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We investigate the cost-effectiveness of special-purpose crawled corpora versus more focused corpora for automatic terminology extraction (ATE). Our focus is on medical terminology on heart failure for two languages, viz. English ...
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We investigate the cost-effectiveness of special-purpose crawled corpora versus more focused corpora for automatic terminology extraction (ATE). Our focus is on medical terminology on heart failure for two languages, viz. English for which we have more web and specialized resources at our disposal and the less resourced Dutch. We show that, although term density in the dedicated corpora is larger for both languages, the potential for term extraction is higher in the crawled corpora than in the dedicated corpora. Furthermore, in a set of experiments in which we evaluate both types of corpora, while keeping size constant, we observe that more Gold Standard (GS) terms are covered by the "noisy" crawled corpus than with a dedicated corpus of the same size.
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This paper illustrates the challenges of terminology policy in the legal domain in South Tyrol, Italy, i.e. within a minority community whose language (German) is an official language in other countries. In this context terminolog...
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This paper illustrates the challenges of terminology policy in the legal domain in South Tyrol, Italy, i.e. within a minority community whose language (German) is an official language in other countries. In this context terminology planning becomes necessary mainly in relation to legal and administrative concepts, due to the system-bound nature of legal language. The method applied in South Tyrol is micro-comparison with other German-speaking legal systems. Based on South Tyrol's example, we show how changes in society have affected approaches, methods and tools for terminology planning and practical terminology work. South Tyrol's autonomy model is often considered a best practice for the resolution of ethnic conflict. Its long-lasting experience in terminology planning may equally serve as a model for minority language communities that have only recently been granted extensive language rights.
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Desiderata for interface terminologies (IT), designed to support interactions between humans and structured medical information, differ from desiderata for reference terminologies (RT). Terminology experts have recommended that IT...
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Desiderata for interface terminologies (IT), designed to support interactions between humans and structured medical information, differ from desiderata for reference terminologies (RT). Terminology experts have recommended that IT be mapped to RT. The interface terminology of the Georges Pompidou European Hospital (GPEH-IT) contains more than 5,000 concepts, sometimes linked to ICD-10 but not yet to the SNOMED 3.5 VF, now available in France. Our objective was to use a formal characterization framework to compare GPEH-IT to SNOMED 3.5 VF and to define the functionalities of terminology services for managing both IT and RT and the mapping between them. We discuss the role of IT and RT in representing the meaning of clinical data.
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Over the past decades, English has become the predominant language for the transfer of specialized knowledge, which conditions the creation of new lexical units in other codes. This conditioning can result in terminological depend...
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Over the past decades, English has become the predominant language for the transfer of specialized knowledge, which conditions the creation of new lexical units in other codes. This conditioning can result in terminological dependency, a linguistic phenomenon arising from a unidirectional transfer of specialized denominations between two languages. Terminological neology in potentially dependent codes such as Spanish reflects the way the importation of units from English involves a set of linguistic asymmetries that affects the conceptual configuration of specialized domains by the importing community of scientists. In this article, we propose a three-step analysis in order to detect and measure the terminological dependency of Spanish on English in the domain of Alzheimer's Disease, based on the semantic characterization of a set of specialized neologisms related to this domain. After analysing the semantic features of these units in English, we found a significant, though not exact, correlation between the uniformity of certain semantic aspects and the degree of terminological dependency observed in their equivalents in Spanish.
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Terminological counselling is ad hoc terminology work that provides the terminology user with a relatively quick and credible answer to a terminological question. In this article, we present the Terminological Counselling Service ...
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Terminological counselling is ad hoc terminology work that provides the terminology user with a relatively quick and credible answer to a terminological question. In this article, we present the Terminological Counselling Service offered by the Terminology Section of the ZRC SAZU Fran Ramovs Institute of the Slovenian Language since 2013. Through a web form, users submit a question, which is answered by five terminologists in a joint opinion. For this article, all 75 questions received by the Terminological Counselling Service in 2020 were examined. They were analysed in terms of the subject fields in which the users have terminological problems, the institutions the users are affiliated with, and the content of the questions. We believe that the Terminological Counselling Service plays an important role, as the number of users is increasing year by year.
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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has shown its destructiveness with more than one million confirmed cases and dozens of thousands of death, whic...
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The coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has shown its destructiveness with more than one million confirmed cases and dozens of thousands of death, which is highly contagious and still spreading globally. World-wide studies have been conducted aiming to understand the COVID-19 mechanism, transmission, clinical features, etc. A cross-language terminology of COVID-19 is essential for improving knowledge sharing and scientific discovery dissemination. We developed a bilingual terminology of COVID-19 named COVID Term with mapping Chinese and English terms. The terminology was constructed as follows: (1) Classification schema design; (2) Concept representation model building; (3) Term source selection and term extraction; (4) Hierarchical structure construction; (5) Quality control (6) Web service. We built open access for the terminology, providing search, browse, and download services. The proposed COVID Term include 10 categories: disease, anatomic site, clinical manifestation, demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, living organism, qualifiers, psychological assistance, medical equipment, instruments and materials, epidemic prevention and control, diagnosis and treatment technique respectively. In total, COVID Terms covered 464 concepts with 724 Chinese terms and 887 English terms. All terms are openly available online (COVID Term URL: http://covidterm.imicams.ac.cn ). COVID Term is a bilingual terminology focused on COVID-19, the epidemic pneumonia with a high risk of infection around the world. It will provide updated bilingual terms of the disease to help health providers and medical professionals retrieve and exchange information and knowledge in multiple languages. COVID Term was released in machine-readable formats (e.g., XML and JSON), which would contribute to the information retrieval, machine translation and advanced intelligent techniques application.
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The history and activities of the Terminological Center of the RAS, along with its contacts, and the creative ties of its specialists are described. The First International Symposium on Terminology and Knowledge and the session of...
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The history and activities of the Terminological Center of the RAS, along with its contacts, and the creative ties of its specialists are described. The First International Symposium on Terminology and Knowledge and the session of the Technical Committee 37 on Terminology of the International Organization on Standard-ization are related.
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Terminology standardization reflects two different aspects involving the meaning of terms and the structure of terminological resources. In this paper, we focus on the structural aspect of standardization and we present the work o...
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Terminology standardization reflects two different aspects involving the meaning of terms and the structure of terminological resources. In this paper, we focus on the structural aspect of standardization and we present the work of re-modeling TriMED, a multilingual terminological database conceived to support multi-register medical communication. In particular, we provide a general methodology to make the termbase compliant to three of the most recent ISO/TC37 standards. We focus on the definition of (i) the structural meta-model of the resource, (ii) the provided data categories and its Data Category Repository, and (iii) the TBX format for its implementation. In particular, we provide a general methodology to make the termbase compliant to three of the most recent ISO/TC 37 standards. We focus on the definition of (i) the structural meta-model of the resource, (ii) the provided data categories and its Data Category Repository, and (iii) the TBX format for its implementation.
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Standardized terminological systems for biomedical information have provided considerable benefits to biomedical applications and research. However, practical use of this information often requires mapping across terminological sy...
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Standardized terminological systems for biomedical information have provided considerable benefits to biomedical applications and research. However, practical use of this information often requires mapping across terminological systems-a complex and time-consuming process. This paper demonstrates the complexity and challenges of mapping across terminological systems in the context of medication information. It provides a review of medication terminological systems and their linkages, then describes a case study in which we mapped proprietary medication codes from an electronic health record to SNOMED CT and the UMLS Metathesaurus. The goal was to create a polyhierarchical classification system for querying an i2b2 clinical data warehouse. We found that three methods were required to accurately map the majority of actively prescribed medications. Only 62.5% of source medication codes could be mapped automatically. The remaining codes were mapped using a combination of semi-automated string comparison with expert selection, and a completely manual approach. Compound drugs were especially difficult to map: only 7.5% could be mapped using the automatic method. General challenges to mapping across terminological systems include (1) the availability of up-to-date information to assess the suitability of a given terminological system for a particular use case, and to assess the quality and completeness of cross-terminology links; (2) the difficulty of correctly using complex, rapidly evolving, modern terminologies; (3) the time and effort required to complete and evaluate the mapping; (4) the need to address differences in granularity between the source and target terminologies; and (5) the need to continuously update the mapping as terminological systems evolve.
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Healthcare Information Systems should capture clinical data in a structured and preferably coded format. This is crucial for data exchange between health information systems, epidemiological analysis, quality and research, clinica...
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Healthcare Information Systems should capture clinical data in a structured and preferably coded format. This is crucial for data exchange between health information systems, epidemiological analysis, quality and research, clinical decision support systems, administrative functions, among others. Structured data entry is an obstacle for the usability of electronic health record (EHR) applications and their acceptance by physicians who prefer to document patient EHRs using “free text”. Natural language allows for rich expressiveness but at the same time is ambiguous; it has great dependence on context and uses jargon and acronyms. Although much progress has been made in knowledge and natural language processing techniques, the result is not yet satisfactory enough for the use of free text in all dimensions of clinical documentation. In order to address the trade-off between capturing data with free text and at the same time coding data for computer processing, numerous terminological systems for the systematic recording of clinical data have been developed. The purpose of terminology services consists of representing facts that happen in the real world through database management in order to allow for semantic interoperability and computerized applications. These systems interrelate concepts of a particular domain and provide references to related terms with standards codes. In this way, standard terminologies allow the creation of a controlled medical vocabulary, making terminology services a fundamental component for health data management in the healthcare environment. The Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires has been working in the development of its own terminology server. This work describes its experience in the field.
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