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Human breath emits a lot of carbon dioxide, which contributes a lot to airborne infections. Airborne infections spread speedily, and breathing can expose us to lifethreatening airborne infections. There is a risk of infection if p...
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Human breath emits a lot of carbon dioxide, which contributes a lot to airborne infections. Airborne infections spread speedily, and breathing can expose us to lifethreatening airborne infections. There is a risk of infection if people are traveling by bus. A mathematical model of carbon dioxide concentration measurement due to human breath is proposed in this research. The focus of this research is to determine the amount of carbon dioxide produced by bus passengers. The model's solution is approximated using an explicit finite difference technique. The model solution can be used to determine how much time passengers are willing to spend on the bus while carbon dioxide levels are kept under control. Furthermore, mathematical models were utilized to quantify the risk of air infection among bus passengers with ventilation systems, in order to reduce the risk of air infection and increase ventilation. The proposed air quality model was found to be in good agreement in that it allows us to know the balance between the number of passengers allowed to sit on the bus while managing the risk of airborne infection, carbon dioxide concentration, and ventilation system potential. A significant advantage of the ventilation will be better air quality control that balances the number of passengers permitted to ride on a bus.
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The aim of this paper is to present an artificial neural network model with high accuracy to predict the delay of passenger trains in Iranian Railways. In the proposed model, we use three different methods to define inputs includi...
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The aim of this paper is to present an artificial neural network model with high accuracy to predict the delay of passenger trains in Iranian Railways. In the proposed model, we use three different methods to define inputs including normalized real number, binary coding, and binary set encoding inputs. One of the great challenges of using neural network is how to design a superior network for a specific task. To find an appropriate architecture, three different strategies called quick method, dynamic method, and multiple method are investigated. To prevent the proposed model from overfitting in modeling, according to cross validation, we divide existing passenger train delays data set into three subsets called training set, validation set, and testing set. To evaluate the proposed model, we compare the results of three different data input methods and three different architectures with each other and with some common prediction methods such as decision tree and multinomial logistic regression. For comparing different neural networks, we consider training time and accuracy of neural networks on test data set and network size. In addition, for comparing neural networks with other wella??known prediction methods, we consider training time and the accuracy of neural network on test data sets. To make a fair comparison among all models, we sketch a timea??accuracy graph. The results revealed that the proposed model has higher accuracy. Copyright ?? 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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The modern scientific approaches to the issue of establishing passenger correspondence using public routes between regional centers are investigated. The results of the analysis of the existing methods for calculating the correspo...
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The modern scientific approaches to the issue of establishing passenger correspondence using public routes between regional centers are investigated. The results of the analysis of the existing methods for calculating the correspondence of passengers find the impossibility of their implementation without a preliminary study of the features of the system and formalization of corrective coefficients - the components of the gravity functions. It is established that at present in the world practice gravitational modeling is used for forecasting the indicators of interregional passenger transport correspondence.An empirical method is used to establish the parameters of the quantitative index of the gravity function. Unlike previous researchers, used for the invention of the parameters of the function of the attraction approach allows to obtain new knowledge about the studied system. Without the use of automated or non-automated means for examining the correspondence of passengers, it is possible to obtain indicators of the parameters of the experimental system without the influence of the human factor and any time interval.The obtained research results provide an opportunity to carry out calculations of the correspondence of passengers between the regional centers of Ukraine on the routes of general transport using the gravity model. Unknown parameters of gravity function are established in the conducted research. They provide an opportunity in forecasting the correspondence of passengers in the investigated system.
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Passenger transport system of Ukraine is studied for establishment of passenger correspondence using public routes between regional centers. The results of the analysis of existing methods of passenger correspondence calculation a...
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Passenger transport system of Ukraine is studied for establishment of passenger correspondence using public routes between regional centers. The results of the analysis of existing methods of passenger correspondence calculation are found the inability to implement them without preliminary investigation of features of the systems and calculation of the actual values of gravity function.Empirical method is applied for establishing the parameters of quantitative index of gravity function. Unlike previous researchers, this approach for calculation of gravity function parameters allows to obtain new knowledge about the studied system. An opportunity to obtain performance parameters of the experimental system without the human factor and at any time is provided without the use of a manual or automated inspection means for passenger correspondence.Research results provide the opportunity to analyze the calculations of intercity passenger correspondence between regional centers of Ukraine on the general transport routes using a gravity model. Previously unknown parameters of gravity function are defined. This allows to predict the passenger correspondence in this system.
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Aim: Bandaranaike International Airport (BIA) is important in the development of the Sri Lankan economy. To remain competitive in the service sector it is essential to focus more on improving service quality as it directly creates...
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Aim: Bandaranaike International Airport (BIA) is important in the development of the Sri Lankan economy. To remain competitive in the service sector it is essential to focus more on improving service quality as it directly creates greater customer satisfaction. In respect of international airports satisfied passengers often revisit a destination thus increasing micro and macro level income and profitability. Hence, satisfied and loyal passengers are an important factor in remaining competitive among international airports. Although there is ample research that explores service quality and passenger satisfaction with airports, research is sparse in regard to Sri Lanka. Hence, the aim of this study is to identify the most important service quality dimensions influencing passenger satisfaction at BIA and to examine the relationship between each SERVQUAL dimension on passenger satisfaction.
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The purpose of this paper is to build a model for assessing the satisfaction ofpassenger service by the public transport system. The system is constructed usingintelligent agents, whose action is based on self-learning principles....
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The purpose of this paper is to build a model for assessing the satisfaction ofpassenger service by the public transport system. The system is constructed usingintelligent agents, whose action is based on self-learning principles. The agents arepassengers who depend on transport and can choose between two modes: a car or a buswherein their choice of transport mode for the next day is based on their level ofsatisfaction and their neighbors’ satisfaction with the mode they used the day before. Thepaper considers several algorithms of agent behavior, one of which is based onreinforcement learning. Overall, the algorithms take into account the history of theagents’ previous trips and the quality of transport services. The outcomes could beapplied in assessing the quality of the transport system from the point of view ofpassengers.
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Based on the data from a comprehensive transportation survey of Shanghai in 2004 and 2009, this paper analyzed the evolution of urban passenger transportation structure using the system dynamics approach. A system dynamics model o...
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Based on the data from a comprehensive transportation survey of Shanghai in 2004 and 2009, this paper analyzed the evolution of urban passenger transportation structure using the system dynamics approach. A system dynamics model of Shanghai passenger transportation structure evolution is proposed, which consists of setting modeling targets, establishing transportation system boundaries, causality analysis, establishing flow diagram, parameter estimation and model validation.
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Railway is the backbone of Chinese transportation system, but its poor quality of services for passengers cause complains now and then. This study first analyzed the influencing factors of service quality on railway passenger, and...
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Railway is the backbone of Chinese transportation system, but its poor quality of services for passengers cause complains now and then. This study first analyzed the influencing factors of service quality on railway passenger, and its quality characteristics was also explained, and finally we proposed an evaluation system of service quality on railway passenger transport. Through the statistical analysis and processing of the basic information from survey data from railway station, trains and the official website of the ticket purchase, the evaluation score of question naire was converted into the score in evaluation index system, which was based on SERVQUAL model. Finally, the evaluation index system was applied to the field test, and all levels of indicators and the overall evaluation of railway passenger transport service quality was obtained. The relevant results show that the evaluation model of this study is concise and practical, and the method has certain practicability and promotion value, which is beneficial to the department of management supervision in railway transportation.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the preferences of potential Japanese cruise ship tourists and identify the factors influencing their participation in cruise ship tourism.In the analysis, preference for cruise port...
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the preferences of potential Japanese cruise ship tourists and identify the factors influencing their participation in cruise ship tourism.In the analysis, preference for cruise ports in East Asia is also examined. Design/methodology/approach The behavioral model of potential cruiser is developed through a mixed ordered logit approach.The data are collected by means of the stated preference method with the application of a Web-based questionnaire.Multiple answers are collected from each respondent.Hence, panel effects between answers are considered so as to obtain a robust model. Findings The results show that Nagasaki and Hong Kong ports are preferred, and other domestic ports, namely, Kobe, Kagoshima, and Naha are also relatively popular places to visit.However, potential Japanese cruisers are reluctant to visit two South Korean destinations which are frequently selected as cruise lines by avoiding Cabotage rule.Besides, shorter cruise duration and lower prices increase the possibility of participation in cruise tourism, particularly for working people.Retirees tend to have less interest in cruise tourism.However, Japanese-related services will increase retirees’ intentions to participate in cruise tourism. Research limitations/implications This study attempts to analyze potential cruisers’ behavior toward cruise ship tourism in Japan and discusses how to increase the number of cruisers participating in cruise ship tourism.In this vein, repeat behavior should also be analyzed.Repeat behavior contributes to the maintenance and increase in cruisers in Japan. Originality/value There is no study on potential cruiser’s behavior analysis in Japan which is the emerging country as cruise market.Thus, the number of potential cruisers is expected to be high.This study reveals that potential cruisers’ preferences on cruise ship services (e.g.duration, price, on board services, etc.), which are separately analysed for working ages and retirees.Besides, preferences on port of calls in East Asian context are revealed.These results are useful for cruise ship industries, especially for cruise lines.
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This paper presents a latest inter-urban travel demand model for Japan. It intends the travel demand analysis for private business planning rather than government-based transportation planning. Cross-sectional data from the 2005 I...
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This paper presents a latest inter-urban travel demand model for Japan. It intends the travel demand analysis for private business planning rather than government-based transportation planning. Cross-sectional data from the 2005 Interregional Travel Survey, Japan, is used for the model estimations. The model consists of three sub-models: a trip modal choice sub-model, trip distribution sub-model, and tip generation/attraction sub-model. The trip modal choice sub-model is a nested logit model including an upper tree choice of automobile and public transportation and a lower tree choice of rail, bus, and air transportation; the trip distribution sub-model is an aggregated logit model; and the trip generation/attraction sub-model is a log-linear regression model. The models are verified by comparing the estimated results with the observed data. The proposed model successfully reproduces the current travel demand.
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