摘要 :
We consider four different generalizations of bags (alias multisets). We first discuss Yager's fuzzy bags having different sets of operations. It is shown that one is not a generalization of fuzzy sets but a mapping of them into f...
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We consider four different generalizations of bags (alias multisets). We first discuss Yager's fuzzy bags having different sets of operations. It is shown that one is not a generalization of fuzzy sets but a mapping of them into fuzzy bags, since operations are inconsistent between the two, while the other includes fuzzy sets as particular cases. Third type is called real-valued bags which is simpler than the former two and is a kind of the reduction of fuzzy bags. Finally, the fourth generalization called G-bags includes all three except the first type. It is a minimal extension of the second and the third generalizations. Bag relations are defined for the third type of real-valued bags, which can further be generalized for G-bags.
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This paper presents an overview of the existing notions of Bags, Fuzzy Bags, IC-Bags, IF-Bags and Fuzzy IC-Bags. Based on these notions, the concept of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Bags with Interval Counts (Intuitionistic fuzzy IC-Bags) ...
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This paper presents an overview of the existing notions of Bags, Fuzzy Bags, IC-Bags, IF-Bags and Fuzzy IC-Bags. Based on these notions, the concept of Intuitionistic Fuzzy Bags with Interval Counts (Intuitionistic fuzzy IC-Bags) is proposed. Further, some characteristics of Intuitionistic fuzzy IC-Bags are studied, and some examples are furnished in this context.
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In the present paper, the bag structure viewed by Yager is studied. Complementation of bags and fuzzy bags is done, Cartesian product of bags is Defined and some propositions are proved.
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We describe a modification of a protocol for the isolation of BAG DNA using a silica membrane-based kit designed for the isolation of plasmid DNA. The major advantages of this protocol are the expediency of the procedure, the high...
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We describe a modification of a protocol for the isolation of BAG DNA using a silica membrane-based kit designed for the isolation of plasmid DNA. The major advantages of this protocol are the expediency of the procedure, the high yield and purity, and the high quality of the BAG DNA that is suitable for direct sequencing.
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In this work we develop an effective formalism for nuclear matter based on the fuzzy bag model. The main objective of our study is to discuss the feasibility of using the fuzzy bag model to describe nuclear matter properties. The ...
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In this work we develop an effective formalism for nuclear matter based on the fuzzy bag model. The main objective of our study is to discuss the feasibility of using the fuzzy bag model to describe nuclear matter properties. The physical system is described in our approach by an internal energy function, which has a free term, corresponding to a free Fermi gas, and an interacting one. In the interacting part, pion exchange is taken into account via an effective potential. To avoid superposition of nucleons, we introduce an exclusion volume à la Van der Waals. The internal energy function depends on the nuclear matter density and also on a parameter which will determine the expected volume of a nucleon in matter. We then obtain results for the binding energy per nucleon for the symmetric nuclear matter and for neutron matter, as well as the equation of state within this model. We then determine the mass of neutron stars in hydrostatic equilibrium, using the TOV equations. In spite of utilizing a treatment that is still very preliminary, our results show the feasibility of using this treatment to describe nuclear matter properties.
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Bans on single-use plastic shopping bags are amongst the most popular policy interventions taken by governments to address the harms associated with plastics. Yet, there are few published studies on their effectiveness and durabil...
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Bans on single-use plastic shopping bags are amongst the most popular policy interventions taken by governments to address the harms associated with plastics. Yet, there are few published studies on their effectiveness and durability. This article addresses this gap, presenting the results of a study on the impacts of a ban on single-use plastic bags introduced in the Australian Capital Territory in 2011. The study assessed whether the ban has reduced plastic bag consumption and litter, and whether community support for the ban was sustainable. The results suggests the ban has not been overly effective in reducing plastic bag consumption or litter. Over the almost seven-year study period, between 2011 and 2018, the ban reduced consumption of single-use conventional polyethylene bags by similar to 2600 tonnes. However, these reductions were largely offset by increases in the consumption of other bags. The net effect of the ban on plastic consumption over the period was relatively minor; a 275 t reduction. Notwithstanding this, the ban is widely supported. When it was first introduced, 58 % of the community supported the ban. By 2018, this had increased to 68 %. The article explores the implications of the results and the need for better information on plastic bag consumption.
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The concept of IF-Bags was introduced by the author as a generalization of the notion of fuzzy bags. In case of IF-Bags, each element is associated with a crisp bag drawn from the Cartesian product I × I of the unit interval I = ...
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The concept of IF-Bags was introduced by the author as a generalization of the notion of fuzzy bags. In case of IF-Bags, each element is associated with a crisp bag drawn from the Cartesian product I × I of the unit interval I = [0, 1]. This paper introduces a method for quantitatively measuring the similarity between two IF-Bags. As a consequence, the notions of a measure of coherence and a measure of hesitancy between two IF-Bags are also introduced. It is observed that the measure of coherence and the measure of hesitancy between the IF-Bags can be regarded as crucial factors in case of scenario evaluation as well as grading that relates to knowledge representation in soft decision analysis problems.
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Purpose: The neuroendocrinology of female sex hormones is of great interest for a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. In fact, estrogens and estrogen receptors (ERs) exert neuromodulatory and neuroprotective functions. Here we ...
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Purpose: The neuroendocrinology of female sex hormones is of great interest for a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. In fact, estrogens and estrogen receptors (ERs) exert neuromodulatory and neuroprotective functions. Here we investigated potential targets of the ER subtype alpha that may mediate neuroprotection and focused on direct modulators and downstream executors of apoptosis. Methods: We employed subclones of human neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-MC) stably transfected with one of the ER subtypes, ERalpha or ERbeta. Differences between the cell lines regarding the mRNA expression levels were examined by qPCR, changes on protein levels were examined by Western Blot and immunocytochemistry. Differences concerning apoptosis induction were analysed by cell survival assays which included primary rat neurons. Results: In this report we show a potent protection against apoptosis-stimuli in ERalpha expressing cells compared to controls lacking ERalpha. In fact, almost a complete silencing of Caspase 3 expression in SK-ERalpha cells compared to SK-01 control transfected cells was observed. In addition, prosurvival bcl2, bag1 and bag3 expression was highly up-regulated in the presence of ERalpha. Conclusion: Taken together, we identified Caspase 3, BAG1 and BAG3 as key targets of ERalpha in neuronal cells that may play a role in ERalpha-mediated neuroprotection.
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We analyze the implications of quantum hadrodynamics (QHD) and quantum chromodynamics (QCD) to model, respectively, two distinct phases of nuclear matter, a baryonmeson phase and a quark-gluon phase. We develop an equation of stat...
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We analyze the implications of quantum hadrodynamics (QHD) and quantum chromodynamics (QCD) to model, respectively, two distinct phases of nuclear matter, a baryonmeson phase and a quark-gluon phase. We develop an equation of state (EoS) in the framework of a quark-meson coupling model for the hadron-meson phase using a new version of the fuzzy bag model with scalar-isoscalar, vector-isoscalax and vector-isovector meson-quark couplings and leptonic degrees of freedom as well as the constrains from chemical equilibrium, baryon number and electric charge conservation. We model the EoS for the QGP phase for asymptotically free massless quarks and gluons using the MIT approach and a temperature and baryon chemical potential dependent bag constant, B(T, mu), which allows an isentropic equilibrium phase transition from a QGP to a hadron gas as determined by thermodynamics. Our predictions yield the EoS and static global properties of neutron stars and protoneutron stars at low and moderate values of temperature. Our results are slightly modified in comparison to predictions based on the standard MIT bag model with a constant bag pressure B.
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