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Indonesia is a nutmeg exporter with the highest export value during 2012?2020. However, the growth of Indonesia's export value is lower than its competitors. Therefore, to maintain its position as a major exporter, it is important...
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Indonesia is a nutmeg exporter with the highest export value during 2012?2020. However, the growth of Indonesia's export value is lower than its competitors. Therefore, to maintain its position as a major exporter, it is important to know its competitiveness. This study aims to explain the competitiveness of Indonesian nutmeg in the world and in ten export destinations. In addition, this study was conducted to analyze the competitive position in the export destination market. The study uses secondary data from UN Comtrade. The data are Indonesian export values of whole and powdered nutmeg in the international market and in ten destination countries during 2012?2020. The data were processed using revealed comparative advantage (RCA) and dynamic revealed comparative advantage (DRCA) analysis. The results showed that Indonesian whole and powdered nutmeg were competitive in the world market. However, the competitiveness is lower than nutmeg competitiveness of Sri Lanka. Indonesian nutmegs in ten destination markets are also competitive, with the highest competitiveness being in Italy and Germany. Nevertheless, the always positive growth of competitiveness from two products occurred in Japan, thus make Japan's competitive position in rising star during the period of 2018?2020. Increasing the competitiveness of nutmeg can be done by increasing the export value of the product through regulations by the government regarding post-harvest handling so that there is only a small amount of aflatoxin. In addition, the government can more focus on increasing exports to Japan.
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Comparators are very important circuits that can be found in a variety of applications, especially comparators whose reference level can be controlled. In this paper, a voltage-controlled comparator whose reference voltage is cont...
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Comparators are very important circuits that can be found in a variety of applications, especially comparators whose reference level can be controlled. In this paper, a voltage-controlled comparator whose reference voltage is controlled by a control voltage and a programmable comparator whose reference voltage is controlled by an input bit pattern are presented. These two comparators are analyzed quantitatively. The performance of the two proposed comparators is verified by simulation using the Berkeley predictive-technology models (BPTM) of the 45-, 32-, 22-, and 16-nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technologies with power-supply voltages, V-DD, of 1, 0.9, 0.8, and 0.7 V, respectively. The proposed controlled comparator is compared with the conventional latch-type comparator from the points of view of the response time, the output amplitude, and the power consumption.
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A strobed, sensitive analog comparator has been developed for use in the NBS Data Converter Test Facility. The comparator has a sensitivity of 1.5 μV and a response time of 30 μs to within 10 μV following input steps up to 20 V...
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A strobed, sensitive analog comparator has been developed for use in the NBS Data Converter Test Facility. The comparator has a sensitivity of 1.5 μV and a response time of 30 μs to within 10 μV following input steps up to 20 V. Signal voltages up to ± 10 V are compared with reference voltage levels of opposite polarity, using a precision resistive divider. The input offset has a temperature coefficient of −1 μV/°C and changes less than ±5 μV under worst case dynamic conditions. Following a strobe pulse, the digital output is retained until the next strobe pulse. Optical isolators provide isolation between the analog and digital circuits.
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In this paper, we study how to extract comparative sentences from Korean text documents. We decom-pose our task into three steps: (1) collecting comparative keywords; (2) extracting comparative-sentence candidates by keyword searc...
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In this paper, we study how to extract comparative sentences from Korean text documents. We decom-pose our task into three steps: (1) collecting comparative keywords; (2) extracting comparative-sentence candidates by keyword searching; and (3) eliminating non-comparative sentences from these candidates using machine learning techniques. We perform various experiments to find relevant features. As a result, our experiments show significant performance, an Fl-score of 90.23%.
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Abstract In this work, we design and simulate carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNTFET) based open-loop and dynamic comparators and compared the performance with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) based open loo...
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Abstract In this work, we design and simulate carbon nanotube field effect transistor (CNTFET) based open-loop and dynamic comparators and compared the performance with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) based open loop and dynamic comparators. Four types of comparators have been designed; a two-stage comparators, a push–pull output comparators, dynamic comparators and double-tail dynamic comparator (DTDC), employing 32?nm technology node using CNTFETs and the conventional MOSFETs. A comparative analysis of key performance measuring parameters such as output voltage, rise time, fall time, duty cycle, average power and slew rate and area etc. have been done. The simulation studies have shown that the CNTFET based comparators consumes lesser power by 3 orders, results in higher speed and gives output close to their supply rails in comparison to CMOS based comparators. Further, effects of variation in temperature on frequency and power have been thoroughly studied. Simulation results show that CNTFET based comparators gives insensitive behavior for variation in temperature. All the proposed circuits are fully integrable because of the use of active components in the circuits.
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Gain and offset represent two important measures to determine the accuracy of a comparator. Thus, analysis on these parameters is very important as they offer designers better understanding of the circuit and allow exploring trade...
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Gain and offset represent two important measures to determine the accuracy of a comparator. Thus, analysis on these parameters is very important as they offer designers better understanding of the circuit and allow exploring trade-offs during design. In this paper, two methods were presented to derive a set of design equations that describe the gain, sensitivity, offset, and systematic mismatches observed in typical comparator circuits. A three-stage, fast complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) comparator structure is analysed and simulated in order to validate the proposed methods. A 0.13m CMOS technology is used for simulations with 1.5V supply voltage. Bisection theorem was used for gain and sensitivity analysis. Simulation results show that high gain improvement can be possible by using the design equations. The input offset voltage, due to mismatch in the width of the metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET) (W) and mismatches in the threshold voltages of the N and P type MOSFETs (V-THN, V-THP), is analysed using a proposed balanced method. The same comparator structure is used for the input offset voltage analysis. Simulations show that an offset improvement can be achieved following the design equations found through the proposed method.
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Cardamine violifolia was found here to accumulate selenium (Se) to over 9000 mg kg(-1) dry weight. To investigate the mechanism of Se accumulation and tolerance in C. violifolia, metabolome, transcriptome, and proteome technologie...
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Cardamine violifolia was found here to accumulate selenium (Se) to over 9000 mg kg(-1) dry weight. To investigate the mechanism of Se accumulation and tolerance in C. violifolia, metabolome, transcriptome, and proteome technologies were applied to C. violifolia seedlings treated with selenate. Several sulfate transporter (Sultr) genes (Sultr1;1, Sultr1;2, and Sultr2;1) and sulfur assimilatory enzyme genes showed high expression levels in response to selenate. Many calcium protein and cysteine-rich kinase genes of C. violifolia were downregulated, whereas selenium-binding protein 1 (SBP1) and protein sulfur deficiency-induced 2 (SDI2) of C. violifolia were upregulated by selenate. The expression of genes involved in the ribosome and posttranslational modifications and chaperones in C. violifolia were also detected in response to selenate. Based on the results of this study and previous findings, we suggest that the downregulated expression of calcium proteins and cysteine-rich kinases, and the upregulated expression of SBP1 and SDI2, were important contributors to the Se tolerance of C. violifolia. The downregulation of cysteine-rich kinases and calcium proteins would enhance Se tolerance of C. violifolia is a novel proposition that has not been reported on other Se hyperaccumulators. This study provides us novel insights to understand Se accumulation and tolerance in plants.
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This paper presents a high-sensitivity high-speed dynamic voltage comparator, which is a key component for low power CMOS mixed signal applications. The proposed dynamic comparator employs ten transistors with only one cross-coupl...
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This paper presents a high-sensitivity high-speed dynamic voltage comparator, which is a key component for low power CMOS mixed signal applications. The proposed dynamic comparator employs ten transistors with only one cross-coupled latch to reduce the circuit complexity. The parallel clocked input switches reduce parasitic resistance in the latch ground path that results in a significant decrease in latch delay time. In addition, a symmetric, three stacked transistor, single stage architecture reduces the process variation effects, increases input sensitivity and provides more head room for low power-supply applications. The proposed design is implemented in 90 nm CMOS with 1.2 V power supply and 0.6 V reference voltage, and it provides 30 mu V resolution, 105.6 mu W power consumption at 2 GHz clock frequency. (C) 2020 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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Dieser Artikel biete eine Einführung in jüngere Debatten über Area Studies und ihren weniger bekannten „Cousin“ Vergleichende Area Studies. Obwohl aus politikwissenschaftlicher Perspektive verfasst, beziehen sich viele der in...
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Dieser Artikel biete eine Einführung in jüngere Debatten über Area Studies und ihren weniger bekannten „Cousin“ Vergleichende Area Studies. Obwohl aus politikwissenschaftlicher Perspektive verfasst, beziehen sich viele der in dem Artikel behandelten Aspekte auch auf andere Disziplinen. Wir zeigen zunächst einige der Entwicklungen und Debatten auf, die auf die Area Studies seit Ende des Kalten Krieges eingewirkt haben. Im Anschluss weisen wir auf einige zeitgenössische Verständnisse von Area Studies hin und präsentieren unsere eigene Definition von Vergleichenden Area Studies. Die Bedeutung sowohl von Area Studies als auch Vergleichenden Area Studies wird in einem weiteren Schritt herausgearbeitet. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit gilt im Folgenden zwei methodologischen Herausforderungen, vor denen Vergleichende Area Studies stehen: der Gebrauch von Konzepten und die Auswahl geeigneter Forschungsstrategien. Eine Zusammenfassung der zentralen Punkte schließt das Papier ab.
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This paper looks at one area of potential crosslinguistic variation in comparatives. It has recently been claimed that Japanese clausal comparatives lack degree abstraction structures in the complement of yori 'than'. Based on dat...
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This paper looks at one area of potential crosslinguistic variation in comparatives. It has recently been claimed that Japanese clausal comparatives lack degree abstraction structures in the complement of yori 'than'. Based on data from several empirical domains such as predicative adjectival comparatives, intensional contexts, and negative islands, this paper shows that Japanese clausal comparatives do not in general contrast with their English counterparts in the way predicted by the above claim. The syntactic and semantic phenomena observed in Japanese clausal comparatives receive straightforward accounts if we assume that they do involve degree abstraction and degree comparison, along the lines familiar from analyses of their English counterparts.
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