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This article compares efforts to curb German military power after 1919 with attempts to limit that of Iraq after 1991. It argues that incomplete defeat in each case, compounded by disputes among the victors (exploited by the Germa...
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This article compares efforts to curb German military power after 1919 with attempts to limit that of Iraq after 1991. It argues that incomplete defeat in each case, compounded by disputes among the victors (exploited by the Germans and Iraqis) undermined a long-term maintenance of each settlement. UNSCOM's problems in Iraq in the 1990s replicated much of what had hamstrung the IMCC in Germany in the 1920s. Crucial was the lack of autonomous intelligence and verification capabilities, enabling the targeted regimes to defy inspections, whilst challenging the impartiality and legitimacy of the enforcers. Facing devious and unrepentant adversaries, both inspection regimes survived barely seven years. In both cases a second war would ensue against the non-compliers - Germany in 1939, Iraq in 2003.
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Measurements of erect height in older people, hospitalized and bedridden patients, and people with skeletal deformity is difficult. As a result, using body mass index for assessing nutritional status is not valid. Height estimated...
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Measurements of erect height in older people, hospitalized and bedridden patients, and people with skeletal deformity is difficult. As a result, using body mass index for assessing nutritional status is not valid. Height estimated from linear body measurements such as arm span, knee height, and half arm span was shown to be useful surrogate measures of stature. However, the relationship between linear body measurements and stature varies across populations implying the need for the development of population-specific prediction equation. The objective of this study was to develop a formula that predicts height from arm span, half arm span, and knee height for Ethiopian adults and assess its agreement with measured height. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 15 to April 21, 2016 in Jimma University among a total of 660 (330 females and 330 males) subjects aged 18-40?years. A two-stage sampling procedure was employed to select study participants. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire and measurement of anthropometric parameters. The data were edited and entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS for windows version 20 for cleaning and analyses. Linear regression model was fitted to predict height from knee height, half arm span, and arm span. Bland-Altman analysis was employed to see the agreement between actual height and predicted heights. P values <?0.05 was used to declare as statistically significance. On multivariable linear regression analyses after adjusting for age and sex, arm span (β?=?0.63, p?<?0.001, R2?=?87%), half arm span (β?=?1.05, p?<?0.001, R2?=?83%), and knee height (β?=?1.62, p?<?0.001, R2?=?84%) predicted height significantly. The Bland-Altman analyses showed a good agreement between measured height and predicted height using all the three linear body measurements. The findings imply that in the context where height cannot be measured, height predicted from arm span, half arm span, and knee height is a valid proxy indicator of height. Arm span was found to be the best predictor of height. The prediction equations can be used to assess the nutritional status of hospitalized and/or bedridden patients, people with skeletal deformity, and elderly population in Ethiopia.
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A tetra-armed cyclen bearing two benzo-15-crown-5 ethers in the side arms (1) is reported. When 1 equiv of Ag~+ is added to 1, the aromatic side arms cover the Ag~+ incorporated in the cyclen. Upon the addition of more than 1 equi...
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A tetra-armed cyclen bearing two benzo-15-crown-5 ethers in the side arms (1) is reported. When 1 equiv of Ag~+ is added to 1, the aromatic side arms cover the Ag~+ incorporated in the cyclen. Upon the addition of more than 1 equiv of Ag~+ to 1, the cyclen moiety binds Ag~+ first, before the crown ether in the side arms subsequently binds Ag~+. The log K_(11), log K_(12), and log K_(13) values for the 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 (= 1/Ag~+) complexes were estimated to be 9.4, 5.8, and 4.0, respectively. We found that the tetra-armed cyclen possessing crown ethers in the side arms behaves like an argentivorous molecule even though the crown ether arms bind metal cations.
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Electrocardiography (ECG) is a medical diagnostic procedure used to record the electrical activity of the heart and display it as a waveform. For picking the ECG waveform, wet and dry electrodes can be utilized. Lots of dry electr...
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Electrocardiography (ECG) is a medical diagnostic procedure used to record the electrical activity of the heart and display it as a waveform. For picking the ECG waveform, wet and dry electrodes can be utilized. Lots of dry electrode related studies have been carried out in different parts of the world. This paper focuses on the acquisition of ECG from the left arm and right arm separately and comparing the waveforms and gain required for the system. In addition to that, different dry electrode materials and dimensions are used to check the acquisition of ECG waveform from the single arm. Dry electrodes employed in this study include copper, brass, phosphor bronze and nickel silver. The various dimensions used in this study are 3 cm×3 cm×0.5 mm, 2.5 cm×2.7 cm×0.5 mm, 2.5 cm×2.5 cm×0.5 mm, 2 cm×3 cm×0.5 mm, 2 cm×2 cm×0.5mm and 1 cm×3 cm×0.5 mm. A total of five healthy subjects are used in this study for the acquisition of ECG. The results are very much promising in that the gain required for the left arm ECG system is less than that needed for the right arm ECG system and moreover a clear ECG is obtained from the left arm compared to the right arm ECG waveform. All the dry electrodes used in the study can pick the ECG except for the dimension 1 cm×3 cm×0.5 mm. Copper and brass provide stable output compared to nickel silver and phosphor bronze.
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Background: Body composition is most commonly assessed by anthropometry like body Mass index, 60 % of human body weight is composed of water, rest 40% of body is composed of protein, fat and minerals and body composition between s...
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Background: Body composition is most commonly assessed by anthropometry like body Mass index, 60 % of human body weight is composed of water, rest 40% of body is composed of protein, fat and minerals and body composition between skinfold. Body weight is determined by leanness. Human body composition can be divided into the following major components: Fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM). FM is the absolute amount of body fat, including all extractable lipids from adipose and other tissues. The FFM consists of all residual chemicals. Methods: The anthropometric measurements of height, weight, MUAC and TSF were recorded using standard procedures .Height is measured by anthropometer rod it is measured distance from floor to vertex. The participants were requested to remove their shoes prior to their measurement and wear minimum light clothing when they were on the weighing machine. The weighing machine was checked from time to time to set zero. The MUAC was taken at the point midway between the acromion and the radiale of the upperarm using a plastic coated non-stretchable measuring tape on the left side to the nearest 0.10 cm. Standing behind the subject the triceps skinfold was picked up with thumb and index figure. Approximately 1 cm proximal to marked level and jaws of caliper were applied to skinfold at previously marked level and measurement was taken. To analyse data spsss20 was used. Results: In present study mid upper arm circumference is increased by age which is shown in one way ANOVA. F=193.45 which shows significant relation in frequency of UMA, UFE, UME. It was also represented that age wise change in UMA, UME which represents that growth spurts in 10-18 years. Conclusion: Upper arm measurement, Upper arm fat area, MUAC are increases with age, this study is on adolescence girls, in every human life cycle adolescence is that when growth spurt occurs so result that study is also representing it. This study shows girls are malnourished, need nutritional supplement to improve their health.
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Automation in clinical chemistry has progressed with a change from rigid to very flexible instruments. To support high flexibility, accuracy and personalization, the new concept of automatic clinical laboratory systems are require...
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Automation in clinical chemistry has progressed with a change from rigid to very flexible instruments. To support high flexibility, accuracy and personalization, the new concept of automatic clinical laboratory systems are required. The advantage of this instrument is reducing the load on clinical laboratories to a greater extent by reducing the time taken in the test and minimizing the involvement of laboratory staff. Automated Robotic arm is defined as a dedicated robotic system which is capable of performing selective laboratory tests. This system is designed for selective tasks as well as provides high degree of flexibility and user friendly. This system can be installed in small or medium sized clinical chemistry analyzers.
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Background: Paralleling the growth of bariatric surgery, the demand for post-bariatric body-contouring surgery is increasing. Weight loss is the main cause, although not the only one, that drives patients to arm lift surgery. Seve...
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Background: Paralleling the growth of bariatric surgery, the demand for post-bariatric body-contouring surgery is increasing. Weight loss is the main cause, although not the only one, that drives patients to arm lift surgery. Several surgical techniques have been proposed over the years. Our aim was to consider the complications and outcomes according to the performed technique, through a wide review of the literature. Methods: A search on PubMed/Medline was performed using “brachioplasty”, “upper arm lifting”, and “techniques” as key words. Embase, Medline (OvidSP), Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed publisher, Cochrane, and Google Scholar were searched as well. As inclusion criteria, we selected the clinical studies describing techniques of brachioplasty. We excluded the papers in which complications related to brachioplasty were not specified. We also excluded literature-review articles. Results: We found 27 studies from 1995 to 2015. Overall, 1065 patients were treated. Different techniques were applied. Complications were observed in 308/1065 patients (28.9%). The most frequent complications were hypertrophic scarring, seroma and hematoma. Surgical revision rate ranged from 0 to 21 percent. Nerve damage occurred in a modest percentage of patients (16/1065, 1.5%). No major complications, such as thromboembolism and sepsis, were observed. Conclusions: Brachioplasty is a safe surgical procedure. All the brachioplasty techniques showed positive outcomes, in term of patients’ satisfaction and clinical results. Nevertheless, minor complications occurred in a high percentage of patients, regardless the performed surgical procedure. Patients should be informed about the possible formation of hypertrophic scars and nerve injuries.
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Background In attempting to overcome the challenges associated with arm contouring, arm liposuction has been an area of focus in recent years. In appropriately selected patients, circumferential liposuction is the procedure of cho...
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Background In attempting to overcome the challenges associated with arm contouring, arm liposuction has been an area of focus in recent years. In appropriately selected patients, circumferential liposuction is the procedure of choice. The objective of this study is to describe our experience with the four-position four-entry site circumferential arm liposuction technique.
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Dual-arm blood pressure (BP) measurement is recommended when screening patients for hypertension. The prevalence and reliability of inter-arm differences, however, remain unclear in young, healthy adults. The aim of this study was...
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Dual-arm blood pressure (BP) measurement is recommended when screening patients for hypertension. The prevalence and reliability of inter-arm differences, however, remain unclear in young, healthy adults. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and reliability of inter-arm BP differences in young, healthy adults. Methods: Prevalence of systolic and diastolic inter-arm differences using traditional thresholds (e.g., >10 mmHg) were examined using sequential and simultaneous automated resting BP measurements (Dinamap Carescape vlOO, Critikon, USA) in 18 young, healthy adults (25±4 years). Measurements were taken on two separate days to test for reliability. Results: First-day prevalence of systolic BP inter-arm differences >10 mmHg was 5.6% (CI 0.1-27.3) when measured sequentially and 11.1% (CI 1.4-34.7) when measured simultaneously, while no diastolic BP inter-arm differences of this magnitude were observed using either technique. With respect to reliability, although nonsignificant (p>0.05), prevalence of systolic and diastolic BP inter-arm differences decreased on a second day, and systolic BP inter-arm differences >10 mmHg disappeared altogether. Conclusions: Findings support previous prevalence data for systolic and diastolic BP inter-arm differences of >10 mmHg of 0%—13% and 0%-9%, respectively. Nevertheless, these findings were not reliable on a second testing day.
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