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The research work was conducted on Black Bengal goat to find out the effect of different manage-mental systems viz. semi-intensive, grazing and tethering on body measurements like body length, height at wither, chest girth, paunch...
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The research work was conducted on Black Bengal goat to find out the effect of different manage-mental systems viz. semi-intensive, grazing and tethering on body measurements like body length, height at wither, chest girth, paunch girth and neck circumference. Goats maintained in semi-intensive system of management were found to have significantly highest measurements followed by grazing and tethering. The relationship of body weight with the body measurements were found to be mostly positive and high. The largest body size of goat in semi-intensive system of management justify the superiority of this type of management in agro-climatic condition of West Bengal.
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Abstract Objective: Systematic studies about the impact of unilateral brain damage on the different body representations (body schema, body structural representation, and body semantics) are still rare. Aim of this study was to ev...
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Abstract Objective: Systematic studies about the impact of unilateral brain damage on the different body representations (body schema, body structural representation, and body semantics) are still rare. Aim of this study was to evaluate body representation deficits in a relatively large sample of patients with unilateral brain damage and to investigate the impact of right or left brain damage on body representations (BRs), independently from deficits in other cognitive processes.Method: Sixty-four patients with unilateral stroke (22 with left brain damage, LBD; 31 with right brain damage without neglect, RBD-N; 11 with right brain damage with neglect, RBD+N) and 41 healthy individuals underwent a specific battery including BR as well as control tasks.Results: In more than a third of the sample, selective (37.5%) and pure (31%) deficits of BR were presented and equally distributed among the different BRs (?10% for each representation), with selective (27.2%) and pure (22.7%) body schema deficit mainly presented after left brain damage. As a group, patients with unilateral brain damage, independently of the side of lesion (LBD, RBD-N, RBD+N), had significantly worse performance on body structural representation with respect to healthy individuals, whereas LBD had numerically worse performance on body schema with respect to healthy individuals and RBD-N. No significant differences among groups were found on body semantics.Conclusion: BR deficits are not a rare consequence of unilateral brain damage and are independent of a more general cognitive dysfunction. Accordingly, the need for an accurate assessment and specific neuropsychological training in clinical settings is discussed.
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Body composition (BC) analysis is important because the modern broiler is one of the most efficient animals in producing protein for human consumption, and a proper nutrition could potentiate this meat production. BC by chemical a...
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Body composition (BC) analysis is important because the modern broiler is one of the most efficient animals in producing protein for human consumption, and a proper nutrition could potentiate this meat production. BC by chemical analysis was analyzed in 151 broilers from lto 60 d of age. Birds were fed mash feeds ad libitum in four phases (starter 1 to 14d, grower 15 to 28 d, finisher 29 to 42 d, and withdrawal 43 to 60 d). Gompertz 3P model, multiple linear regression, and CRD with ANOVA analysis were used in the experimental design using JMP pro 2015. The growth in terms of body weight, protein, fat, minerals (Ca and P) followed a Gompertz 3P model with similar growth rates of about 4.9% per day and the maximum growth was obtained at about 34 d of age. Body weight ranged from 56 to 4184 g, water from 683 to 751 g/kg, protein from 154 to 182 g/kg, fat from 53 to 101 g/kg, minerals (ash) from 17.9 to 22.5 g/kg (AS IS basis). Broiler protein ranged from 563 to 613 g/kg, fat 197 to 317 g/kg, minerals 65.2 to 86.6 g/kg, calcium 11.7 to 18.9 g/kg, and phosphorus 10.3 to 15.3 g/kg dry matter (DM) basis. The calorific coefficients for protein and fat were determined by multiple regressions and resulted in 5.45 +/- 0.09 kcal/g for protein and 8.95 +/- 0.16 kcal/g for fat. These two coefficients can be used to predict the body energy content or energy of gain. The protein: fat ratio was the highest at day 1 and decreased gradually until day 60. The BC in terms of water, protein, and fat changes with age, water being reduced and protein and fat increased towards d60. Mineral composition remained constant at the end of growth but some fluctuations occurred during the grower period. The understanding of the dynamics of BC will bring new opportunities to study and change feed strategies and increase the feed efficiency for meat in the modern broiler.
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1. Body condition is a major concept in ecology addressed in countless studies, and a variety of non-destructive methods are used to estimate the condition of individuals based on the relationship between body mass M and measures ...
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1. Body condition is a major concept in ecology addressed in countless studies, and a variety of non-destructive methods are used to estimate the condition of individuals based on the relationship between body mass M and measures of length L. There is currently no consensus about the most appropriate condition index (CI) method, and various traditions have been established within subdisciplines in which ecologists tend to apply that method used previously by their peers.2. Here, we present a reappraisal of six conventional CI methods: Fulton's index (K = M/L3), Quetelet's index (BMI = M/L2), Relative condition (K-n, computed as the observed individual mass divided by the predicted mass M-i* = a L(i)b where a and b are determined by ordinary least squares (OLS) regression of M against L), Relative mass (W-r, where a and b above are determined from a reference population), the Residual index (R-i, the residuals from an OLS regression of M against L) and ancova. We compare the performance of these methods with that of the Scaled mass index, a novel method which was previously shown to perform better than R-i as a predictor of fat and other body components [J. Peig & A.J. Green (2009) Oikos, 118, 1883].3. To be reliable, a CI method must successfully account for the changing relationship between M and L as body size changes and growth occurs (i.e. for the scaling relationship between M and L). Using data from three species of small mammals we show that, unlike the Scaled mass index, all six conventional methods fail to do this, and as a result they consistently lead to significant differences in CIs between age classes and sex that are a mere consequence of changes in body size. The Scaled mass index was also particularly successful at detecting changes in CI resulting from high levels of contaminants.
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Young men in Western cultures frequently engage in body depilation practices, but little is known regarding how such bodies are perceived. This exploratory study asked United States college students (N=238) to view six pictures of...
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Young men in Western cultures frequently engage in body depilation practices, but little is known regarding how such bodies are perceived. This exploratory study asked United States college students (N=238) to view six pictures of the same male body with different amounts of visible body hair and to indicate which body was most sexually attractive to themselves, to most men, and to most women. Both men and women chose a relatively hairless male body as the most sexually attractive. Women, however, thought men would choose a hairier body than men actually did. Most of the men reduced or removed body hair, especially from the pubic area. Questionnaire responses indicated that men and women had similar attitudes toward men's body hair, with both hair reduction and hair retention being socially acceptable. Men's body depilation, while still optional, may be becoming normative, at least among United States college students.
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Focusing on body functionality is a promising technique for improving women's body image. This study replicates prior research in a large novel sample, tests longer-term follow-up effects, and investigates underlying mechanisms of...
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Focusing on body functionality is a promising technique for improving women's body image. This study replicates prior research in a large novel sample, tests longer-term follow-up effects, and investigates underlying mechanisms of these effects (body complexity and body-self integration). British women (N= 261) aged 18-30 who wanted to improve their body image were randomised to Expand Your Horizon (three online body functionality writing exercises) or an active control. Trait body image was assessed at Pretest, Posttest, 1-week, and 1-month Follow-Up. To explore whether changes in body complexity and body-self integration 'buffer' the impact of negative body-related experiences, participants also completed beauty-ideal media exposure. Relative to the control, intervention participants experienced improved appearance satisfaction, functionality satisfaction, body appreciation, and body complexity at Posttest, and at both Follow-Ups. Neither body complexity nor body-self integration mediated intervention effects. Media exposure decreased state body satisfaction among intervention and control participants, but neither body complexity nor body-self integration moderated these effects. The findings underscore the value of focusing on body functionality for improving body image and show that effects persist one month post-intervention. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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1. Nutrition influences most aspects of animal ecology: juvenile growth rates and adult mass gain, body condition, probability of pregnancy, over-winter survival, timing of parturition, and neonatal birth mass and survival. We pro...
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1. Nutrition influences most aspects of animal ecology: juvenile growth rates and adult mass gain, body condition, probability of pregnancy, over-winter survival, timing of parturition, and neonatal birth mass and survival. We provide an overview among ungulates of the extent of these influences resulting from interactions among bioenergetics, foraging, and nutritional demands. 2. Body condition of an animal is the integrator of nutritional intake and demands, affecting both survival and reproduction. The deposition and mobilization of body fat and body protein vary with physiological requirements and environmental conditions as species use dietary income and body stores to integrate the profits of summer and the demands of winter. Results from our simulation model and uncertainty analysis of the influence of body mass and changes in body composition of Rangifer over winter indicate that percent body fat rather than body mass in early winter is most important in determining whether animals die, live without reproducing, or live and reproduce. Animal responses are also sensitive to rates of change in body protein. Depending on timing of calving and maternal reserves, seasonal habitats vary in their nutritional value for the production of offspring. 3. For free-ranging animals, life is a balance among numerous ecological factors, including nutritional requirements, nutritional resources to meet those demands, and intra- and inter-specific interactions. Predation effects on population demography may mask nutritional limitations of habitat. We suggest that over the long term of life histories, ungulates use seasonal strategies that minimize the maximum detriment, and that the basis for most strategies is nutritional.
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Women’s experiences of their bodies during pregnancy may reflect their reactions to concrete physical changes as well as self-representations during the transition to motherhood. However, adequate measures of the body experience ...
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Women’s experiences of their bodies during pregnancy may reflect their reactions to concrete physical changes as well as self-representations during the transition to motherhood. However, adequate measures of the body experience during pregnancy are lacking. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of a new measure, the Body Experience during Pregnancy Scale (BEPS). In Study 1, the BEPS was administered to 423 pregnant women. In Study 2, 373 pregnant women completed the BEPS, as well as questionnaires assessing body shame, disrupted body boundaries, and well-being. Three BEPS subscales emerged from Study 1: body agency, body estrangement, and body visibility. In Study 2, a confirmatory factor analysis replicated the scale’s structure. The factors were significantly correlated with measures of body shame, disrupted body boundaries, and well-being. The results of the present analyses suggest that the BEPS has good psychometric properties, making it useful in future research.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI), body condition score (BCS), and body energy reserves in Pelibuey ewes. Twenty-four hours before slaughter, withers height (WH) and body length (...
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI), body condition score (BCS), and body energy reserves in Pelibuey ewes. Twenty-four hours before slaughter, withers height (WH) and body length (BL) were measured on 28 ewes. Their BMIs were calculated as follows: BMI = (body weight (kg)/withers height (m)/body length (m))/10. The BMI and BCS showed a correlation coefficient of 0.80 (P <0.05). The regression equation for BMI and BCS had a determination coefficient of 0.64 (RSD: 0.75). The correlation between BMI and the muscle (MUS), internal fat (IF), carcass fat and total body fat (TBF) weights ranged from 0.73 to 0.81 (P < 0.05), while the regression equations had an R-2 that ranged from 0.54 for IF (RSD: 1.98 kg) to 0.60 for carcass fat (CF, RSD: 1.81 kg). BMI and body energy reserves showed a positive relationship with each other; therefore, BMI could be used as a predictor of body energy reserves in non-pregnant and non-lactating Pelibuey ewes. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Following the triadic taxonomy, three different body representations do exist, namely the body semantics, the body structural representation and the body schema. The development of these body representations has been widely invest...
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Following the triadic taxonomy, three different body representations do exist, namely the body semantics, the body structural representation and the body schema. The development of these body representations has been widely investigated in toddlers, but several issues remain to be addressed in school age. To assess age- and gender-related changes in different body representations and to investigate the presence of different patterns of interplay between these representations of the body, 90 children (age range: 7-10) and 37 young adults (age range: 18-35) were given tasks assessing the body semantics, the body structural representation and the body schema as well as control tasks. The present results suggested that the body schema, evaluated by means of hand laterality judgments, was still not completely developed in school-aged children, whereas the body structural representation reached an adult-like pattern by the age of 9-10 years. Finally, body semantics was fully developed in school-aged children. These findings were discussed in terms of their theoretical implications, for a better understanding of body representation development; also, implications for clinical assessment of body representation disorders were discussed.
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