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Purpose: The purpose of this integrative literature review was to investigate existing research on the reasons why patients delay in seeking treatment for oral cancer symptoms from a primary health care professional. Method: The s...
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Purpose: The purpose of this integrative literature review was to investigate existing research on the reasons why patients delay in seeking treatment for oral cancer symptoms from a primary health care professional. Method: The systematic approach developed by Cooper (1984) was the guiding framework for this integrative review. Cooper (1984) identifies the process of conducting an integrative review as encompassing the following five stages: (a) problem formulation, (b) data collection, (c) evaluation of data points, (d) data analysis and interpretation, and (e) public presentation of results. Results: Despite different research designs employed and sample sizes ranging from 15 to 559, three major themes emerged from the 16 studies included in the review, all of which are directly related to the reasons why people delay seeking treatment for oral cancer symptoms: Patient Sociodemographic Characteristics; Health Related Behaviours, and Psychosocial Factors. Conclusions: Overall, this integrative review demonstrates the complexity surrounding the reasons why patients delay in seeking help for oral cancer treatment. The association between knowledge and patient delay has implications for information provision about cancer to those at risk of developing the disease. The relationship between socioeconomic status and patient delay behaviour warrants further investigation as this has been shown to be an influential factor in the study of patient delay. The meaning of many of the investigated psychosocial factors (e.g. an individuals' symptom interpretation/attribution, disclosure of symptoms to significant others, social priorities), have not been discussed in detail and the research is not theory driven.
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Effects of delays of reinforcement on zebrafish behavior were examined following training with immediate reinforcement. The delay was either signaled by an exteroceptive stimulus present for the entire delay period (fully signaled...
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Effects of delays of reinforcement on zebrafish behavior were examined following training with immediate reinforcement. The delay was either signaled by an exteroceptive stimulus present for the entire delay period (fully signaled), signaled briefly only at delay onset (partial signal), or without a stimulus (unsignaled). Unsignaled delays consistently resulted in low response rates. Fully signaled delays resulted in higher response rates than unsignaled delays when the delay was 3?s, but this difference in response rates disappeared at 6‐s delays. Partially signaled delays were less effective in maintaining responding than fully signaled delays, but more effective than unsignaled delays, although these results were only suggestive. These results indicate that stimulus changes that occur during delays to reinforcement have similar effects with zebrafish as with other species, but also that responding of zebrafish has a relatively low tolerance to the delay duration. A vast majority of experiments examining zebrafish behavior suggests that the fish have potential to serve as an interface between biological and behavioral science, but this may not be the case in some research areas involving delays, such as delay discounting.
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Pacing delays are a new type of delay in construction claims that are rather controversial. Pacing delays are, in some instances, legitimate business management decisions. The issue has been addressed by the courts, and it is clea...
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Pacing delays are a new type of delay in construction claims that are rather controversial. Pacing delays are, in some instances, legitimate business management decisions. The issue has been addressed by the courts, and it is clear that a contractor has a legal right to a pacing delay. However, the practical effect of a pacing delay is to decrease the amount of time between the actual end date of the project and the but-for end date. The purpose of this article is to identify, define, and discuss pacing delays. This article also offers some commentary on the practical effect of the issue of pacing delays and how they affect the contractor's right of recovery of delay damages.
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In this paper, we present five classes/categories of time scales. Then, on each class, we introduce and analyze delays that not only lead to new types of delay systems on time scales but also reveal the limitations of the known re...
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In this paper, we present five classes/categories of time scales. Then, on each class, we introduce and analyze delays that not only lead to new types of delay systems on time scales but also reveal the limitations of the known results in the literature. To show the importance and significance of our analysis, several examples are illustrated. We conclude our paper with some interesting open problems. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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An enhanced Delay Propagation Tree model with Bayesian Network (DPT-BN) is developed to model multi-flight delay propagation and delay interdependencies. Using a set of real airline data, results show that flights have non-homogen...
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An enhanced Delay Propagation Tree model with Bayesian Network (DPT-BN) is developed to model multi-flight delay propagation and delay interdependencies. Using a set of real airline data, results show that flights have non-homogeneous delay propagation effects. The DPT-BN model is used to infer posterior delay profiles with different delay and scheduling scenarios. The major contribution of the DPT-BN model is to demonstrate how the modelling of non-independent and identically distributed delay profiles is more realistic for the observed delay propagation mechanism, and how robust airline scheduling methodologies can benefit from this probability-based delay model.
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Concurrent delays in a project schedule are due to two or more independent delay events occurring during the same time period. There arise difficulties in attributing responsibility for these delays and in deciding the manner in w...
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Concurrent delays in a project schedule are due to two or more independent delay events occurring during the same time period. There arise difficulties in attributing responsibility for these delays and in deciding the manner in which they are to be dealt with, as they are typically complex and intertwined. While various approaches and professional guidelines are followed internationally, a thorough study in the Indian context is lacking. Hence, it is essential to recognize the nature and effects of concurrent delays that the Indian industry is facing. In this regard, cases in India were analyzed to understand the nature of concurrent delays, strategies adopted, and legal issues. Also, a survey of arbitrators and professionals with experience in delay disputes was conducted to (1) identify current approaches to concurrent delays in India and (2) determine the appropriateness of and challenges in applying approaches from the literature. In India, shortfalls exist in project management processes and protocols. Also, documentation and information management systems are poor. These failings act as barriers to adopting advanced global practices. In this regard, the findings of this work are expected to help in standardizing approaches to concurrent delay analysis and in streamlining necessary process protocols in the Indian construction industry.
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OBJECTIVES: 1) To explore the characteristics of patient and diagnostic delays among migrant tuberculosis (TB) patients in Shandong, China; and 2) to identify factors associated with patient and diagnostic delays, for the developm...
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OBJECTIVES: 1) To explore the characteristics of patient and diagnostic delays among migrant tuberculosis (TB) patients in Shandong, China; and 2) to identify factors associated with patient and diagnostic delays, for the development and improvement of TB control strategy among migrants in China.
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We prove that the spectrum of the linear delay differential equation
x'(t) = A_0x(t)+A_1x(t-T_ 1)+...+A_nx(t-T_ n) with multiple hierarchical
large delays 1<展开
We prove that the spectrum of the linear delay differential equation
x'(t) = A_0x(t)+A_1x(t-T_ 1)+...+A_nx(t-T_ n) with multiple hierarchical
large delays 1<收起
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State-of-the-art technologies for VLSI circuits give rise to various defect mechanisms that may cause a circuit to fail when operated at its designated speed of operation. Such defects are conventionally modeled by delay faults. I...
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State-of-the-art technologies for VLSI circuits give rise to various defect mechanisms that may cause a circuit to fail when operated at its designated speed of operation. Such defects are conventionally modeled by delay faults. In this paper, we review delay fault models used for circuits described at the gate level. The shortcomings of these models in accommodating physical phenomena that determine the worst-case delay of a circuit, and in modeling physical defects, were described in several works. We review methods proposed recently to address these shortcomings at the gate level, and describe a new approach based on a generalized fault model.
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When construction delays occur, it is necessary to ascertain the liabilities of the contracting parties and to direct the appropriate amount of resources to recover the schedule. Unfortunately, delay analysis and schedule compress...
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When construction delays occur, it is necessary to ascertain the liabilities of the contracting parties and to direct the appropriate amount of resources to recover the schedule. Unfortunately, delay analysis and schedule compression are normally treated as separate or independent aspects. This paper examines the feasibility of integrating the delay analysis and schedule compression functions into a broad-scoped two-stage process. The main issue is shown to be the kind of delay analysis required for each stage of the process and seven existing techniques are illustrated for use in conjunction with schedule compression. Since the current form and assumptions of delay analysis techniques are unlikely to provide the necessary level of feedback reliability for recovering delays, it is necessary to modify these techniques by incorporating some means of delay type scrutiny, excusable delays updating, and treatment of concurrent delays. The modified delay analysis techniques can serve as a basis for negotiation between the client and contractor and hence improve the interdisciplinary relations.
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