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The composition of the soil organic matter in soil developing under the influence of vegetation during the primary succession in the poor sandy area was investigated. The Curie-point pyrolysis method coupled with gas chromatograph...
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The composition of the soil organic matter in soil developing under the influence of vegetation during the primary succession in the poor sandy area was investigated. The Curie-point pyrolysis method coupled with gas chromatographic separation and mass spectrometric identification of pyrolysates was applied during the investigation. A comparison of occurrence and diversity in composition of organic compounds in plant tissues and humus horizon of soils under the communities of coniferous forest series in the initial stages and phases was carried out. A large diversity of organic compounds under Algae-Cyanophyta communities, biological soil crusts and Polytrichum piliferum was noticed. A clear differentiation in the composition of the soil organic matter at different phases of succession under predominating communities with cryptogamous and vascular plants was observed. The analysis of organic compounds in plant tissues was found to facilitate the determination of origin of various groups of organic compounds in the soil. The results obtained from the Curie point pyrograms in the humus horizon (A) under grasses (Corynephorus canescens, Koeleria glauca) differed from the pyrolysates obtained under Algae-Cyanophyta communities. The polysaccharide derivates are more frequent in the pyrolysis products under algae, grasses (Corynephorus canescens, Koeleria glauca) and mosses than under Pinus sylvestris. In the beginning of the terminal stage of succession, lignin, phenols and aliphatic substances, prevailed over the polysaccharide derivates in the humus horizon.
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à l'occasion d'une visite au Portugal, effectué en juin 2013, Jacques Delors, président de la Commission européenne de 1985 à 1994 et fondateur du think tank Notre Europe a accordé un entretien à Teresa de Sousa du quotidie...
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à l'occasion d'une visite au Portugal, effectué en juin 2013, Jacques Delors, président de la Commission européenne de 1985 à 1994 et fondateur du think tank Notre Europe a accordé un entretien à Teresa de Sousa du quotidien portugais Público dans lequel il analyse les racines de la crise européenne et donne son point de vue sur les mesures prises pour y faire face. Au cours de cet écbange, il revient sur le role des institutions européennes durant la crise et notamment de la Commission européenne et de la Banque centrale européenne (BCE). L'ancien président de la Commission formule enfin un certain nombre de recommandations susceptibles de redonner aux peuples européens confiance dans l'avenir.
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Attentive Neutron News readers might have come across Miriam F?rster's contribution on the European funded projects NMI3 and SINE2020 in one of the latest issues [1]. The Neutron and Muon Infrastructure Integrating Initiative (NMI...
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Attentive Neutron News readers might have come across Miriam F?rster's contribution on the European funded projects NMI3 and SINE2020 in one of the latest issues [1]. The Neutron and Muon Infrastructure Integrating Initiative (NMI3) was launched 2009. Including the last successful project SINE2020 [2], the European Commission supported the European neutron community with about ?23 million within the framework of the research and innovation program HORIZON2020. Many neutron users might have known NMI3 through the so-called TNA (trans-national access) funding, which fi nancially supported the access to national neutron and muon facilities.
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As a field guide, this book is at the large end of the spectrum, but if you are looking for something comprehensive for Britain and Europe, this is the book for you. With many species of wildlife, especially shy mammals, seeing th...
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As a field guide, this book is at the large end of the spectrum, but if you are looking for something comprehensive for Britain and Europe, this is the book for you. With many species of wildlife, especially shy mammals, seeing the animal itself is often very difficult; it is far easier to find its poo! All animals leave tracks and signs of their whereabouts including footprints, marks on trees and scat and this book covers all of these. The first part of the book covers tracks and signs with the second half going through each species in detail.
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This paper takes its starting point in the public discourse, of politicians and academics, that suggests that Europe, specifically the European Union, is suffering from a 'crisis of identity'. This is believed to stem from the rec...
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This paper takes its starting point in the public discourse, of politicians and academics, that suggests that Europe, specifically the European Union, is suffering from a 'crisis of identity'. This is believed to stem from the recent enlargements, the pending 'problem of Turkey', and disarray over the European Constitution. This issue is addressed in two ways: first, through an exploration of the main current models and meanings of 'Europe', and second, applying an anthropological approach to identity, through examining the relationship between models and meanings of 'Europe' and local, regional, ethnic and national identities. In the first place, this suggests that there is not, and cannot be, agreement over the shape and meaning of 'Europe'. There is, rather, rooted in histories, geographies, politics, and cultures, a range of different Europes, which only coincide imperfectly, at best. In the second place, Europe is always viewed from local, regional, ethnic and national points of view. Each approach converges on the same conclusion: there can never be a clear-cut, consensual unified model of Europe. This is a normal situation, not a crisis, and, if anything, is one of the strengths of the European Union project.
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Fourteen species of Acarosporaceae are reported for Belarus in the genera Acarospora, Caeruleum, Myriospora, and Sarcogyne. The species Acarospora admissa and Acarospora intermedia are revised. Acarospora discreta and A. durietzii...
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Fourteen species of Acarosporaceae are reported for Belarus in the genera Acarospora, Caeruleum, Myriospora, and Sarcogyne. The species Acarospora admissa and Acarospora intermedia are revised. Acarospora discreta and A. durietzii are treated as synonyms of A. admissa. Lectotypes are designated for A. admissa and Parmelia squamulosa var. discreta. Acarospora admissa is reported as new from Belarus, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, and Poland. Acarospora intermedia is reported as new from Belarus, Czech Republic, Italy, and the Russian Federation. Acarospora sibirica is reported as new to Europe and not recognized as a synonym of A. impressula. Sarcogyne hypophaeoides is reported new for North America (Ontario, Canada) and for Belarus, France, and Italy.
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Introduction: There has been wide recognition of the health divide between Western Europe and the former socialist countries from Central and Eastern Europe. However, these have not been assessed in terms of burden of disease, and...
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Introduction: There has been wide recognition of the health divide between Western Europe and the former socialist countries from Central and Eastern Europe. However, these have not been assessed in terms of burden of disease, and the effect of stroke has not been fully elucidated, especially in terms of time trends. Methods: The West-Eastern European stroke burden was analysed using data from the Global Burden of Stroke (GBD) Study 2019 in terms of disability-adjusted life years lost (DALYs) and years of life lost (YLL) over the period 1990-2019 by gender. Data were extracted on a regional (West, Central, and East Europe) and country level for the twenty former socialist countries from Central and East Europe according to GBD regional definitions. We focused on the trends of age-standardized stroke DALY rates across the three decades and compared them with the average rates for West Europe. Main Findings: All Central and East European countries experienced a decline in all-cause disease burden between 1990 and 2019, and a gap was confirmed between the East, the Central, and the West European region for men but not for women. The age-standardized stroke DALY rates declined in the three European regions and in all twenty Central and East European countries but at a different pace. The stroke DALY rates among women exhibited the greatest decline in the West -59% (95% UI [-60; -57]) followed by the Central European region -48% (95% UI [-53; -42]) and lowest among women in East Europe -37% (95% UI [-43; -29]). The decline in men was even higher than among women -61% (95% UI [-63; -60]), while in Central Europe it was -43% (95% UI [-50; -37]) and in the East -25% (95% UI [-34; -14]), leading to widening of the gap between East, Central, and West Europe in relation to stroke burden. YLL represented more than 70% of stroke DALYs and more than 90% of DALYs for men in East European countries. Conclusions: The burden of stroke contributes to the European health gap through preventable premature stroke deaths. There are some very successful countries in stroke burden management from both Central (Slovenia, Czech Republic, and Hungary) and East Europe (Estonia), suggesting that closing the health gap between East and West is a realistic aim.
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In our paper we analyze the influence of climatic changes on annual price fluctuations (harvest year) of agricultural products in Germany during the 16th century price revolution. The price series under analysis are from Nuremberg...
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In our paper we analyze the influence of climatic changes on annual price fluctuations (harvest year) of agricultural products in Germany during the 16th century price revolution. The price series under analysis are from Nuremberg, Cologne, Augsburg, and Munich. The prices are compared with quarterly climatic indices for Germany, which cover the observation period 1500-1599. The main finding is that the length of the vegetation period is an important factor in determining grain price fluctuations. During the climatic deterioration in the 16th century, there is some evidence that the impact of climate (and therefore of supply fluctuations) on grain price fluctuations increases.
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