摘要 :
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the commonest allergic disease affecting approximately 400 million people worldwide. It is associated with a reduced quality of life, low productivity in the work place, and poor school performance. On th...
展开
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is the commonest allergic disease affecting approximately 400 million people worldwide. It is associated with a reduced quality of life, low productivity in the work place, and poor school performance. On the other hand, medical cost increases. Allergic rhinitis has a considerable effect on quality of life and can have significant consequences if left untreated. Many patients downplay rhinitis symptoms as an inconvenience rather than a disease. The majority of the patients start visiting their local physician, when the problem becomes chronic, especially when it is associated with complications. There is a huge economic burden associated with allergic rhinitis. It is the fifth costliest chronic disease in the United States with 75% of the costs coming from decreased productivity. Diagnosis of allergic rhinitis is important because it can become a chronic condition, which might predispose patients to chronic sinusitis or chronic middle ear infection and hearing impairment. This review discussed the background of rhinitis and allergic rhinitis, the burden of disease, differentiating characteristics of allergic rhinitis from non-allergic rhinitis, diagnosis, complications and management.
收起
摘要 :
Allergic asthma is defined as asthma associated with sensitization to aeroallergens, which leads to asthma symptoms and airway inflammation. Allergic asthma is the most common asthma phenotype. The onset of allergic asthma is most...
展开
Allergic asthma is defined as asthma associated with sensitization to aeroallergens, which leads to asthma symptoms and airway inflammation. Allergic asthma is the most common asthma phenotype. The onset of allergic asthma is most often in childhood and is usually accompanied by other comorbidities including atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis. It is often persistent although there is a wide variation in disease severity. It is a T(H)2-driven process. Biomarkers have been identified to distinguish patients with allergic asthma, particularly serum IgE levels, tests to indicate sensitization to aeroallergens such as specific IgE or skin prick test positivity, blood and sputum eosinophil levels, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide, and periostin. Treatments for allergic asthma include environmental control measures, allergen immunotherapy, and glucocorticoids. Biologics, targeting the T(H)2 pathway, have been shown to be effective in the treatment of allergic asthma. (C) 2019 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology
收起
摘要 :
Epidemiologic, pathophysiologic, and clinical evidences recently revealed the link between upper and lower airways, changing the global pathogenic view of respiratory allergy. The aim of this review is to highlight the strong inte...
展开
Epidemiologic, pathophysiologic, and clinical evidences recently revealed the link between upper and lower airways, changing the global pathogenic view of respiratory allergy. The aim of this review is to highlight the strong interaction between the upper and lower respiratory tract diseases, in particular allergic rhinitis and asthma.
收起
摘要 :
? 2021 Elsevier LtdThis systematic review aims to 1) explore the association between tic disorders (TD) and allergic diseases (AD), 2) judge whether patients with a diagnosis of TD are prone to suffer from a specific AD, by compil...
展开
? 2021 Elsevier LtdThis systematic review aims to 1) explore the association between tic disorders (TD) and allergic diseases (AD), 2) judge whether patients with a diagnosis of TD are prone to suffer from a specific AD, by compiling the literature and analyzing the evidence. A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Embase database on February 24, 2021. The inclusion criteria for the literature were all comparative studies that reported TD patients were diagnosed with allergic illness as well. We identified that TD is positively associated with asthma, allergic rhinitis and allergic conjunctivitis, respectively. Especially, provisional tic disorder (PTD) patients might be more likely to suffer from these three AD, although it is still difficult to accurately predict which specific AD is prone to be accompanied by a specific TD. Shared genetic and etiological factors are suggested responsible for the AD-TD association. Large prospective cohort studies in future might shed light on a deep understanding of the relationship between immune disorders and tics.
收起
摘要 :
It has been widely reported that the general population was at an increased risk of allergy diseases, which probably be related with household allergens exposure. However, the difference of local and systemic allergic reactions ex...
展开
It has been widely reported that the general population was at an increased risk of allergy diseases, which probably be related with household allergens exposure. However, the difference of local and systemic allergic reactions exposure to allergens has not been reported in the general population previously. The data of 1094 U.S. adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2006 data bank were analyzed. Dust, allergens (Bia g 1, Bia g 2, Can f 1, Feld 1, Derp 1, Mus m 1, Rat n 1, Alternaria alternate, and Aspergiilus fumigatus), and endotoxin, were measured to estimate sensitizing source exposure. And allergy-related outcomes indicators including hay fever, sneezing, allergic rhinitis (AR), immunoglobulin E (IgE), and allergic sensitization, were evaluzted to estimate local and systemic allergic reactions. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression models were used to examine the associations of sensitizer and allergy-related outcomes. The mean or median concentration of dust and endotoxin were 0.66 g and 12.98 EU/mg dust. The Derp 1, Mus m 1, Rat n 1, Alternaria alternate, and Aspergillus fumigatus were the main allergens in the dust, with the concentrations of 30.66 ng/g dust, 30.73 ng/g dust, 5.94 ng/g dust, 5.20 ng/g dust, and 207.68 μg/g dust, respectively. The prevalence of AR was 34.2% among the general population. After controlling for sociodemographic factors, we found that the allergens, such as Can f 1 and Feld 1, were positively associated with AR. The prevalence of allergic sensitization was about 20%. Dust and endotoxin were found positively associated with allergic sensitization, while Bia g 2, Rat n 1, Akernaria alternate, and Aspergiilus fumigatus were inversely associated with that. Dust and endotoxin probably be associated with higher risk of local allergic reactions, while some allergens, such as Bia g 2, Rat n 1, Alternaria alternate, and Aspergiilus fumigatus probably be associated with lower risk of systemic allergic reactions.
收起
摘要 :
Allergic rhinitis (AR) requires treatment with a stepwise approach depending on the severity and duration of symptoms. Treatment options for AR include allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy, immunotherapy, and surgery. Recently, ant...
展开
Allergic rhinitis (AR) requires treatment with a stepwise approach depending on the severity and duration of symptoms. Treatment options for AR include allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy, immunotherapy, and surgery. Recently, anti-IgE antibody and specific antibody to cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-4 or IL-5, have emerged in connection with understandings of the mechanisms of AR. Sublingual immunotherapy has been widely used based on its efficacy, safety, and convenience, which replaces subcutaneous immunotherapy. Although allergen avoidance and immunotherapy are theoretically ideal, it is thought that antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids will play the main role in the management of AR until an innovative treatment develops. However, patients' main symptoms, the duration and severity of AR, patients' compliance, the safety of medication, and cost-effectiveness should be considered when treatment options are selected. In this aspect, physicians should be aware of the etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, signs, and diseases related to AR in order to make correct diagnoses and choose proper treatment options for each patient.
收起
摘要 :
In studies conducted since the epidemic of allergic disorders began, at least 40% of young patients with allergic rhinitis have been found to have concurrent asthma, and up to 100% of young patients with allergic asthma have been ...
展开
In studies conducted since the epidemic of allergic disorders began, at least 40% of young patients with allergic rhinitis have been found to have concurrent asthma, and up to 100% of young patients with allergic asthma have been found to have concurrent allergic rhinitis. Many patients with occupational or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced asthma also have concurrent allergic rhinitis. In addition to being associated epidemiologically (occurring in patients with similar genetic background and triggered by similar provoking factors), allergic rhinitis and asthma are associated anatomically, physiologically, immunopathologically, and by their response to therapeutic interventions. Anatomically, both the upper and the lower airways are lined with ciliated columnar epithelium containing mucus-secreting goblet cells. Physiologically, they are connected not only by the nasobronchial reflex, but also by the adverse effects on the lower airways produced when nasal congestion results in mouth breathing and loss of nasal airconditioning (warming, humidification, and filtration of inspired air). The underlying immunopathological process is similar in allergic rhinitis and asthma. It involves not only the immediate hypersensitivity (Type I) allergic response, but also persistent allergic inflammation (the Type IVa2 response in the revised Gell and Coombs classification). In addition, the systemic immunologic response to intranasal or orally-inhaled allergens is similar in allergic rhinitis and asthma. Down-regulation of allergic inflammation by allergen avoidance, allergen-specific immunotherapy, and medications such as H1-antihistamines, leukotriene modifiers, intranasal/inhaled glucocorticoids or novel immunomodulators such as anti-IgE is the key to managing both disorders. 'Combined allergic rhinitis/asthma syndrome', 'allergic rhinobronchitis', 'the united airways', 'one airway, one disease', and other phrases in current usage lead to increased awareness that persistent allergic inflammation occurs throughout the upper and lower airways of patients with concurrent allergic rhinitis and asthma. Terms involving the words 'allergic' or 'asthma' are preferable to nonspecific terms such as 'united airways' or 'one airway, one disease'. Additional studies of the immunopathophysiological processes that link the upper and lower airways are needed.
收起
摘要 :
Background: Allergic diseases are common chronic diseases in children and adolescents, but limited epidemiological data are available during transition into adulthood. Nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage has been linked to increa...
展开
Background: Allergic diseases are common chronic diseases in children and adolescents, but limited epidemiological data are available during transition into adulthood. Nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage has been linked to increased prevalence of allergic disease. The objective of this study was to define the prevalence of allergic diseases in adolescents above the Arctic Circle in Northern Norway and to study the associations of S. aureus carriage with allergic diseases.
收起
摘要 :
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The focus of this review is to provide a logical paradigm for the diagnosis and treatment of ocular allergies, with a focus on seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) and perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC). ...
展开
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The focus of this review is to provide a logical paradigm for the diagnosis and treatment of ocular allergies, with a focus on seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC) and perennial allergic conjunctivitis (PAC). RECENT FINDINGS: Several classes of topical medications are currently available for the management of ocular allergies, including: lubricating agents, vasoconstrictors, antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, and topical corticosteroids. SUMMARY: SAC and PAC make up the vast majority of ocular allergy cases. A proactive approach to these diseases, anticipating the regional spring and fall allergen spikes, is needed for optimally managing these disorders. A multifaceted treatment regimen comprising patient education, lifestyle modification, and topical medications (such as antihistamines and/or mast cell stabilizers and corticosteroids) may be required in order to manage ocular allergies effectively. The appropriate treatment paradigm is based on the severity of the patients' signs and symptoms. For moderate-to-severe cases, especially chronic vernal keratoconjunctivitis, atopic keratoconjunctivitis, and giant papillary conjunctivitis, comanagement with an ophthalmologist is recommended.
收起
摘要 :
Background: Inflammation of the conjunctiva, which is caused due to exposure to allergens is called allergic conjunctivitis. Simple allergic conjunctivitis is fairly common and the symptoms are usually underrated and, most of the ...
展开
Background: Inflammation of the conjunctiva, which is caused due to exposure to allergens is called allergic conjunctivitis. Simple allergic conjunctivitis is fairly common and the symptoms are usually underrated and, most of the patients do not go to the hospital for treatment. There is a wide variation in the occurrence of allergic conjunctivitis in different geographical parts of the world. Materials and Methods: 158 of the patients with allergic conjunctivitis were included in the study were found to have allergic conjunctivitis. Complete history including symptoms such as redness, itching, teary eyes etc. were taken in detail. Results: 53.2% were in the primary school, while 37.3% were in the middle school, or between 6-10t h class and 9.5% were in the 11t h or 12 std. Exposure to dust was the main cause for allergic conjunctivitis as was seen in 32.3% of the cases. Smoke was the second most common cause with 22.8% affected, followed by Dye eyes in 13.9% of the cases. All the patients experienced itching in the eye, and were rubbing their eyes often. (98.7%). 86.1% had watery eyes with over Lacrimal secretion. Majority of the patients (81.6%) with allergic conjunctivitis had allergic rhinitis. 32.3% had asthma, and 13.3% had atopic dermatitis. Conclusion: Since Allergic conjunctivitis is a mild disease with little morbidity, the patients fail to understand the importance of a regular eye checkup. This can be corrected with the help of health education to the students and the patents in the community.
收起
原文获取