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Composite silica-hyaluronic acid (Si-HA) micro particles were synthesized, employing tetraethyl orthosil-icate (TEOS) in the presence of linear HA and a crosslinker, divinyl sulfone (DVS) via a water-in-oil micro-emulsion polymeri...
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Composite silica-hyaluronic acid (Si-HA) micro particles were synthesized, employing tetraethyl orthosil-icate (TEOS) in the presence of linear HA and a crosslinker, divinyl sulfone (DVS) via a water-in-oil micro-emulsion polymerization technique. Porous HA (PHA) hydrogel particles were generated after removal of silica particles upon treatment of HA composites with hydrofluoric acid (HF). Furthermore, HA particles were quaternized (QHA) by chemical modification using 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride as a quarternization agent. The size of HA based particles were ranged between 1.26 and 2.95 urn. The PHA particles have a surface area of 2.7 m~2/g confirmed by the surface area measurements. Modified HA particles were used in the absorption and release studies of two model drugs in PBS, trimethoprim (TMP) and sodium diclofenac (SDF) which are acidic and basic in nature, respectively. The ability to control the size, charge and porosity of the HA particles which showed almost linear drug release profiles.
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This discussion points out that the available data of the Lake Ha! Ha! Dam failure, classified as useful for models’ validation purposes by Aureli et al. (2021), present serious shortcomings that should move the Lake Ha! Ha! Dam ...
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This discussion points out that the available data of the Lake Ha! Ha! Dam failure, classified as useful for models’ validation purposes by Aureli et al. (2021), present serious shortcomings that should move the Lake Ha! Ha! Dam from Aureli et al.’s well-documented test cases to cases with partial or inaccurate datasets.
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On September 11, 2001, there were four coordinated terrorist attacks in America carried out by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda. Two planes crashed into the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York (razing them to the...
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On September 11, 2001, there were four coordinated terrorist attacks in America carried out by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda. Two planes crashed into the twin towers of the World Trade Center in New York (razing them to the ground), one plane crashed into the Pentagon, and a fourth plane never made it to its intended target—crashing instead in a field in Pennsylvania thanks to passengers who sacrificed their lives to stand up to the terrorists who hijacked their plane. These attacks were driven by a deep-seated moral conviction that Americans needed to pay a price for their transgressions around the world. In this respect, the terrorist attacks were blowback for what were perceived to be past American sins. All told, nearly 3,000 innocent people were killed and more than 6,000 more were injured. Americans were unsurprisingly outraged and they demanded that someone pay a price for these cowardly deeds. Predictably misguided wars were launched in Afghanistan and Iraq— which have subsequently cost upwards of $6 trillion.
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The present study was carried out under six different forest types viz. Dry Shiwalik Sal forest, Northern Dry Mixed Deciduous forest, Dry Deciduous Scrub forest, Lower Shiwalik Chirpine forest, Dry Riverine forest and Acacia catec...
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The present study was carried out under six different forest types viz. Dry Shiwalik Sal forest, Northern Dry Mixed Deciduous forest, Dry Deciduous Scrub forest, Lower Shiwalik Chirpine forest, Dry Riverine forest and Acacia catechu plantation to estimate natural regeneration of A. catechu as well as total regeneration (including other species) in the low hills of Himachal Pradesh. Total regeneration percent was maximum under Dry Deciduous Scrub forest while regeneration percent of A. catechu was maximum under Lower Shiwalik Chirpine forest. Statistically significant variations were observed for all the parameters under different forest types. Soil studies were also undertaken in different forest types and organic carbon percent and available nitrogen was higher under Dry Shiwalik Sal forest followed by Lower Shiwalik Chirpine forest. The regeneration percent was higher under Lower Shiwalik Chirpine forest.
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The present study was carried out under six different forest types viz. Dry Shiwalik Sal forest, Northern Dry Mixed Deciduous forest, Dry Deciduous Scrub forest, Lower Shiwalik Chirpine forest, Dry Riverine forest and Acacia catec...
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The present study was carried out under six different forest types viz. Dry Shiwalik Sal forest, Northern Dry Mixed Deciduous forest, Dry Deciduous Scrub forest, Lower Shiwalik Chirpine forest, Dry Riverine forest and Acacia catechu plantation to estimate natural regeneration of A. catechu as well as total regeneration (including other species) in the low hills of Himachal Pradesh. Total regeneration percent was maximum under Dry Deciduous Scrub forest while regeneration percent of A. catechu was maximum under Lower Shiwalik Chirpine forest. Statistically significant variations were observed for all the parameters under different forest types. Soil studies were also undertaken in different forest types and organic carbon percent and available nitrogen was higher under Dry Shiwalik Sal forest followed by Lower Shiwalik Chirpine forest. The regeneration percent was higher under Lower Shiwalik Chirpine forest.
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The incidence of brain metastases in breast cancer patients has increased in the last years. However, the knowledge about tumor cell invasion in the brain is still very limited. Based on our recent study on cDNA microarray data of...
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The incidence of brain metastases in breast cancer patients has increased in the last years. However, the knowledge about tumor cell invasion in the brain is still very limited. Based on our recent study on cDNA microarray data of breast cancer patients, we hypothesized that two enzymes involved in the hyaluronan metabolism, namely, hyaluronan synthase 2 (HAS2) and hyaluronidase 1 (HYAL1) are associated with brain metastases formation.
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Background Histological analysis of hyaluronic acid (HA) applied in the nasolabial fold (NLF) studied gel distribution into the dermis and subcutaneous fat, correlating density of NLF tissues, with cohesivity, concentration and de...
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Background Histological analysis of hyaluronic acid (HA) applied in the nasolabial fold (NLF) studied gel distribution into the dermis and subcutaneous fat, correlating density of NLF tissues, with cohesivity, concentration and degradation of HA. Method Ten patients received two injection points on each NLF. They were intradermal near the nasal ala and subcutaneous near the oral commissure. Injection points received 0.1 ml of 24 mg/ml HA cross-linked by BDDE 2.0 ppm through a bolus technique injection without retrograde backflow. Biopsies were taken 72 h and 9 months after application to histological analysis. Results Dermis density fragmented the gel into small nodules, spreading it into the reticular dermis. Seventy-two hours after application, average diameter of the small nodules was 0.30 mm and at month nine 0.05 mm. Softness of the subcutaneous fat and high concentration of HA created a single and compact nodule. Seventy-two hours after application, average of nodule diameters was 1.05 mm and at month nine 0.49 mm. HA biodegradation occurred on the external surface of the gel. The single nodule offered small contact surface to enzymes, slowing gel degradation. The sum average of the diameters of the small nodules offered a large contact surface to enzymes, accelerating gel degradation. Conclusion Permanence of the HA into the tissues depended on the relationship between the gel distribution and its degradation. Due to the small contact surface of the single nodule to enzymes, permanence of the HA into the subcutaneous fat was more extended than into the dermis.
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