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The issue to be discussed is whether there is a shift in the position status of a Notary to a Public Official. A notary is a General public Official according to Notary Office Law. Since Indonesia has acceded to the Apostille Conv...
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The issue to be discussed is whether there is a shift in the position status of a Notary to a Public Official. A notary is a General public Official according to Notary Office Law. Since Indonesia has acceded to the Apostille Convention, it is necessary to clarify the classification of the Notary position and its implications because the Convention applies to the legal product of Publik Officials. This study discusses whether there is a shift in the position of a Notary to a Public Official and its implications for the Notary Deed, considering the provisions regarding General Public Officials and Publik Officials, including the KIP Law. In conclusion, the classification of Notary occupation, for the sake of legal certainty, as stated in Notary Office Law, is General Public Official. From another perspective, if Notary is classified as a Public Official, this would not immediately force or make the Notary obligated to disclose the Notary Deed they made or the confidential information of the Parties who appear before the Notary.
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The recent surge in China's oil imports coincides with its emergence as the world's largest provider of capital to low-and middle-income countries. We investigate the role of natural resources in attracting Chinese official financ...
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The recent surge in China's oil imports coincides with its emergence as the world's largest provider of capital to low-and middle-income countries. We investigate the role of natural resources in attracting Chinese official financing to low-and middle-income countries by exploiting an exogenous variation arising from giant oil discoveries. We use geocoded data on giant oil discoveries and project-level data on global Chinese official financing to examine the impact of giant oil discoveries at the national and subnational levels. Across countries, giant oil discoveries attract 100% more Chinese official financing in the three years following a discovery. Financing is in the form of non-concessional loans and export credit and is directed to non-oil sectors. At the subnational level, giant oil discoveries do not attract Chinese-funded projects to subnational regions where oil is discovered. Despite presenting an opportunity for oil-rich countries to diversify their economies, the increase in non-concessional borrowing from China presents a thread to recipient countries' debt sustainability.
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As part of the 2020 World Statistics Day, a virtual discussion on the future of federal statistics was held to share ideas and points of view. During the discussion a common message was that as National Statistical Offices moderni...
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As part of the 2020 World Statistics Day, a virtual discussion on the future of federal statistics was held to share ideas and points of view. During the discussion a common message was that as National Statistical Offices modernize, they will have to accept changing the way that they do business and will have to embrace the use of alternative data, emerging fields such as data science, and solid data stewardship practices. Holding the discussion in the middle of a pandemic only highlighted the importance that data and the principles of data stewardship play in everyday life to give decision makers the information required to make informed decisions. Several speakers mentioned that National Statistical Offices are at a crossroads, but that with the right choices and embracing change, the future can be very bright. This article presents some ideas on these choices and what changes can be embraced to ensure that this future is indeed bright. Much has changed since World Statistics Day in terms of the pandemic, but the main messages in the discussion still hold. In fact, with all of the data collected during the pandemic, now is the time for National Statistical Offices to show leadership in combining this data with modern methods to produce official statistics that matter and can help avoid similar situations that have arisen during the pandemic.
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During the Jin Dynasties, the central official education was generally char-acterized by the establishment of schools from time to time. The Imperial College (in feudal China) set up special Imperial College doctors and The Imperi...
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During the Jin Dynasties, the central official education was generally char-acterized by the establishment of schools from time to time. The Imperial College (in feudal China) set up special Imperial College doctors and The Imperial Academy in ancient China set up libationers, doctors and teaching assistants. Chamberlain for ceremonials is the highest official leader of the central official education. The prosperity and decline of local official schools were closely related to the degree to which local officials attach importance to themselves. The establishment of schools by local officials was a “rebellion” against the social trend of the Jin Dynasties, which advocated metaphysical style.
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Prior work on corruption has largely overlooked personal relationships as an essential determinant of bribery incidence in transition economies. In these countries, relationships with public officials are instrumental in enabling ...
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Prior work on corruption has largely overlooked personal relationships as an essential determinant of bribery incidence in transition economies. In these countries, relationships with public officials are instrumental in enabling transactions and lowering transaction costs, due to incoherent and ever-changing business regulations. Our study examines the impact of personal relationships on bribery incidence in Vietnam, finding that relationships with central government officials decreases the likelihood of bribery, while relationships with local government officials increases the likelihood of bribery. The results provide convincing support for the alleged importance of public-private relationships in contemporary transition economies.
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Have you ever followed a tax official on Twitter, or "liked" your tax office's Facebook page? From the US to New Zealand, tax authorities are raising their social media profiles by providing advice on filling out tax forms, sharin...
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Have you ever followed a tax official on Twitter, or "liked" your tax office's Facebook page? From the US to New Zealand, tax authorities are raising their social media profiles by providing advice on filling out tax forms, sharing information on budget changes, promoting e-tax forms and, of course, with reminders of payment deadlines. E-government is not new, and many governments already have an interactive web page for filing and querying tax returns. However, interacting via social media brings additional benefits, the OECD believes.
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The paper presents a series of reflections deriving from teaching official statistics. Much of the accumulated experience derives from teaching in the "Methods and tools for official statistics" and "Survey methods: traditional an...
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The paper presents a series of reflections deriving from teaching official statistics. Much of the accumulated experience derives from teaching in the "Methods and tools for official statistics" and "Survey methods: traditional and new techniques in Official Statistics" courses in the European Master in Official Statistics (EMOS) at the universities of Florence and Pisa, as well as on numerous occasions at tertiary education centres. Such experiences highlighted the lack of the themes in question within the standard study plans and the scarce awareness of students about the official statistics; and allowed the identification of the essential topics to be addressed. Four basic pillars (definitions, quality criteria and practices, sources, and autonomy in finding official data) need to be spread much more than only by statistical authorities. Manuals on basic statistics (data-science) should always foresee one or more chapters dedicated to the recognition of quality data and official statistics. Teachers from any discipline which implies the transmission of the value of high quality statistical information need to be trained on this aspect. The general insight of the experience of teaching official statistics is that if data science may remain a specialist knowledge, statistical literacy needs to become a common one.
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The Paul-Ehrlich Institute (PEI) is an independent institution of the Federal Republic of Germany responsible for performing official experimental batch testing of sera. The institute decides about the release of each batch and pe...
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The Paul-Ehrlich Institute (PEI) is an independent institution of the Federal Republic of Germany responsible for performing official experimental batch testing of sera. The institute decides about the release of each batch and performs experimental research in the field. The experimental quality control ensures the potency of the product and also the absence of harmful impurities. For release of an immunoglobulin batch the marketing authorization holder has to submit the documentation of the manufacture and the results of quality control measures together with samples of the batch to the PEI. Experimental testing is performed according to the approved specifications regarding the efficacy and safety. Since implementation of the 15th German drug law amendment, the source of antibody is not defined anymore. According to § 32 German drug law, all batches of sera need to be released by an official control laboratory. Sera are medicinal products, which contain antibodies, antibody fragments or fusion proteins with a functional antibody portion. Therefore, all batches of monoclonal antibodies and derivatives must also be released by the PEI and the marketing authorization holder has to submit a batch release application. Under certain circumstances a waiver for certain products can be issued with regard to batch release. The conditions for such a waiver apply to the majority of monoclonal antibodies.
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In this paper,we provide descriptions of the official statistical information sources regarding the environment with a focus on soil and water. The discussion focuses on two major contributors of official statistical information i...
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In this paper,we provide descriptions of the official statistical information sources regarding the environment with a focus on soil and water. The discussion focuses on two major contributors of official statistical information in the field,ISTAT and ISPRA,describing their internal structures and links to corresponding EU institutions. We further review their latest production of statistical information on soil and water and provide several suggestions for the potential development of the field.
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This paper addresses the politicization of public institutions through the case of national ombudspersons. While there is an established literature on the politicization of top public officials, we lack research on the politicizat...
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This paper addresses the politicization of public institutions through the case of national ombudspersons. While there is an established literature on the politicization of top public officials, we lack research on the politicization and / or de-facto independence of supreme or supervisory bodies, including ombuds institutions. In this paper, we combine the insights of three bodies of literature in order to build a framework for the empirical study of national ombuds institutions: Literature (1) on the independence of public institutions, in particular ombuds and regulatory agencies, (2) on politicization and party patronage in state institutions, and (3) on career patterns and selection criteria of top public officials and the administrative elite. We then discuss these issues on the basis of an empirical field study of the Austrian om-buds institution: First, drawing on a socio-demographic analysis of ombudspersons we identify common features of their profiles and career paths. We find that overall the ombudspersons represent a relatively homogenous group, but the political party represents an explanatory variable for some of the ombudspersons’ characteristics. The second set of empirical results, drawing primarily on qualitative interviews with case-handling staff, demonstrates that despite the institution’s public efforts and many interviewees’ reassurances that the AOB is independent and acts as such, there are several areas in which party-related positions become visible in the AOB’s work. These results are integrated into a typology on the effects of political appointment modes of ombudspersons, which should enable further research in this field.
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