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Medicinal plants and herbs have been proved to be of great importance to the health of the individuals and communities. The potential for developing antibacterial from higher plants appears rewarding as it will result to the devel...
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Medicinal plants and herbs have been proved to be of great importance to the health of the individuals and communities. The potential for developing antibacterial from higher plants appears rewarding as it will result to the development of a phytomedicine to act against microbes. Phytochemical screening of Tulsi plant (Ocimum sp.) was studied in the present investigation. Phytochemical analysis of methanol and aqueous extracts of O. tenuiflorum, O. gratissum and O. sanctum demonstrated the presence of phytoconstituents like Tannins, Alkaloids, Saponins, Glycosides, Terpenoids, Flavonoids, Phenols, Carbohydrates, Steroids, and Anthraquinones. Presence of such phyto constituents will increase interest with the mankind to develop anti-microbial drugs using different species of Oscimum for varied microbes.
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The aim of the study was to undertake qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of the samples of an African traditional herb, Barleria dinteri, with varying exposure to road-dust pollution. Both leaves and roots samples...
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The aim of the study was to undertake qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of the samples of an African traditional herb, Barleria dinteri, with varying exposure to road-dust pollution. Both leaves and roots samples of B. dinteri were collected at two collection sites, one near a dusty road (test sample) and another away from a dusty road (control sample) in Zebediela sub-region of the Limpopo province of South Africa. The sample extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical analysis throμgh chemical tests, thin layer chromatography and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. The sample extracts were also subjected to spectrophotometric quantitative analysis of total phenolic content, total tannin content, total flavonoid content and total saponin content. Qualitative analysis results showed no substantial differences in the phytochemical compositions of the extracts obtained from test and control samples. Quantitative analysis results showed higher amounts of total phenolic, total tannin, total flavonoid and total saponin contents in the leaf test sample extracts than those of the control sample. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also present in higher amounts in the root test sample, whereas total tannins were higher in the control sample. Tne results demonstrate that the exposure to road-dust pollution have some moderate effect on the quality of phytochemicals possessed by the leaves and roots of B. dinteri, althoμgh substantial quantitative effect in the phytochemicals was demonstrated. The findings of the study therefore sμggest that the exposure to road-dust pollution enhance accumulation in the phytochemicals possessed by Barleria dinteri, more especially in the leaves.
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Under-utilized and abundant plants found in Africa are endowed with a lot of potentials,which can be coupled and channeled to aid environmental, economic and social development. Tamarind(Tamarindus indica) is one of the most commo...
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Under-utilized and abundant plants found in Africa are endowed with a lot of potentials,which can be coupled and channeled to aid environmental, economic and social development. Tamarind(Tamarindus indica) is one of the most commonly under-utilized plant materials with some reportedbiological and environmental relevance. In this communication, we reported on antioxidant potentialsand environmental role associated with T. indica, which might be due to its vast phytochemicalconstituents, to unravel the applicability of antioxidant properties of T. indica for environmental healthand remediation. Numerous researchers revealed antioxidant capacity, phenolics and ascorbic acid contentof different parts of Tamarind to be significantly appreciative. These properties show a strong associationwith the vast amount of phytochemicals confined in this plant. The presence of phytocompoundsin Tamarind such as luteolin, catechin, apigenin, lupeol and terpenoids has been implicatedin the treatment and management of different diseases such as diabetes, cancer, hypertension and cardiovasculardisorders. These highlighted medicinal roles were associated with their antioxidant capacities.This property in T. indica might serve as a driving force in many of its displayed biological potentials.The plant also demonstrated robust abilities for environmental uses. Thus, T. indica could alsoserve reasonably, in the field of environmental science such as bioremediation, biosorption, coagulationand waste water treatment due to its abundance and limited utilization. This review, therefore,highlights the applicability of antioxidant properties of T. indica for environmental health and remediation.
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As science unlocks the secrets of phytochemicals, the public is literally eating up the information.Here are some tips on incorporating phytochemicals into foods.
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Cancer is a multi-factorial health condition involving uncontrolled cell divisions. The disease has its roots in genetic mutation. This disease affects men, women, and even children. Chemotherapy, photodynamic, photothermal, and h...
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Cancer is a multi-factorial health condition involving uncontrolled cell divisions. The disease has its roots in genetic mutation. This disease affects men, women, and even children. Chemotherapy, photodynamic, photothermal, and hormonal therapies have been used to treat this deadliest disease, but a huge percentage of patients have chances of disease recurrence or resistance. Nowadays, dysregulation in miRNAs is considered one of the key factors for the development and progression of different types of cancers as they control the expression of genes responsible for cell proliferation, growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Dietary phytochemicals with anticancer properties have been gaining focus for cancer treatment since they have been found more effective in targeting cancer via regulating miRNAs expression. These phytochemicals have no side effects and are readily available at a low cost. Several dietary phytochemicals with regulatory effects on the expression of miRNAs have been reported, including curcumin, diallyl disulfide, 3, 30-diindolylmethane, ellagic acid, genistein, indole-3-carbinol, quercetin, resveratrol, and sulforaphane. They exert their regulatory effects against different cancers either by upregulating or downregulating different cancer signalling pathways and inhibiting their progression. Curcumin down-regulates SHH pathways, epigallocatechin-3-gallate regulates the Notch pathway and inhibits TGFβ1/SMAD signalling, and resveratrol regulates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and carnosic acid-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cell via JAK2/STAT3 signalling pathway. The miRNAs are used for the treatment of cancer as essential modulators in cellular pathways. Therefore, identifying the miRNAs and their targets and countering them with specific phytochemicals provide a safe and effective mechanism for the treatment of cancer.
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Nutrition research is increasingly concerned with the complex interactions between multicomponent dietary ingredients and the human metabolic regulatory system. The substantiation of nutritional health benefits is challenged by th...
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Nutrition research is increasingly concerned with the complex interactions between multicomponent dietary ingredients and the human metabolic regulatory system. The substantiation of nutritional health benefits is challenged by the intrinsic complexity of macro- and micronutrients and individualized human metabolic responses. Metabonomics, uniquely suited to assess metabolic responses to deficiencies or excesses of nutrients, is used to characterize the metabolic phenotype of individuals integrating genetic polymorphisms, metabolic interactions with commensal and symbiotic partners such as gut microbiota, as well as environmental and behavioral factors including dietary preferences. The two profiling strategies, metabolic phenotyping (metabotyping) and phytochemical profiling (phytoprofiling), greatly facilitate the measurement of these important health determinants and the discovery of new biomarkers associated with nutritional requirements and specific phytochemical interventions. This paper presents an overview of the applications of these two profiling approaches for personalized nutrition research, with a focus on recent advances in the study of the role of phytochemicals in regulating the human or animal metabolic regulatory system.
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Despite the advancement in prognosis, diagnosis and treatment, cancer has emerged as the second leading cause of disease-associated death across the globe. With the remarkable application of synthetic drugs in cancer therapy and t...
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Despite the advancement in prognosis, diagnosis and treatment, cancer has emerged as the second leading cause of disease-associated death across the globe. With the remarkable application of synthetic drugs in cancer therapy and the onset of therapy-associated adverse effects, dietary phytochemicals have been materialized as potent anti-cancer drugs owing to their antioxidant, apoptosis and autophagy modulating activities. With dynamic regulation of apoptosis and autophagy in association with cell cycle regulation, inhibition in cellular proliferation, invasion and migration, dietary phytochemicals have emerged as potent anti-cancer pharmacophores. Dietary phytochemicals or their synthetic analogous as individual drug candidates or in combination with FDA approved chemotherapeutic drugs have exhibited potent anti-cancer efficacy. With the advancement in cancer therapeutics, dietary phytochemicals hold high prevalence for their use as precision and personalized medicine to replace conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. Hence, keeping these perspectives in mind, this review focuses on the diversity of dietary phytochemicals and their molecular mechanism of action in several cancer subtypes and tumor entities. Understanding the possible molecular key players involved, the use of dietary phytochemicals will thrive a new horizon in cancer therapy.
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The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extracts of various plant parts of Costus woodsonii were evaluated. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content in leaves and inflorescence extracts were high...
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The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extracts of various plant parts of Costus woodsonii were evaluated. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content in leaves and inflorescence extracts were higher compared to the rhizome and stem extracts. Highest total tannin content was noted in the inflorescence. Leaves extracts demonstrated the strongest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging and ferric reducing power activity (IC_(50) = 1.3 ± 0.2 mg mL~(-1); FRP = 3.8 ± 0.5 mg mL~(-1)). Rhizome extract showed ferrous ion chelating activity with CC50 at 2.7 ± 0.3 mg mL~(-1). The leaves extract demonstrated antimicrobial activities against various Staphylococcus aureus strains (MIC: 0.625 mg mL~(-1) and 1.25 mg mL~(-1)). Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LCMS-MS) analysis showed that rutin and quercetin-3-galacto-side were found in leaves; epicatechin in the inflorescences; and dioscin in the rhizomes.
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The biological activities; antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer, of the red algae Galaxaura rugosa and Liagora hawaiiana were determined. The total ethanol, lipoidal matters, chloroform, n-butanol, aqueous extracts and powder...
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The biological activities; antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer, of the red algae Galaxaura rugosa and Liagora hawaiiana were determined. The total ethanol, lipoidal matters, chloroform, n-butanol, aqueous extracts and powder of both algae showed and bacterial and antifungal activities. However, the chloroform extract of Galaxaura rugosa showed antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae (24?mm, 0.15?mg/ml) higher than gentamycin (23?mm, 0.49?mg/ml). Moreover, the total ethanol, lipoidal matter and chloroform extracts showed antifungal activity (21, 22 and 25?mm, 1.25, 0.312 and 0.156?mg/ml) similar to the antibiotic Ketoconazole activity (23, 24 and 27?mm, 1.25, 0.312 and 0.156?mg/ml) against Aspergillus fumigatus , A. niger and Candida trobicalis , respectively. A good antioxidant activity (80.96%, IC50?=?27.8?μg/ml) was provided by Galaxaura rugosa . The anticancer activity results revealed that the lipoidal matters of Galaxaura rugosa and Liagora hawaiiana possessed antitumor activity (IC50?=?15?±?1.7 and 21.2?±?1.6, respectively) against lung carcinoma (A-549) better than vinblastine sulfate (IC50?=?24.6?±?0.7). Although, the lipoidal matters of Galaxaura rugosa and Liagora hawaiiana antitumor activity against cervical carcinoma (HeLa) and intestinal carcinoma (CACO-2) (IC50?=?10.2?±?0.6 and 12.2?±?0.6, respectively) preferable than vinblastine sulfate (IC50?=?59.7?±?2.1 and 30.3?±?1.4, respectively).
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Phytochemical constituents of brimstone leaf, Morinda lucida, and nematoxic effects of brimstone leaf on root knot nematode pest of Celosia argentea (L.) local variety were assessed in the laboratory and screen house. Brimstone le...
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Phytochemical constituents of brimstone leaf, Morinda lucida, and nematoxic effects of brimstone leaf on root knot nematode pest of Celosia argentea (L.) local variety were assessed in the laboratory and screen house. Brimstone leaf was analysed forthe presence of saponins, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, glycosides and alkaloids in the laboratory. It was observed that only saponins and navonoids were present in the brimstone leaf. The screen house experiment on the nematoxic effect of brimstone leaf indicated a nematode-destroying factor, which could be attributed to saponins and flavonoids, Brimstone leaf crude extract (50 and 100% concentrations) and brimstone leaf powder (1 and 2 t ha(-1)) were used. Experimental pots planted with C. argentea and inoculated with Meloidogyne incognita but not treated with brimstone leaf served as controls. Brimstone leaf significantly increased the number of leaves, plant height, number of branches, fresh leaf and root weight of C. argentea; and also significantly reduced the gall index compared with the control. Brimstone leaf is a promising nematoxic plant that could be recommended for use in root knot nematode endemic areas.
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