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Since guitar is an instrument for which the ranges of the strings are tuned to be overlapped each other, a note can be played at several positions on its finger board. Because of this condition, it may take a lot of effort for beg...
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Since guitar is an instrument for which the ranges of the strings are tuned to be overlapped each other, a note can be played at several positions on its finger board. Because of this condition, it may take a lot of effort for beginners to find appropriate positions when they play the guitar. The tablature notation is therefore considered to be much effective for assisting learning playing the guitar, compared with the ordinal staff notation, which is used as the standard music score for guitar. This study proposes a method of automated tablature generation based on the knowledge of the fingering rules.
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The Turing degrees of infinite levels of the Ershov hierarchy were studied by Liu and Peng [8]. In this paper, we continue the study of Turing degrees of infinite levels and lift the study of density property to the levels beyond ...
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The Turing degrees of infinite levels of the Ershov hierarchy were studied by Liu and Peng [8]. In this paper, we continue the study of Turing degrees of infinite levels and lift the study of density property to the levels beyond ω2. In doing so, we rely on notations with some nice properties. We introduce the concept of normalizing notations and generate normalizing notations for higher levels. The generalizations of the weak density theorem and the nondensity theorem are proved for higher levels in the Ershov hierarchy. Furthermore, we also investigate the minimal degrees in the infinite levels of the Ershov hierarchy.
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In software engineering, the stage between problem realization and implementation of a solution is not well supported by technology. It is common to see work being carried out on paper or whiteboards. This paper documents a pilot ...
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In software engineering, the stage between problem realization and implementation of a solution is not well supported by technology. It is common to see work being carried out on paper or whiteboards. This paper documents a pilot study to identify some reasons as to why paper and whiteboards are useful tools in early exploratory design and exposes some questions about where technology may fit in augmenting this stage of software engineering. The cognitive dimensions questionnaire was used to investigate notations and devices used in exploratory algorithm design.
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Since many years ago, musicians have composed music based on the images that they have had in their minds. On the other hand, music affects people's imagination while hearing it. This research provides a method that can transform ...
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Since many years ago, musicians have composed music based on the images that they have had in their minds. On the other hand, music affects people's imagination while hearing it. This research provides a method that can transform shape to music and music to shape. This method defines musical notations for horizontal, diagonal and vertical line segments, filled circle and curve with different colors, which are the basis of many shapes in transforming shapes into music. Then these primary mappings are generalized to more complex forms to transform any shape. Moreover, music can be transformed into shape by this method. For this transformation, primary musical notations such as simple notes, notes joined by a legato, notes with a staccato, notes joined by a legato and have crescendo or decrescendo and notes with an accent or a trill are defined. These primary musical notations are generalized to more complex forms to transform any music into shape. Also, the method of this research can be used in music cryptography. It employs mapping of notes in a twelve-tone equal musical system into shapes and mappings of shapes with an equal line width and different colors into music.
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The design of good notation is a cause that was dear to Charles Babbage's heart throughout his career. He was convinced of the "immense power of signs" (1864, 364), both to rigorously express complex ideas and to facilitate the di...
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The design of good notation is a cause that was dear to Charles Babbage's heart throughout his career. He was convinced of the "immense power of signs" (1864, 364), both to rigorously express complex ideas and to facilitate the discovery of new ones. As a young man, he promoted the Leibnizian notation for the calculus in England, and later he developed a Mechanical Notation for designing his computational engines. In addition, he reflected on the principles that underlie the design of good mathematical notations. In this paper, we discuss these reflections, which can be found somewhat scattered in Babbage's writings, for the first time in a systematic way. Babbage's desiderata for mathematical notations are presented as ten guidelines pertinent to notational design and its application to both individual symbols and complex expressions. To illustrate the applicability of these guidelines in non-mathematical domains, some aspects of his Mechanical Notation are also discussed. (c) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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The main objective of this study was to analyse the variables that predicted setting efficacy in complex I (KI) in volleyball, in formative categories and depending on gender. The study sample was comprised of 5842 game actions ca...
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The main objective of this study was to analyse the variables that predicted setting efficacy in complex I (KI) in volleyball, in formative categories and depending on gender. The study sample was comprised of 5842 game actions carried out by the 16 male category and the 18 female category teams that participated in the Under-16 Spanish Championship. The dependent variable was setting efficacy. The independent variables were grouped into: serve variables (a serve zone, the type of serve, striking technique, an in-game role of the server and serve direction), reception variables (a reception zone, a receiver player and reception efficacy) and setting variables (a setter‘s position, a setting zone, the type of a set, setting technique, a set’s area and tempo of a set). Multinomial logistic regression showed that the best predictive variables of setting efficacy, both in female and male categories, were reception efficacy, setting technique and tempo of a set. In the male category, the jump serve was the greatest predictor of setting efficacy, while in the female category, it was the set’s area. Therefore, in the male category, it was not only the preceding action that affected setting efficacy, but also the serve. On the contrary, in the female category, only variables of the action itself and of the previous action, reception, affected setting efficacy. The results obtained in the present study should be taken into account in the training process of both male and female volleyball players in formative stages.
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Ecofriendly natural dye was extracted ultrasonically from the red onion peel (Allium cepa). It is applied on silk fabric with and without bio-mordants. Bio-mordants used were tea leaves, tamarind, aloe vera and acacia bark ash. Co...
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Ecofriendly natural dye was extracted ultrasonically from the red onion peel (Allium cepa). It is applied on silk fabric with and without bio-mordants. Bio-mordants used were tea leaves, tamarind, aloe vera and acacia bark ash. Colorfastness, color measurement and antibacterial properties were studied. Among colourfastness properties colourfastness to washing, light, heat, rubbing, seawater and dry-cleaning were studied. Dyed fabrics were also subjected to colour measurement values i.e Tristimulus properties (XYZ), Labs values and Munsell renotations (Hue,Vivideness and Chroma). Antibacterial properties against three strains of bacteria i.e escherichia coli, staphylococeus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa were also performed.
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Visual notations are a key aspect of visual languages. They provide a direct mapping between the intended information and set of graphical symbols. Visual notations are most often implemented using the low level syntax of programm...
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Visual notations are a key aspect of visual languages. They provide a direct mapping between the intended information and set of graphical symbols. Visual notations are most often implemented using the low level syntax of programming languages which is time consuming, error prone, difficult to maintain and hardly human-centric. In this paper we describe an alternative approach to generating visual notations using by-example model transformations. In our new approach, a semantic mapping between model and view is implemented using model transformations. The notations resulting from this approach can be reused by mapping varieties of input data to their model and can be composed into different visualizations. Our approach is implemented in the CONVErT framework and has been applied to many visualization examples. Three case studies for visualizing statistical charts, visualization of traffic data, and reuse of a Minard's map visualization's components, are presented in this paper. A detailed user study of our approach for reusing notations and generating visualizations has been provided. 80% of the participants in this user study agreed that the novel approach to visualization was easy and 87% stated that they quickly learned to use the tool support.
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