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This review focuses on MRI contrast agents that are responsive to a change in a physiological biomarker. The response mechanisms are dependent on six physicochemical characteristics, including the accessibility of water to the age...
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This review focuses on MRI contrast agents that are responsive to a change in a physiological biomarker. The response mechanisms are dependent on six physicochemical characteristics, including the accessibility of water to the agent, tumbling time, proton exchange rate, electron spin state, MR frequency or superparamagnetism of the agent. These characteristics can be affected by changes in concentrations or activities of enzymes, proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, or metal ions, or changes in redox state, pH, temperature, or light. A total of 117 examples are presented, including ones that employ nuclei other than H-1, which attests to the creativity of multidisciplinary research efforts to develop responsive MRI contrast agents. Copyright (C) 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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In an agent system, the ability to handle problems and recover from them is important in sustaining stability and providing robustness. We claim that execution logging is essential to support agent system robustness, and that agen...
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In an agent system, the ability to handle problems and recover from them is important in sustaining stability and providing robustness. We claim that execution logging is essential to support agent system robustness, and that agents should have architectural-level support for logging and recovery methods. We describe an infrastructure-level, default methodology for agent problem-handling, based on logging, and supported by declaratively encoding domain-specific knowledge related to changes in goal status and semantic compensations. Via logging, the approach allows repair of already-completed as well as current goals. We define a language, APLR, to support and constrain incremental specification of problem-handling information, with the agents' problem-handling behaviour increasing in sophistication as more knowledge is added to the system. The approach is implemented by mapping the methodology and domain knowledge to 3APL-like plan rules extended to support logging.
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Mobile software agents represent an ideal mechanism for dealing with information overload and disconnected computing. Currently, however, they are not integrated into the existing web infrastructure and therefore no websites are a...
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Mobile software agents represent an ideal mechanism for dealing with information overload and disconnected computing. Currently, however, they are not integrated into the existing web infrastructure and therefore no websites are agent-enabled. Two main reasons why operators are unwilling to let agents run on their websites: (1) lack of business incentives and (2) security issues. In this paper we discuss the design and implementation of the Havana agent platform that addresses the above issues, and can be seamlessly integrated into the existing web infrastructure.
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Intentional agent systems are increasingly being used in a wide range of complex applications. Capabilities has recently been introduced into some of these systems as a software engineering mechanism to support modularity and reus...
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Intentional agent systems are increasingly being used in a wide range of complex applications. Capabilities has recently been introduced into some of these systems as a software engineering mechanism to support modularity and reusability while still allowing meta-level reasoning. This paper presents possible formalisations of capabilities within the framework of beliefs, goals and intentions and indicates how capabilities can affect agent reasoning about its intentions. We define a style of agent commitment which we refer to as a self-aware agent which allows an agent to modify its goals and intentions as its capabilities change. We also indicate which aspects of the specification of a BDI interpreter are affected by the introduction of capabilities and give some indications of additional reasoning which could be incorporated into an agent system on the basis of both the theoretical analysis and the existing implementation.
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The increasing level of patients demand across the world obliges governments to face health services in a more flexible and uniform manner. So it is better to building an agent-based information system?s platform in order to grant...
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The increasing level of patients demand across the world obliges governments to face health services in a more flexible and uniform manner. So it is better to building an agent-based information system?s platform in order to grant home care services close to the patient?s needs. The Agent computing in a network of workstations is powerful paradigm for building distributed applications. The e-health care is new kinds of health service and it is very popular at this time. Our objective of work describes the design and implementation a system that enhance the capability of small e-health care to uninterrupted service as per the patient demand. In this system all the transaction of data are processed by Patient Agents (PA), Doctor Agents (DA) and Controller Agent (CA). The user uses the Patient Agent (PA) to connect with the controlling server of the e-health care system. The Controller Agent (CA) is control the demand of the patients as well as activity of the doctors. When the doctor wants to check-up the patient then he/she connects with the Doctor Agent (DA). Using the Doctor Agent (DA), every doctor prescribed some medicine to the patient about the query and if required then refer the patient to another doctor.
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It is important to use agents behavioral history of a multiagent system effectively as a way to realize advanced service organization/adjustment and make the multiagent system adaptable with respect to users and environment. Howev...
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It is important to use agents behavioral history of a multiagent system effectively as a way to realize advanced service organization/adjustment and make the multiagent system adaptable with respect to users and environment. However, it is difficult for a multiagent system that the system holds and manages it's behavioral history and reflects them to the system's behavior effectively after the task execution in the agent workplace. We focus on a repository-based multiagent system that carries out the organization and reorganization of agents using the repository, and we propose a new method and a new function of repository that utilizes behavioral history to deal with the above problem. In this paper, we explain the repository mechanism and a prototype system based on the proposed method. Then we demonstrate the experimental results to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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It is important to use agents behavioral history of a multiagent system effectively as a way to realize advanced service organization/adjustment and make the multiagent system adaptable with respect to users and environment. Howev...
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It is important to use agents behavioral history of a multiagent system effectively as a way to realize advanced service organization/adjustment and make the multiagent system adaptable with respect to users and environment. However, it is difficult for a multiagent system that the system holds and manages it's behavioral history and reflects them to the system's behavior effectively after the task execution in the agent workplace. We focus on a repository-based multiagent system that carries out the organization and reorganization of agents using the repository, and we propose a new method and a new function of repository that utilizes behavioral history to deal with the above problem. In this paper, we explain the repository mechanism and a prototype system based on the proposed method. Then we demonstrate the experimental results to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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Introduction: All anticancer drugs can cause idiosyncratic liver injury. Therefore, hepatoprotective agents assume particular importance to preserve liver function. Hepatic injury represents 10% of cases of acute hepatitis in adul...
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Introduction: All anticancer drugs can cause idiosyncratic liver injury. Therefore, hepatoprotective agents assume particular importance to preserve liver function. Hepatic injury represents 10% of cases of acute hepatitis in adults; drug-related damage is still misjudged because of relative clinical underestimation and difficult differential diagnosis. Chemotherapeutic agents can produce liver toxicity through different pathways, resulting in different categories of liver injuries, but these drugs are not homogeneously hepatotoxic. Frequently, anticancer-induced hepatotoxicity is idiosyncratic and influenced by multiple factors.
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We present a family of sound and complete logics for reasoning about deliberation strategies for Simple APL programs. Simple APL is a fragment of the agent programming language 3 APL designed for the implementation of cognitive ag...
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We present a family of sound and complete logics for reasoning about deliberation strategies for Simple APL programs. Simple APL is a fragment of the agent programming language 3 APL designed for the implementation of cognitive agents with beliefs, goals and plans. The logics are variants of PDL, and allow us to prove safety and liveness properties of SimpleAPL agent programs under different deliberation strategies. We show how to axi-omatise different deliberation strategies for SimpleAPL programs, and, for each strategy we prove a correspondence between the operational semantics of SimpleAPL and the models of the corresponding logic. We illustrate the utility of our approach with an example in which we show how to verify correctness properties for a simple agent program under different deliberation strategies.
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In order for agent-oriented software engineering to prove effective it must use principled notions of agents and enabling specification and reasoning, while still considering routes to practical implementation. This paper deals wi...
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In order for agent-oriented software engineering to prove effective it must use principled notions of agents and enabling specification and reasoning, while still considering routes to practical implementation. This paper deals with the issue of individual agent specification and construction, departing from the conceptual basis provided by the SMART agent framework. SMART offers a descriptive specification of an agent architecture but omits consideration of issues relating to construction and control. In response, we introduce two new views to complement SMART: a behavioural specification and a structural specification which, together, determine the components that make up an agent, and how they operate. In this way, we move from abstract agent system specification to practical implementation. These three aspects are combined to create an agent construction model, actsMAKT, which is then used to define the AgentSpeak(L) architecture in order to illustrate the application.
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