摘要 :
A number of lens antennas with single-dielectric phase-correcting Fresnel zone plate (FZP) lenses have been designed and studied numerically at microwave and terahertz frequencies, and contrasted to a similar in size and parameter...
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A number of lens antennas with single-dielectric phase-correcting Fresnel zone plate (FZP) lenses have been designed and studied numerically at microwave and terahertz frequencies, and contrasted to a similar in size and parameters ordinary refractive lens antenna. In a confined frequency band the terahertz grooved-dielectric FZP lenses/antennas with four or more phase-correction steps have gain, beamwidth, cross-polar isolation and input-mismatch comparable to those of the corresponding ordinary lens antenna. An examined 1.5-THz FZP lens antenna designed according to the here-proposed correction in FZP design equation can prevail in gain the ordinary lens antenna, but this finding is not valid for the examined 38-GHz (microwave) FZP lens antenna. Thus, the terahertz FZP lenses are thinner, lighter and effective options to the similar in diameter, focal length and building material ordinary lens for lens antennas construction.
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摘要 :
A number of lens antennas with single-dielectric phase-correcting Fresnel zone plate (FZP) lenses have been designed and studied numerically at microwave and terahertz frequencies, and contrasted to a similar in size and parameter...
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A number of lens antennas with single-dielectric phase-correcting Fresnel zone plate (FZP) lenses have been designed and studied numerically at microwave and terahertz frequencies, and contrasted to a similar in size and parameters ordinary refractive lens antenna. In a confined frequency band the terahertz grooved-dielectric FZP lenses/antennas with four or more phase-correction steps have gain, beamwidth, cross-polar isolation and input-mismatch comparable to those of the corresponding ordinary lens antenna. An examined 1.5-THz FZP lens antenna designed according to the here-proposed correction in FZP design equation can prevail in gain the ordinary lens antenna, but this finding is not valid for the examined 38-GHz (microwave) FZP lens antenna. Thus, the terahertz FZP lenses are thinner, lighter and effective options to the similar in diameter, focal length and building material ordinary lens for lens antennas construction.
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摘要 :
We present two miniature all plastic megapixel panomorph lenses for consumer electronics (total track length (TTL) of 6.56 mm) and mobile devices (TTL of 3.80 mm) showing the unique challenges from specification, design, manufactu...
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We present two miniature all plastic megapixel panomorph lenses for consumer electronics (total track length (TTL) of 6.56 mm) and mobile devices (TTL of 3.80 mm) showing the unique challenges from specification, design, manufacturing and testing phases of these new generation of miniature 180° FoV wide-angle lenses.
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摘要 :
We present two miniature all plastic megapixel panomorph lenses for consumer electronics (total track length (TTL) of 6.56 mm) and mobile devices (TTL of 3.80 mm) showing the unique challenges from specification, design, manufactu...
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We present two miniature all plastic megapixel panomorph lenses for consumer electronics (total track length (TTL) of 6.56 mm) and mobile devices (TTL of 3.80 mm) showing the unique challenges from specification, design, manufacturing and testing phases of these new generation of miniature 180° FoV wide-angle lenses.
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摘要 :
In 2014, miniature camera modules are applied to a variety of applications such as webcam, mobile phone, automotive, endoscope, tablets, portable computers and many other products. Mobile phone cameras are probably one of the most...
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In 2014, miniature camera modules are applied to a variety of applications such as webcam, mobile phone, automotive, endoscope, tablets, portable computers and many other products. Mobile phone cameras are probably one of the most challenging parts due to the need for smaller and smaller total track length (TTL) and optimized embedded image processing algorithms. As the technology is developing, higher resolution and higher image quality, new capabilities are required to fulfil the market needs. Consequently, the lens system becomes more complex and requires more optical elements and/or new optical elements. What is the limit? How small an injection molded lens can be? We will discuss those questions by comparing two wide angle lenses for consumer electronic market. The first lens is a 6.56 mm (TTL) panoramic (180° FOV) lens built in 2012. The second is a more recent (2014) panoramic lens (180° FOV) with a TTL of 3.80 mm for mobile phone camera. Both optics are panomorph lenses used with megapixel sensors. Between 2012 and 2014, the development in design and plastic injection molding allowed a reduction of the TTL by more than 40%. This TTL reduction has been achieved by pushing the lens design to the extreme (edge/central air and material thicknesses as well as lens shape). This was also possible due to a better control of the injection molding process and material (low birefringence, haze and thermal stability). These aspects will be presented and discussed. During the next few years, we don't know if new material will come or new process but we will still need innovative people and industries to push again the limits.
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摘要 :
In 2014, miniature camera modules are applied to a variety of applications such as webcam, mobile phone, automotive, endoscope, tablets, portable computers and many other products. Mobile phone cameras are probably one of the most...
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In 2014, miniature camera modules are applied to a variety of applications such as webcam, mobile phone, automotive, endoscope, tablets, portable computers and many other products. Mobile phone cameras are probably one of the most challenging parts due to the need for smaller and smaller total track length (TTL) and optimized embedded image processing algorithms. As the technology is developing, higher resolution and higher image quality, new capabilities are required to fulfil the market needs. Consequently, the lens system becomes more complex and requires more optical elements and/or new optical elements. What is the limit? How small an injection molded lens can be? We will discuss those questions by comparing two wide angle lenses for consumer electronic market. The first lens is a 6.56 mm (TTL) panoramic (180° FOV) lens built in 2012. The second is a more recent (2014) panoramic lens (180° FOV) with a TTL of 3.80 mm for mobile phone camera. Both optics are panomorph lenses used with megapixel sensors. Between 2012 and 2014, the development in design and plastic injection molding allowed a reduction of the TTL by more than 40%. This TTL reduction has been achieved by pushing the lens design to the extreme (edge/central air and material thicknesses as well as lens shape). This was also possible due to a better control of the injection molding process and material (low birefringence, haze and thermal stability). These aspects will be presented and discussed. During the next few years, we don't know if new material will come or new process but we will still need innovative people and industries to push again the limits.
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摘要 :
There is a great demand today for ever-smaller low-cost zoom lenses for digital cameras. To meet this demand, we have been realizing some compact zoom lenses by using plastic lens elements. Nowadays, plastic lens elements produced...
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There is a great demand today for ever-smaller low-cost zoom lenses for digital cameras. To meet this demand, we have been realizing some compact zoom lenses by using plastic lens elements. Nowadays, plastic lens elements produced by injection molding are widely used in zoom lenses for digital cameras because of their suitability for volume production and ease of forming aspherical surfaces. Although using plastic lens elements in digital camera zoom lenses has its advantages mentioned above, there are some difficulties to be overcome for using plastic lens elements, such as an elevated sensitivity to the temperature change and the non existence of high-refraction materials. In this paper, we show some examples of commercialized digital camera zoom lens optical designs employing plastic lens elements such as a) retractable 3x zoom lens for digital still cameras and, b) 3x zoom lens using a right angle prism for digital still cameras and c) 25x zoom lens for digital camcorders in which benefits of plastic lens elements are effectively exploited and drawbacks of the material are well overcome.
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摘要 :
There is a great demand today for ever-smaller low-cost zoom lenses for digital cameras. To meet this demand, we have been realizing some compact zoom lenses by using plastic lens elements. Nowadays, plastic lens elements produced...
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There is a great demand today for ever-smaller low-cost zoom lenses for digital cameras. To meet this demand, we have been realizing some compact zoom lenses by using plastic lens elements. Nowadays, plastic lens elements produced by injection molding are widely used in zoom lenses for digital cameras because of their suitability for volume production and ease of forming aspherical surfaces. Although using plastic lens elements in digital camera zoom lenses has its advantages mentioned above, there are some difficulties to be overcome for using plastic lens elements, such as an elevated sensitivity to the temperature change and the non existence of high-refraction materials. In this paper, we show some examples of commercialized digital camera zoom lens optical designs employing plastic lens elements such as a) retractable 3x zoom lens for digital still cameras and, b) 3x zoom lens using a right angle prism for digital still cameras and c) 25x zoom lens for digital camcorders in which benefits of plastic lens elements are effectively exploited and drawbacks of the material are well overcome.
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摘要 :
There is a great demand today for ever-smaller low-cost zoom lenses for digital cameras. To meet this demand, we have been realizing some compact zoom lenses by using plastic lens elements. Nowadays, plastic lens elements produced...
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There is a great demand today for ever-smaller low-cost zoom lenses for digital cameras. To meet this demand, we have been realizing some compact zoom lenses by using plastic lens elements. Nowadays, plastic lens elements produced by injection molding are widely used in zoom lenses for digital cameras because of their suitability for volume production and ease of forming aspherical surfaces. Although using plastic lens elements in digital camera zoom lenses has its advantages mentioned above, there are some difficulties to be overcome for using plastic lens elements, such as an elevated sensitivity to the temperature change and the non existence of high-refraction materials. In this paper, we show some examples of commercialized digital camera zoom lens optical designs employing plastic lens elements such as a) retractable 3x zoom lens for digital still cameras and, b) 3x zoom lens using a right angle prism for digital still cameras and c) 25x zoom lens for digital camcorders in which benefits of plastic lens elements are effectively exploited and drawbacks of the material are well overcome.
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摘要 :
Optimization of a mobile imaging lens, which is for 5-megapixel, 1.4μm, CMOS image sensor, with multiple configurations to reduce flare is presented. The most severe flare, which could cause artifacts such as "purple flare" in im...
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Optimization of a mobile imaging lens, which is for 5-megapixel, 1.4μm, CMOS image sensor, with multiple configurations to reduce flare is presented. The most severe flare, which could cause artifacts such as "purple flare" in images, is due to totally internal reflection (TIR) from optical surfaces in a mobile phone camera lens. We illustrate how to optimize the lens for good performance and manufacturable tolerances to reduce flare due to TIR. The MTF, distortion, relative illumination, lateral color, cumulative probability function for lens with tolerances and flare amount is shown for the starting lens. An optimization method for lens design to reduce TIR flare is proposed and described. The resulting optimized lens performance, tolerances and flare are compared with that of the starting lens.
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