conducted at −10°C, 0°C and 10°C, whereas the models that do not consider temperature show errors up to 10%.
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摘要 :
Rechargeable batteries are omnipresent and will be used more and more, for instance for wearables devices, electric vehicles or domestic energy storage. However, batteries can deliver power only for a limited time span. They slowl...
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Rechargeable batteries are omnipresent and will be used more and more, for instance for wearables devices, electric vehicles or domestic energy storage. However, batteries can deliver power only for a limited time span. They slowly degrade with every charge-discharge cycle. This degradation needs to be taken into account when considering the battery in long lasting applications. Some detailed models that describe battery degradation processes do exist, however, these are complex models and require detailed knowledge of many (physical) parameters. Furthermore, these models are in general computationally intensive, thus rendering them less suitable for use in larger system-wide models. A model better suited for this purpose is the so-called Kinetic Battery Model. In this paper, we explore how this model could be enhanced to also cope with battery degradation, and with charging. Up till now, battery degradation nor battery charging has been addressed in this context. Using an experimental set-up, we explore how the KiBaM can be used and extended for these purposes as well, thus allowing for better integrated modeling studies.
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摘要 :
Rechargeable batteries are omnipresent and will be used more and more, for instance for wearables devices, electric vehicles or domestic energy storage. However, batteries can deliver power only for a limited time span. They slowl...
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Rechargeable batteries are omnipresent and will be used more and more, for instance for wearables devices, electric vehicles or domestic energy storage. However, batteries can deliver power only for a limited time span. They slowly degrade with every charge-discharge cycle. This degradation needs to be taken into account when considering the battery in long lasting applications. Some detailed models that describe battery degradation processes do exist, however, these are complex models and require detailed knowledge of many (physical) parameters. Furthermore, these models are in general computationally intensive, thus rendering them less suitable for use in larger system-wide models. A model better suited for this purpose is the so-called Kinetic Battery Model. In this paper, we explore how this model could be enhanced to also cope with battery degradation, and with charging. Up till now, battery degradation nor battery charging has been addressed in this context. Using an experimental set-up, we explore how the KiBaM can be used and extended for these purposes as well, thus allowing for better integrated modeling studies.
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摘要 :
For the application of printed electrical power a primary battery approach has been developed and manufactured employing screen printing technology. The voltage and power requirements are defined by the intended sensor application.
摘要 :
For the application of printed electrical power a primary battery approach has been developed and manufactured employing screen printing technology. The voltage and power requirements are defined by the intended sensor application.
摘要 :
Multiple battery technologies are currently being utilized in DOD applications for missiles, guided bombs, projectiles, and kill vehicles. Primary, secondary, and reserve are the three main technology types with reserve batteries ...
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Multiple battery technologies are currently being utilized in DOD applications for missiles, guided bombs, projectiles, and kill vehicles. Primary, secondary, and reserve are the three main technology types with reserve batteries being the most commonly used for missile applications. The reserve technologies that will be discussed include thermal, silver/zinc, and oxyhalide. Primary batteries that utilize commercially available active cells to power electronics for telemetry, tracking, and flight termination are detailed. Finally, secondary or rechargeable batteries, used to power electronics on UA Vs and directed energy weapons will be discussed.
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摘要 :
This paper presents a novel approach for enhancing battery power management system features. The flexibility of the system arises from an innovative user programmable and reconfigurable multi-battery configuration, called the Batt...
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This paper presents a novel approach for enhancing battery power management system features. The flexibility of the system arises from an innovative user programmable and reconfigurable multi-battery configuration, called the Battery Switch Array Matrix. This matrix connects N batteries in a user-specified configuration to enable charging, discharging, capacity modification, status reporting, and fault tolerance. Using this controllability, up to an N battery can be connected, for example, in series to provide maximum output voltage, in parallel to provide maximum capacity output, or in series-parallel configuration to provide an output with a voltage to capacity ratio. The matrix uses a common, small embedded microprocessor. Prototypes of the battery power management system have been built on appropriate scales to test the system for LIPON batteries developed by Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology. Laboratory experiments and test results are presented in this paper.
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摘要 :
This paper presents a novel approach for enhancing battery power management system features. The flexibility of the system arises from an innovative user programmable and reconfigurable multi-battery configuration, called the Batt...
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This paper presents a novel approach for enhancing battery power management system features. The flexibility of the system arises from an innovative user programmable and reconfigurable multi-battery configuration, called the Battery Switch Array Matrix. This matrix connects N batteries in a user-specified configuration to enable charging, discharging, capacity modification, status reporting, and fault tolerance. Using this controllability, up to an N battery can be connected, for example, in series to provide maximum output voltage, in parallel to provide maximum capacity output, or in series-parallel configuration to provide an output with a voltage to capacity ratio. The matrix uses a common, small embedded microprocessor. Prototypes of the battery power management system have been built on appropriate scales to test the system for LIPON batteries developed by Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology. Laboratory experiments and test results are presented in this paper.
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