摘要 :
Thermoplastic fluoropolymers offer long term reliability in challenging applications in the Oil & Gas Industry where high temperature performance, chemical resistance, excellent electrical insulation, chemical permeation resistance, toughness and flexibility even at arctic temperatures are required. Fluoropolymers combine all these properties and are therefore ideally suited for Exploration & Production components to be used in very harsh and highly corrosive environments. Solvay Solexis offer a family of melt processable fluoropolymers that include SOLEF? and HYLAR? PVDF, HALAR? ECTFE, HYFLON? PFA. Typical applications in Oil & Gas are flexible risers and static flowlines, reinforced pipes, umbilicals for chemical injection, electro-mechanical cable encapsulation, corrosion protective linings and coatings. This paper presents an overview of the key performances of fluoropolymers related to the most common corrosion issues in Oil & Gas applications, in particular in terms of resistance to chemical attack, swelling and permeation, both in extraction and in refinery. A brief overview of the typical applications for fluoropolymers is provided along with a description of their main benefits vs. other technical solutions....
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Thermoplastic fluoropolymers offer long term reliability in challenging applications in the Oil & Gas Industry where high temperature performance, chemical resistance, excellent electrical insulation, chemical permeation resistance, toughness and flexibility even at arctic temperatures are required. Fluoropolymers combine all these properties and are therefore ideally suited for Exploration & Production components to be used in very harsh and highly corrosive environments. Solvay Solexis offer a family of melt processable fluoropolymers that include SOLEF? and HYLAR? PVDF, HALAR? ECTFE, HYFLON? PFA. Typical applications in Oil & Gas are flexible risers and static flowlines, reinforced pipes, umbilicals for chemical injection, electro-mechanical cable encapsulation, corrosion protective linings and coatings. This paper presents an overview of the key performances of fluoropolymers related to the most common corrosion issues in Oil & Gas applications, in particular in terms of resistance to chemical attack, swelling and permeation, both in extraction and in refinery. A brief overview of the typical applications for fluoropolymers is provided along with a description of their main benefits vs. other technical solutions.
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摘要 :
Thermoplastic fluoropolymers offer long term reliability in challenging applications in the Oil & Gas
Industry where high temperature performance, chemical resistance, excellent electrical insulation,
chemical permeation resistance, toughness and flexibility even at arctic temperatures are required.
Fluoropolymers combine all these properties and are therefore ideally suited for Exploration &
Production components to be used in very harsh and highly corrosive environments.
Solvay Solexis offer a family of melt processable fluoropolymers that include SOLEF? and
HYLAR? PVDF, HALAR? ECTFE, HYFLON? PFA.
Typical applications in Oil & Gas are flexible risers and static flowlines, reinforced pipes, umbilicals
for chemical injection, electro-mechanical cable encapsulation, corrosion protective linings and
coatings.
This paper presents an overview of the key performances of fluoropolymers related to the most
common corrosion issues in Oil & Gas applications, in particular in terms of resistance to chemical
attack, swelling and permeation, both in extraction and in refinery. A brief overview of the typical
applications for fluoropolymers is provided along with a description of their main benefits vs. other
technical solutions....
展开
Thermoplastic fluoropolymers offer long term reliability in challenging applications in the Oil & Gas
Industry where high temperature performance, chemical resistance, excellent electrical insulation,
chemical permeation resistance, toughness and flexibility even at arctic temperatures are required.
Fluoropolymers combine all these properties and are therefore ideally suited for Exploration &
Production components to be used in very harsh and highly corrosive environments.
Solvay Solexis offer a family of melt processable fluoropolymers that include SOLEF? and
HYLAR? PVDF, HALAR? ECTFE, HYFLON? PFA.
Typical applications in Oil & Gas are flexible risers and static flowlines, reinforced pipes, umbilicals
for chemical injection, electro-mechanical cable encapsulation, corrosion protective linings and
coatings.
This paper presents an overview of the key performances of fluoropolymers related to the most
common corrosion issues in Oil & Gas applications, in particular in terms of resistance to chemical
attack, swelling and permeation, both in extraction and in refinery. A brief overview of the typical
applications for fluoropolymers is provided along with a description of their main benefits vs. other
technical solutions.
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摘要 :
2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-bromdiphenyl ether (BDE-209) solutions were irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) and electron beams. Organic compounds were fully removed by each type of radiation. The absorbed energy of the ionizing radiatio...
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2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-bromdiphenyl ether (BDE-209) solutions were irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) and electron beams. Organic compounds were fully removed by each type of radiation. The absorbed energy of the ionizing radiation (electron beams) needed for removal was much lower than that of UV photocatalysis. BDE-209 removal using the ionizing radiation was accelerated drastically by dosage. It is suggested that pH value of solution affect the decomposition rates. Radiolysis with the high pH value showed consistently high rate and high efficiency of BDE-209 removal.
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摘要 :
2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-bromdiphenyl ether (BDE-209) solutions were irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) and electron beams. Organic compounds were fully removed by each type of radiation. The absorbed energy of the ionizing radiatio...
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2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'-bromdiphenyl ether (BDE-209) solutions were irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) and electron beams. Organic compounds were fully removed by each type of radiation. The absorbed energy of the ionizing radiation (electron beams) needed for removal was much lower than that of UV photocatalysis. BDE-209 removal using the ionizing radiation was accelerated drastically by dosage. It is suggested that pH value of solution affect the decomposition rates. Radiolysis with the high pH value showed consistently high rate and high efficiency of BDE-209 removal.
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摘要 :
The LZW is an effective and adaptive data compression algorithm, but during the encoding process, the entries in the dictionary would store characters that have been stored leading to waste memory resources, so this paper presents...
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The LZW is an effective and adaptive data compression algorithm, but during the encoding process, the entries in the dictionary would store characters that have been stored leading to waste memory resources, so this paper presents a improved algorithm for LZW compression algorithm. On the one hand, the content of the source file is transformed into '0' '1' character string; on the other hand, adopting binary tree structure to store the entries of the dictionary. There are some simulation experiments for different sizes files, the results show that the improved LZW algorithm overcomes effectively the shortcoming in dictionary storage structure of the original algorithm.
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摘要 :
The LZW is an effective and adaptive data compression algorithm, but during the encoding process, the entries in the dictionary would store characters that have been stored leading to waste memory resources, so this paper presents...
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The LZW is an effective and adaptive data compression algorithm, but during the encoding process, the entries in the dictionary would store characters that have been stored leading to waste memory resources, so this paper presents a improved algorithm for LZW compression algorithm. On the one hand, the content of the source file is transformed into '0' '1' character string; on the other hand, adopting binary tree structure to store the entries of the dictionary. There are some simulation experiments for different sizes files, the results show that the improved LZW algorithm overcomes effectively the shortcoming in dictionary storage structure of the original algorithm.
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摘要 :
The final intermediate in the Shipp synthesis of HNS from TNT, α-chloro-2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexanitrobibenzyl, has been extracted and characterised by NMR spectroscopy, chlorine elemental analysis and HPLC. It has also been shown that...
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The final intermediate in the Shipp synthesis of HNS from TNT, α-chloro-2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexanitrobibenzyl, has been extracted and characterised by NMR spectroscopy, chlorine elemental analysis and HPLC. It has also been shown that digestion in NMP of HNS containing α-chloro-2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexanitrobibenzyl, generates another chlorine-containing by-product, 2-chloro-2',4,4',6,6'-pentanitrostilbene. This too has been characterised by NMR spectroscopy, chlorine elemental analysis and HPLC.
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摘要 :
The final intermediate in the Shipp synthesis of HNS from TNT, α-chloro-2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexanitrobibenzyl, has been extracted and characterised by NMR spectroscopy, chlorine elemental analysis and HPLC. It has also been shown that...
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The final intermediate in the Shipp synthesis of HNS from TNT, α-chloro-2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexanitrobibenzyl, has been extracted and characterised by NMR spectroscopy, chlorine elemental analysis and HPLC. It has also been shown that digestion in NMP of HNS containing α-chloro-2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexanitrobibenzyl, generates another chlorine-containing by-product, 2-chloro-2',4,4',6,6'-pentanitrostilbene. This too has been characterised by NMR spectroscopy, chlorine elemental analysis and HPLC.
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摘要 :
A comprehensive understanding of the complex physical and chemical process involved in the dissociation process of energetic materials is essential for laser initiation. In this paper, experimental investigations were carried on t...
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A comprehensive understanding of the complex physical and chemical process involved in the dissociation process of energetic materials is essential for laser initiation. In this paper, experimental investigations were carried on to reveal the dissociation mechanism of 2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexanitrostilbene (HNS) under 1064nm excitation. The positive and negative ions produced in the laser-induced dissociation processes were detected by a time of flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) in vacuum (4×10~(-4) Pa). By analyzing the molecular structure of HNS and mass to charge ratio (m/z), possible attributions of different ions were obtained. For the negative ions, the dominant peak appeared at m/z=26, 42, 50, 74, 100 and 136, which corresponded to CN, CH_2N_2/C_2H_2O/CNO, CHCCHC, C_6H_2, C_6H_2CN and C_6H_2ONO_2. For the positive ions, the main peaks could be found at m/z= 24, 28, and 40, these peaks could be ascribed to C_2, CO/N_2/CH_2N and CH_2CN. The intensity of the ion fragments increased gradually with the increasing of laser fluence. The relationship between the ion intensity and the delay time was also revealed. The results might give some help for the further understanding of the laser initiation process of HNS.
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摘要 :
A comprehensive understanding of the complex physical and chemical process involved in the dissociation process of energetic materials is essential for laser initiation. In this paper, experimental investigations were carried on t...
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A comprehensive understanding of the complex physical and chemical process involved in the dissociation process of energetic materials is essential for laser initiation. In this paper, experimental investigations were carried on to reveal the dissociation mechanism of 2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexanitrostilbene (HNS) under 1064nm excitation. The positive and negative ions produced in the laser-induced dissociation processes were detected by a time of flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS) in vacuum (4×10~(-4) Pa). By analyzing the molecular structure of HNS and mass to charge ratio (m/z), possible attributions of different ions were obtained. For the negative ions, the dominant peak appeared at m/z=26, 42, 50, 74, 100 and 136, which corresponded to CN, CH_2N_2/C_2H_2O/CNO, CHCCHC, C_6H_2, C_6H_2CN and C_6H_2ONO_2. For the positive ions, the main peaks could be found at m/z= 24, 28, and 40, these peaks could be ascribed to C_2, CO/N_2/CH_2N and CH_2CN. The intensity of the ion fragments increased gradually with the increasing of laser fluence. The relationship between the ion intensity and the delay time was also revealed. The results might give some help for the further understanding of the laser initiation process of HNS.
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