摘要 :
We explore the extent to which LIS-data can be used to shed light on the presence of women in the top of the income distribution. We show developments of the share of women in top groups (P90-100 and P99-100) of the labour income ...
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We explore the extent to which LIS-data can be used to shed light on the presence of women in the top of the income distribution. We show developments of the share of women in top groups (P90-100 and P99-100) of the labour income distribution for 28 countries and, when possible, compare to outcomes when including capital incomes. These turn out not to matter much for the share of women in top groups with some important exceptions. Relating our findings to the existing evidence on women in the top of the income distribution based on aggregate tax data, we find that LIS-data give a relatively accurate picture of the basic findings. However, we also note that once we divide the top1 group further, samples quickly become too small to allow further study. For countries where data allows such analysis, we find that having a partner and having children are positively associated with being in top income groups for men, but negatively associated for women. However, time interactions suggest that these differences have decreased over time. Also, top income men are more likely to have partners who are not in the top of the income distribution while this is not the case for top income women. All these results are surprisingly consistent across country groups.
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A panel of tax returns shows that income mobility can explain between none and three‐quarters of the increase in annual inequality since the 1980s. These estimates are sensitive to different measures of inequality, income definit...
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A panel of tax returns shows that income mobility can explain between none and three‐quarters of the increase in annual inequality since the 1980s. These estimates are sensitive to different measures of inequality, income definitions, and sample restrictions—mostly due to different treatments of mean‐reverting income changes among those with temporarily low incomes. This range of results suggests that sensitivity analyses are crucial to understand the robustness of income inequality and mobility measures.
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The paper explores the distributional consequences of farm income mobility in Scotland, focusing on the extent to which farm income inequality is a chronic as opposed to a temporary phenomenon and on the nature of the dynamic proc...
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The paper explores the distributional consequences of farm income mobility in Scotland, focusing on the extent to which farm income inequality is a chronic as opposed to a temporary phenomenon and on the nature of the dynamic processes driving changes in farm income inequality over time. The empirical results reveal that the majority of farm income inequality was long-run or structural in nature, reflecting differences in both farm business size and farm-specific factors such as land quality, managerial ability and business structures. Evidence of absolute convergence in farm incomes is explained by short-run adjustments towards equilibrium or target incomes conditional upon prices, technology and farm business size, with farm business growth conditional upon survival found to have had no significant redistributive effect.
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I analyze German top income mobility using micro-level panel data of personal income tax returns which are highly representative for top income taxpayers for the years 2001-06. Top income mobility is assessed in three dimensions: ...
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I analyze German top income mobility using micro-level panel data of personal income tax returns which are highly representative for top income taxpayers for the years 2001-06. Top income mobility is assessed in three dimensions: (i) persistence in top income fractiles and its stability over time, (ii) measures of individual mobility that are not dependent on the fractile size: the degree of mobility between equally sized groups and mobility in ranks, and (iii) mobility's impact on top income shares. Persistence in top income fractiles is comparatively high and fairly stable across the analyzed period. Top income recipients are less prone to downward mobility and see less variation in annual ranks than less rich tax units. Mobility's impact on income concentration is moderate. The top percentile's share is reduced by roughly 5 percent over six years.
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This study uses a newly created panel dataset drawn from the 1997 to 2013 Agricultural Resource Management Survey to provide the first national estimates of income volatility for commercial farm households in the United States. Re...
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This study uses a newly created panel dataset drawn from the 1997 to 2013 Agricultural Resource Management Survey to provide the first national estimates of income volatility for commercial farm households in the United States. Results show that the income of commercial farm households is substantially more volatile than that of all U.S. households - though the volatility of farm income is not more volatile than income from nonfarm self-employment. Using a regression analysis, we identify operator, operation, and regional characteristics associated with higher income volatility, providing information that could improve targeting of risk-mitigating programs. We find that farm income volatility has declined for farms specializing in program crops in recent decades, supporting the hypothesis that the expansion of the federal crop insurance program helped reduce farm income risk.
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This study probes the reasons why increased income does not enhance happiness based on the effects of relative income and expected income. The study analysis is based on results from the Taiwan Social Change Survey from 1999 to 20...
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This study probes the reasons why increased income does not enhance happiness based on the effects of relative income and expected income. The study analysis is based on results from the Taiwan Social Change Survey from 1999 to 2002, using an ordered probit model. The findings demonstrate that the Taiwanese people are happier with an increase in absolute income. However, the marginal effect is reducing. In addition, relative income and expected income meet the expectation, indicating that people's happiness is not only related to absolute income, but also closely associated with the average income found in society and expected income. (C) 2014 Society for Policy Modeling. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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The introduction of the Income Index constructed by authors as well as the identification of demographic, socio-economic and occupation-related factors influencing the income of individuals in EU countries is the main contribution...
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The introduction of the Income Index constructed by authors as well as the identification of demographic, socio-economic and occupation-related factors influencing the income of individuals in EU countries is the main contribution of the paper. The Income Index makes it possible to analyze data of individuals from all EU countries. Results of a multiple hierarchical regression of EU-SILC microdata provide the factors that influence individuals' income. Thus, they show through which factors can be intervened in social policy settings to reduce income inequality. The findings confirm the specific position of single parent households in the labor market and their need for social support. Other factors significantly affecting the Income Index are the occupation sector (typically agriculture and accommodation and services are related to low incomes) and the degree of urbanization (rural areas with the lowest incomes of individuals).
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The paper studies how high-income taxpayers responded to the introduction of the "extraordinary tax on individuals" in Hungary in 2007. The study is based on a panel of tax returns containing information on 10 % of tax filers from...
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The paper studies how high-income taxpayers responded to the introduction of the "extraordinary tax on individuals" in Hungary in 2007. The study is based on a panel of tax returns containing information on 10 % of tax filers from 2005 and three subsequent years. We estimate the elasticity of taxable income with respect to the marginal net-of-tax rate and find that the taxable income of Hungarian high earners is moderately responsive to taxation: the estimated elasticity is about 0.24. We also find evidence for a sizeable income effect. The estimated effect is not caused by income shifting.
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Using income tax administrative data for Australia, we examine levels and trends in the persistence
in top-income group membership, focusing on the top 1 percent. Top-income persistence increased
markedly between 1991 and 2018, ...
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Using income tax administrative data for Australia, we examine levels and trends in the persistence
in top-income group membership, focusing on the top 1 percent. Top-income persistence increased
markedly between 1991 and 2018, with most of the increase occurring in the mid-2000s and early 2010s.
In the mid- to late-2010s, Australian top-income persistence rates were near the top of the range of
tax-data estimates for other countries.We decompose the increase into factors associated with (i) changes
in the composition of the top-income group and (ii) increases in persistence rates for specific population
subgroups.We find that the rise in top-income persistence is accounted for by changes in subgroup persistence
rates, notably for individuals aged 35–64, and especially those aged 55–64.We suggest that these
effects are partially related to increases in the effective retirement age over the relevant period.
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Purpose - Financial representation research has gained considerable attention among researchers. The argument is on representation preferences and the effect of graph versus text representation of financial data. The display forma...
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Purpose - Financial representation research has gained considerable attention among researchers. The argument is on representation preferences and the effect of graph versus text representation of financial data. The display format for net income (NI) and comprehensive income (CI) has been proven to influence users' financial decision-making process, depending upon users' characteristics. It is worth noting that millennials are users whose characteristics and cognitive skills differ from those of preceding generations. This study aims to unravel millennials' preferences for the earnings information and representation when making financial analysis and judgement, thus providing insight on their decision-making strategy, either perceptual or analytical. Design/methodology/approach - This study used a 2 × 2 full factorial of experimental design, in which the financial representation in the following two ways: the textual disclosure content (NI versus CI) and the graphical display content (NI versus CI) was manipulated. This study conducted an online experiment with a total of 60 final participants. Findings - The results reveal that textual disclosure of CI influences millennials' financial decisions. This study also discovered that millennials' financial decisions are unaffected by graphical displays of financial data as they place greater importance on textual financial data, particularly on CI representations, when making financial decisions. Research limitations/implications - Millennials are financial users who apply different financial analysis and judgement strategy from their predecessor. They value textual disclosure and CI when analysing firms' performance. Originality/value - This study contends that millennials are the financial users who will use analytical strategies while making financial decisions.
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