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The Electric Power Research Institute outlined three criteria important for a commercially viable fusion power plant: competitive electric power cost, regulatory simplicity, and public acceptance. In this paper we consider likely ...
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The Electric Power Research Institute outlined three criteria important for a commercially viable fusion power plant: competitive electric power cost, regulatory simplicity, and public acceptance. In this paper we consider likely U.S. regulatory considerations for deuterium-tritium (D-T) fusion power reactors, relying on existing criteria and past actions by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, which has asserted regulatory jurisdiction over U.S. commercial fusion reactors. We begin with consideration of a basic D-T fusion reactor, independent of plasma confinement approach. Because tritium and radioactivity are present, likely regulation will require containment structures and various safety measures for each component. Regulators are certain to require that all nuclear components of the system be housed in an overall containment vessel that must be held at less than atmospheric pressure to contain any leakage of tritium, radioactive corrosion products, radioactive coolant, and activated elements in the air. In addition, regulators are sure to require plant structure and operations that minimize the potential for clandestine plutonium breeding. Next, we add superconducting magnets and a plasma dump (divertor) to the basic system and recognize the small but nonzero probability of those magnets explosively quenching, potentially causing reactor damage and dramatically increasing containment vessel pressure. Finally, we consider ITER as prototypical of a D-T-fueled fusion power reactor. Because ITER-like systems are subject to damaging plasma disruptions, regulators are almost certain to require safeguards against such events significantly damaging first walls and subsystems. Finally, we believe that regulators are not likely to back off significantly in requirements related to the deuterium-deuterium and (DHe)-He-3 fuel cycles even though the tritium production and the neutron damage in the latter fuel cycle are significantly below those in a D-T system. However, regulations for p(11)B and(3)He(3)He fuel cycles are certain to be dramatically less demanding because of the lack of tritium and essentially no neutron production.
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In October 2003, Dr. Raymond Orbach, Director of the Department of Energy's Office of Science, issued a charge to the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (FESAC) "to identify the major science and technology issues that need...
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In October 2003, Dr. Raymond Orbach, Director of the Department of Energy's Office of Science, issued a charge to the Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (FESAC) "to identify the major science and technology issues that need to be addressed, recommend how to organize campaigns to address these issues, and recommend the priority order for these campaigns." The sections in this report document the results of the Panel's work. The first two sections describe the concepts of the overarching themes, topical scientific questions, and campaigns. The next six sections (Sections 3-8) describe in detail the six scientific campaigns. Section 9 describes some important enabling research activities necessary for the campaigns. Sections 10-12 describe the overarching themes, which provide a crosscutting perspective of the activities in the six campaigns. Finally, the Panel's recommendations are set forth in Section 13. The charge letter to the panel is provided as Appendix A; the FESAC response letter is provided as Appendix D.
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This is Volume 2 of a report of a panel established by the U.S. Department of Energy Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (FESAC) charged to review the three major U.S. fusion facilities. The Panel requested input from each o...
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This is Volume 2 of a report of a panel established by the U.S. Department of Energy Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (FESAC) charged to review the three major U.S. fusion facilities. The Panel requested input from each of the three major U.S. toroidal magnetic fusion facilities. The request included an invitation to each facility program director to provide a document that addressed in detail the panel charge. This paper consists of the three documents that were received in response to that request.
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This is Volume 1 of the report of a panel established by the U.S. Department of Energy Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (FESAC) and submitted in July 2005. The panel was charged to answer the following questions: What are...
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This is Volume 1 of the report of a panel established by the U.S. Department of Energy Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (FESAC) and submitted in July 2005. The panel was charged to answer the following questions: What are the unique and complementary characteristics of each of the major U.S. fusion facilities? How do the characteristics of each of the three U.S. fusion facilities make the U.S. toroidal research program unique as a whole in the international program? How well do we cooperate with the international community in coordinating research on our major facilities and how have we exploited the special features of U.S. facilities in contributing to international fusion research, in general, and to the ITER design specifically? How do these three facilities contribute to fusion science and the vitality of the U.S. Fusion program? What research opportunities would be lost by shutting down one of the major facilities?
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This paper summarizes key 2004 news events in the development of fusion energy. Highlights include lack of progress on negotiations to site the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), recent scientific achievement...
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This paper summarizes key 2004 news events in the development of fusion energy. Highlights include lack of progress on negotiations to site the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), recent scientific achievements and status of U.S. fusion budget.
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This paper summarizes key news events in the development of fusion energy. Highlights include status of ITER negotiations, FESAC studies, NIF construction and fusion-related legislation. Also included are summaries of the 2002 fus...
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This paper summarizes key news events in the development of fusion energy. Highlights include status of ITER negotiations, FESAC studies, NIF construction and fusion-related legislation. Also included are summaries of the 2002 fusion Snowmass meeting and other workshops.
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摘要 :
This paper summarizes key news events in the development energy. Highlights include progress in negotiations for construction of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), actions of the U.S. government on fusion...
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This paper summarizes key news events in the development energy. Highlights include progress in negotiations for construction of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), actions of the U.S. government on fusion budgets, and technical progress.
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This paper summarizes key 2005 news events in the development of fusion energy. Highlights include evolution and resolution of ITER siting decision, progress on construction of NIF, and passage of U.S. fusion budget for Fiscal Year 2006.
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This is the final report of a panel set up by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (FESAC) in response to a charge letter from Dr. Raymond Orbach (Appendix A), asking FESAC to "addressed th...
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This is the final report of a panel set up by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (FESAC) in response to a charge letter from Dr. Raymond Orbach (Appendix A), asking FESAC to "addressed the issue of workforce development in the U.S. fusion program." This report, submitted to FESAC March 29, 2004 and subsequently approved by them (Appendix B), presents FESAC's response to that charge.
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摘要 :
This paper summarizes key 2006 news events in the development of fusion energy. Highlights include status of ITER project, progress on construction of NIF, and status of US fusion budget for Fiscal Year 2007.
