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Urban safety is significantly impacted by the complexity of urban gas accidents. Although China has put forward the goal of "zero fatalities in accidents" for urban gas, unfortunately, the root causes of the unsound safety culture...
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Urban safety is significantly impacted by the complexity of urban gas accidents. Although China has put forward the goal of "zero fatalities in accidents" for urban gas, unfortunately, the root causes of the unsound safety culture and imperfect safety management system of urban gas enterprises remain unresolved. Therefore, statistical analysis and 24Model analysis of 160 urban gas accidents in mainland China were performed to investigate the proximate causes of the accidents and the current situation of urban gas safety. The CCPS's risk-based process safety elements were used to identify potential deficiencies in the current urban gas process safety management (UG-PSM). During the analysis, it was observed that insufficient implementation of concealed danger investigation and rectification accounted for 76%, which is the primary proximate cause of urban gas accidents. Stakeholder outreach is the most under-represented competency in urban gas safety management. Based on the results, a novel framework for the UG-PSM system was constructed, and the theory of urban gas safety management was further improved. Furthermore, we evaluated the matching degree between UG-PSM elements and the existing measures of the government, urban gas associations, third-party organizations, and urban gas enterprises. Finally, we analyzed the feasibility, challenges, and development directions of the UG-PSM system. This study establishes a foundation for researchers and practitioners in the future research and practice of urban gas process safety and provides theoretical guidance for preventing high-incidence accidents of urban gas in China.
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The objective of this work is to determine and study, analyze and elaborate, classify and categorize the main risk analysis and risk-assessment methods and techniques by reviewing the scientific literature. The paper consists of t...
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The objective of this work is to determine and study, analyze and elaborate, classify and categorize the main risk analysis and risk-assessment methods and techniques by reviewing the scientific literature. The paper consists of two parts: a) the investigation, presentation and elaboration of the main risk-assessment methodologies and b) the statistical analysis, classification, and comparative study of the corresponding scientific papers published by six representative scientific journals of Elsevier B.V. covering the decade 2000-2009. The scientific literature reviewing showed that the risk analysis and assessment techniques are classified into three main categories: (a) the qualitative, (b) the quantitative, and (c) the hybrid techniques (qualitative-quantitative, semi-quantitative). The qualitative techniques are based both on analytical estimation processes, and on the safety managers-engineers ability. According to quantitative techniques, the risk can be considered as a quantity, which can be estimated and expressed by a mathematical relation, under the help of real accidents' data recorded in a work site. The hybrid techniques, present a great complexity due to their ad hoc character that prevents a wide spreading. The statistical analysis shows that the quantitative methods present the highest relative frequency (65.63%) while the qualitative a lower one (27.68%). Furthermore the hybrid methods remain constantly at a very low level (6.70%) during the entire processing period.
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The term "Industry 4.0", which refers to a fourth industrial revolution, is a recent neologism. The rise of digital technology including, artificial intelligence, the Internet of things and networks, "smart" and responsive devices...
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The term "Industry 4.0", which refers to a fourth industrial revolution, is a recent neologism. The rise of digital technology including, artificial intelligence, the Internet of things and networks, "smart" and responsive devices, etc ... is more and more omnipresent. In solving the related challenges of Industry 4.0, it is necessary to improve the involvement and training of employers and employees. This is particularly true for their education in process safety. Two surveys were submitted to the relevant stakeholders. Their results showed absence of Industry 4.0 topics in the current courses on process safety. On the other hand, a review of the master's degree programs available in Europe revealed the recent emergence of new highly specialized courses in some of the topics of Industry 4.0. The definition of "Safety 4.0" leads to recommend two potential global training pathways, with one corresponding to the requirements of Industry 4.0 & Safety 4.0 intersections, recommended within the framework of pedagogical taxonomy models.
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Т. Административный регламент Федеральной службы по экологическому, технологическому и атомному надзору по исполнению госуд...
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Т. Административный регламент Федеральной службы по экологическому, технологическому и атомному надзору по исполнению государственной функции по выдаче разрешений на выбросы, сбросы загрязняющих веществ в окружающую среду (далее - Регламент) определяет порядок, сроки и последова-тельность действий (административных процедур) Федеральной службы по экологическому, технологическому и атомному надзору (далее - Ростехнадзор), ее территориальных органов (межрегиональных управлений по технологическому и экологическому надзору Ростехнадзора, управлений по технологическому и экологическому надзору Ростехнадзора по субъектам Российской Федерации (далее--территориальные органы Ростехнадзора), порядок взаимодействия между структурными подразделениями территориальных органов Ростехнадзо-ра при осуществлении полномочий по выдаче разрешений на выбросы, сбросы загрязняющих веществ в окружающую среду, определенных Положением о Федеральной службе по экологическому, технологическому и атомному надзору, утвержденным постановлением Правительства Российской Федерации от 30 июля 2004 г. No 401 (Собрание законодательства Российской Федерации, 2008, No22, ст. 2581).
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Административный регламент по исполнению Федеральной службой по экологическому, технологическому и атомному надзору госуда...
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Административный регламент по исполнению Федеральной службой по экологическому, технологическому и атомному надзору государственной функции по организации и проведению государственной экологической экспертизы федерального уровня (далее - административный регламент) определяет сроки и последовательность действий (административных процедур) при осуществлении Федеральной службой по экологическому, технологическому и атомному надзору (далее - Рос-технадзор) и ее территориальными органами (далее - территориальные органы Ростехнадзора) государственной функции по организации и проведению государственной экологической экспертизы федерального уровня в рамках полномочий, определенных Положением о Федеральной службе по экологическому, технологическому и атомному надзору, утвержденным постановлением Правительства Российской Федерации от 30 июля 2004 г. No 401 (Собрание законодательства Российской Федерации, 2004, No 32, ст. 3348; 2006, No 5, ст. 544; No 23, ст. 2527; No 52 (ч. III), ст. 5587; 2008, No 22, ст. 2581).
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This paper compares calculated results for two-phase flows through safety relief valves and pipes using the TPHEM, CCFLOW and RRERSP computer programs. These studies were conducted to locate errors in the programs as well as to fu...
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This paper compares calculated results for two-phase flows through safety relief valves and pipes using the TPHEM, CCFLOW and RRERSP computer programs. These studies were conducted to locate errors in the programs as well as to further ourunderstanding of how each program worked. For most low-to-moderate viscosity flow examples, and for the frozen flow examples, the program results agreed despite differences in the calculation methods. Current thinking is that the TPHEM computer programgets better results for high viscosity flows through safety relief valves (nozzles) and for pipe down flows. This is because this program successively iterates nozzle flows to achieve results consistent with the choke pressure, temperature and quality and successively iterates pipe flows to achieve results consistent with the pipe length. Safety relief valve flows from the RRERSP computer program are reduced by the inlet pipe non-recoverable pressure loss. This effect is significant for several cases.
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This paper reviews principal concepts, tools, and metrics for risk management and Inherently Safer Design (ISD) during the conceptual stage of process design. Even though there has been a profusion of papers regarding ISD, the tar...
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This paper reviews principal concepts, tools, and metrics for risk management and Inherently Safer Design (ISD) during the conceptual stage of process design. Even though there has been a profusion of papers regarding ISD, the targeted audience has typically been safety engineers, not process engineers. Thus, the goal of this paper is to enable process engineers to use all the available design degrees of freedom to mitigate risk early enough in the design process. Mainly, this paper analyzes ISD and inherent safety assessment tools (ISATs) from the perspective of inclusion in conceptual process design. The paper also highlights the need to consider safety as a major component of process sustainability. In this paper, 73 ISATs were selected, and these tools were categorized into three groups: hazard-based inherent safety assessment tools (H-ISATs) for 22 tools, risk-based inherent safety assessment tools (R-ISATs) for 33 tools, and cost-optimal inherent safety assessment tools (CO-ISATs) for 18 tools. This paper also introduces an integrated framework for coordinating the conventional process design workflow with safety analysis at various levels of detail.
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A systematic comparison of the predictive accuracy of simplified design methods with respect to the relief diameter and the discharged mass flow on the basis of experimental results obtained in reactors with volumina ranging betwe...
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A systematic comparison of the predictive accuracy of simplified design methods with respect to the relief diameter and the discharged mass flow on the basis of experimental results obtained in reactors with volumina ranging between 0.01 and 10 m{sup}3 allow for the conclusion that empirical design rules are not suited for an extrapolation. The preliminary recommended method in case of vapour systems is this of J.C. Leung and for use with gassy or hybrid systems the method by H.K. Fauske and J.C. Leung is promoted. Indeed, partly non acceptable overpredictions are evident. By using SAFIRB/VENT reasonable predictions are possible though still an oversizing can not be cut off.
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Risk assessment is essential for various purposes such as facility siting, safeguarding, and licensing. Hazard identification (HAZID), which suffers greatly from incompleteness, is still the weakest link in risk assessment. Of cou...
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Risk assessment is essential for various purposes such as facility siting, safeguarding, and licensing. Hazard identification (HAZID), which suffers greatly from incompleteness, is still the weakest link in risk assessment. Of course, this recognition is not new and many efforts have been spent to improve the situation, of which some have been rather successful. To find out what can go wrong, creative divergent thinking is required. Hazard identification should result in scenario definition. In that respect, applying the present tools as HAZOP and FMEA there is still a great emphasis on the material and equipment aspects. In contrast, underlying management and leadership failure in its many forms reflecting in organizational and human failure, due to complexity, attracts much less attention.
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Административный регламент Федеральной службы по экологическому, технологическому и атомному надзору по исполнению государ...
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Административный регламент Федеральной службы по экологическому, технологическому и атомному надзору по исполнению государственной функции по выдаче разрешений на трансграничное перемещение озоноразрушающих веществ и содержащей их продукции {далее--Регламент) определяет сроки и последовательность действий (административные процедуры) Федеральной службы по экологическому, технологическому и атомному надзору (далее--Ростехнадзор), ее территориальных органов, порядок взаимодействия между их структурными подразделениями и должностными лицами, а также взаимодействие с другими федеральными органами исполнительной власти и организациями при исполнении государственной функции по выдаче разрешений на трансграничное перемещение озоноразрушающих веществ и содержащей их продукции.
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