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Adolescence is a developmental period during which youth are at increased riskfor using substances. An empirical focus on core competencies illustrates thatyouth are less likely to use substances when they have a positive future o...
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Adolescence is a developmental period during which youth are at increased riskfor using substances. An empirical focus on core competencies illustrates thatyouth are less likely to use substances when they have a positive future orienta-tion, a belief in the ability to resist substances, emotional and behavioral con-trol, sound decision-making ability, a belief that substance use is wrong, and astrong bond to prosocial peers and family. Such etiological research is beginningto provide a strong foundation for successful competence-building preventionprograms. Focusing on the developmental-ecological context of adolescent sub-stance use will expedite advances in prevention.
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This study investigates the reported adverse events arising with various aesthetic dermal fillers by type and brand name. It reveals rare but dangerous complications associated with a widely used elective procedure. The authors qu...
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This study investigates the reported adverse events arising with various aesthetic dermal fillers by type and brand name. It reveals rare but dangerous complications associated with a widely used elective procedure. The authors queried and compiled the MAUDE database for injury cases reported with aesthetic dermal fillers between January 2007 and July 2017. A total of 5024 individual cases were then queried for adverse events using specific keywords and grouped into categories for analysis. Categories and keywords were determined after querying a large portion of the samples for common adverse events. The most common complications associated with aesthetic dermal filler use were nodule formation (2952 cases), infection (2575 cases), inflammation (71 I cases), allergic complications (594 cases), and vascular complications (590 cases). The most common fillers associated with an adverse event were Juvederm Voluma XC (1050 cases), Sculptra (879 cases), and Radiesse (620 cases). These fillers represent 3 filler types: hyaluronic acid fillers, poly-L-lactic acid fillers, and calcium hydroxylapatite fillers, respectively. Injectable dermal fillers are frequently used cosmetic products around the world. To safely and effectively use these products, health care providers and patients must be fully aware of the proper techniques and risks associated with each product. Many of the complications reported were known to be possible, but others were previously only reported as individual case studies. The rates of occurrence for both well-known and lesser known complications may be higher than originally thought.
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Background: The available data suggest that most illicit drugs have adverse effects on erection, sexual desire, and ejaculation latency in male individuals. Objective: This study was conducted for the evaluation of the sexual func...
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Background: The available data suggest that most illicit drugs have adverse effects on erection, sexual desire, and ejaculation latency in male individuals. Objective: This study was conducted for the evaluation of the sexual functions of substance abuse men. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at the Alcohol and Substance Research Treatment and Education Center. Male individuals diagnosed as having substance use disorder according to DSM-V (n=106) were included as the patient group. A 30-item sociodemographic and reproductive health interview form developed by researchers and the 15-item International Erectile Function Index were administered to all the participants. Results: It was determined that the most prevalent addiction was cannabis addiction (39.6%) in the substance abuser group, and this was followed by heroin (35.8%) and cocaine addiction (24.6%). It was observed that the substance used by participants at the earliest age (15.81±4.19) was cocaine, and the longest duration in substance use (13.11±9.11) was in the cannabis group. An overall 41.5% of participants stated that they had a sexual problem, and 31.1% of them said they were not satisfied with their sexual life. It was detected that most of the substance abuser men (77.4%) have mild erectile dysfunction (ED) at the rate of 12.3% and moderate ED in 65.1% of them, and the cannabis user group had the most ED (83.3%). Conclusions: Substance abuse affects male sexual functions negatively. There are limited studies about the effects of substance abuse on male sexual functions in our country. For this reason, there is a need for more extensive prospective studies.
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Background: Substance use disorders consistently rank among the most stigmatized conditions worldwide. Thus, substance use stigma fosters health inequities among persons with substance use disorders and remains a key barrier to su...
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Background: Substance use disorders consistently rank among the most stigmatized conditions worldwide. Thus, substance use stigma fosters health inequities among persons with substance use disorders and remains a key barrier to successful screening and treatment efforts. Current efforts to measure substance use stigma are limited. This study aims to advance measurement efforts by drawing on stigma theory to develop and evaluate the Substance Use Stigma Mechanisms Scale (SU-SMS). The SU-SMS was designed to capture enacted, anticipated, and internalized Substance Use Stigma Mechanisms among persons with current and past substance use disorders, and distinguish between key stigma sources most likely to impact this target population.
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Carisoprodol is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant of which meprobamate, a controlled substance, is the primary active metabolite. The abuse of carisoprodol has increased dramatically in the last several years. A withdraw...
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Carisoprodol is a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant of which meprobamate, a controlled substance, is the primary active metabolite. The abuse of carisoprodol has increased dramatically in the last several years. A withdrawal syndrome occurs in some patients who abruptly cease carisoprodol intake. The symptoms of this syndrome are similar to those seen with meprobamate withdrawal, suggesting that they may result from withdrawal from meprobamate accumulated with intake of excessive carisoprodol; however, carisoprodol is capable of modulating GABAA function, which may contribute to its abuse potential.There has been considerable debate about whether carisoprodol should be considered a controlled substance. Carisoprodol was removed from the market in Norway on May 1, 2008, but may still be used by specially approved patients. Carisoprodol was classified as a controlled substance in several US states, and effective January 11, 2012, became a schedule IV controlled substance at the US federal level. This article updates the literature on abuse potential and examines recent developments regarding the legal status of carisoprodol.
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Objective Evaluate the association between levels of mindfulness and sociodemographic characteristics and pattern of drug use of individuals seeking treatment in a University Service Specialized in Substance Use Disorders. Methods...
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Objective Evaluate the association between levels of mindfulness and sociodemographic characteristics and pattern of drug use of individuals seeking treatment in a University Service Specialized in Substance Use Disorders. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with 164 individuals over 18 years of age seeking treatment for the use of psychoactive substances in the June 2018-December 2019 period, using a questionnaire for sociodemographic data, the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) self-reporting instrument, and the Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test. Results An association was found between low levels of mindfulness mainly with the individual risk of being a medium/high-risk user of sedative-hypnotic drugs (p = 0.020). A borderline association was also found between MAAS and the risk of the individual being a medium/high risk of alcohol (p = 0.053) and with a more severe pattern of substance use (p = 0.065). Conclusion Individuals seek.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism developed an alcohol screening instrument for youth based on epidemiologic data. This study examines the concurrent validity of this instrument, expa...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism developed an alcohol screening instrument for youth based on epidemiologic data. This study examines the concurrent validity of this instrument, expanded to include tobacco and drugs, among pediatric patients, as well as the acceptability of its self-administration on an iPad. METHODS: Five hundred and twenty-five patients (54.5% female; 92.8% African American) aged 12 to 17 completed the Brief Screener for Tobacco, Alcohol, and other Drugs (BSTAD) via interviewer-administration or self-administration using an iPad. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition substance use disorders (SUDs) were identified using a modified Composite International Diagnostic Interview-2 Substance Abuse Module. Receiver operating characteristic curves, sensitivities, and specificities were obtained to determine optimal cut points on the BSTAD in relation to SUDs. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-nine (30.3%) adolescents reported pastyear use of ≥1 substances on the BSTAD: 113 (21.5%) used alcohol, 84 (16.0%) used marijuana, and 50 (9.5%) used tobacco. Optimal cut points for past-year frequency of use items on the BSTAD to identify SUDs were ≥6 days of tobacco use (sensitivity = 0.95; specificity = 0.97); ≥2 days of alcohol use (sensitivity = 0.96; specificity = 0.85); and ≥2 days of marijuana use (sensitivity = 0.80; specificity = 0.93). iPad self-administration was preferred over interviewer administration (z = 5.8; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The BSTAD is a promising screening tool for identifying problematic tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use in pediatric settings. Even low frequency of substance use among adolescents may indicate need for intervention.
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Background: The data for this study come from an eight-wave panel study of Indigenous (Canadian First Nations and American Indian) adolescents from three U.S. reservations and four Canadian reserves.
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Substance misuse is a major problem affecting young people of all races, globally and in South Africa. This article focuses on the coping strategies of parents living with adolescents misusing substances. It is based on a study th...
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Substance misuse is a major problem affecting young people of all races, globally and in South Africa. This article focuses on the coping strategies of parents living with adolescents misusing substances. It is based on a study that received an in-depth understanding of the experiences, challenges, and coping strategies of parents living with adolescents abusing chemical substances in the community of Ramotse in Hammanskraal, Gauteng. A qualitative research approach with purposive and snowball sampling was used. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and analysed using Tesch's eight steps. Data verification was conducted using Guba's model. The findings showed that most parents living with adolescents misusing substances are struggling to cope with their day-to-day lives. The findings highlighted the following themes which were: Parents avoided talking to adolescents to avoid pain and hurt, parents received comfort in their religion by praying or going to church, parents get spiritual support from the church and their pastors, parents opted to give the adolescents money and finally parents shared that they still have hope that their adolescent child's behaviour will change.
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