摘要 :
The open-source eCos (Embedded Configurable Operating System) is ideal for deeply embedded systems in which memory resources and real-time execution constraints are top design issues. The system supports a range of development pla...
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The open-source eCos (Embedded Configurable Operating System) is ideal for deeply embedded systems in which memory resources and real-time execution constraints are top design issues. The system supports a range of development platforms—from standard PCs to PDAs—using many of the most popular embedded processors. Comprehensive device drivers, supported platforms, and third-party software offerings make eCos ideal for any embedded device. The royalty-free eCos RTOS, a good choice for embedded applications, supports Gnu open-source development tools, and, because eCos is open-source you can download and test eCos for free (Reference 1). A new release, Version 2.0, is due out in the coming months. You can find the latest information about new ports for eCos and other related information on the eCos Web site.
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This paper presents a comparison between Free RTOS and Bare Metal tasks execution. Now such a comparison allows us to understand the significance of having two different open-source entities for microcontrollers and microprocessor...
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This paper presents a comparison between Free RTOS and Bare Metal tasks execution. Now such a comparison allows us to understand the significance of having two different open-source entities for microcontrollers and microprocessors. Such comparison plays an essential role to understand the performance and functionality of the controllers as per requirements. Such significance requires a setup having a microcontroller or microprocessor, to achieve this a prototype of a Fire-Fighting Car performing multiple-tasks using FreeRTOS and Bare Metal.
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摘要 :
If you’re basing your selection of a
real-time operating system (RTOS)
solely on initial cost, then you may
be in for a rude awakening.
Engineers who select an
embedded RTOS simply because
its free can end up spending more
...
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If you’re basing your selection of a
real-time operating system (RTOS)
solely on initial cost, then you may
be in for a rude awakening.
Engineers who select an
embedded RTOS simply because
its free can end up spending more
money in the long run, contends
Jacob Beningo, an embedded
software consultant at the
Beningo Embedded Group.
Moreover, they can fail
certifications and end up having
security issues.
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This paper investigates a new class of modifier-adaptation schemes to overcome plant-model mismatch in real-time optimization of uncertain processes. The main contribution lies in the integration of concepts from the fields of Bay...
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This paper investigates a new class of modifier-adaptation schemes to overcome plant-model mismatch in real-time optimization of uncertain processes. The main contribution lies in the integration of concepts from the fields of Bayesian optimization and derivative-free optimization. The proposed schemes embed a physical model and rely on trust-region ideas to minimize risk during the exploration, while employing Gaussian process regression to capture the plant-model mismatch in a non-parametric way and drive the exploration by means of acquisition functions. The benefits of using an acquisition function, knowing the process noise level, or specifying a nominal process model are analyzed on numerical case studies, including a semi-batch photobioreactor optimization problem with a dozen decision variables.
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The American Petroleum Institute (API) had some remarks to offer in the FERC's Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NOPR) (RM16-5) proceeding regarding "Caps in Markets Operated by Regional Transmission Organizations and Independent Sys...
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The American Petroleum Institute (API) had some remarks to offer in the FERC's Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NOPR) (RM16-5) proceeding regarding "Caps in Markets Operated by Regional Transmission Organizations and Independent System Operators." API addressed selected topics in the NOPR but reserved the right to comment on remaining issues. The group of major oil/natural gas producers and marketers (and other industry segments) also stressed that their comments are meant to apply generally to all RTOs and ISOs under FERC jurisdiction. API, in short, believes the focus of the recommendations is too narrow. It seems to be aimed at alleviating only one of the market failure concerns outlined by Duke Energy and Old Dominion Electric Cooperative (ODEC), about their inability to recover costs incurred during January/February 2014 when they were required to run at below-cost, due to fuel price spikes. While the proposed tailored solution in that case (a $1000/MWh cap) would theoretically prevent this from happening again, API argued, "it fails to align with cost- causation principles and address the market distortion issues associated with imposing an artificially low price cap on wholesale energy markets."
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This paper presents an experimental study on a real-time embedded system of a decoupled PIDF (Proportional Integral, Derivative with Filter) digital control architecture for robotic input delay servomechanisms. The test bench incl...
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This paper presents an experimental study on a real-time embedded system of a decoupled PIDF (Proportional Integral, Derivative with Filter) digital control architecture for robotic input delay servomechanisms. The test bench includes an Arduino Uno board integrating a specific microcontroller, a robot arm with four degrees of freedom and DC servo motor seals, a Free RTOS preemptive scheduler for pseudo parallelism of tasks and a console ensuring interactivity with the user. The choice of decoupled digital control parameters in terms of proportional, integral, derivative with filter and sampling time gains has been based on the controller tuning techniques available in the literature for SISO (Single-Input Single-Output) input delay servomechanisms. The prototype implanted in the card occupies 26% of the storage space and 18.80% of the dynamic memory. The results show the attached robotic servomechanisms that converge quickly and as precisely as possible to the desired values of joint variables. Regardless of the non-linear effects on the robot arm, especially the input delay, strict tracking of the trajectory is observed. This demonstrates the high precision of the proposed decoupled control architecture. The different positions of the robotic servo system have been represented in Cartesian space using MATLAB 2019-Ra software. They have been listed using the geometric model of the robot arm.
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based or TiN based in composition, whereas those extracted by electrolytic method usually have larger size and are much more calcium-silicate based in composition. In addition, inner structures of extracted inclusions were detecte...
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based or TiN based in composition, whereas those extracted by electrolytic method usually have larger size and are much more calcium-silicate based in composition. In addition, inner structures of extracted inclusions were detected by applying of RTO technique. The large size calcium-silicate based inclusions are confirmed high possibilities originating from mold flux and/or tundish flux entrapment, which are less affected by the liquid steel composition; while the smaller ones are generally endogenous inclusion precipitating during the refining or solidification process that strongly depending on the liquid steel composition and temperature.
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