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In this paper, we concentrate on dealing with a class of decision-making problems with level-2 fuzzy coeffcients. We first discuss how to transform a level-2 fuzzy decision-making model with expected objectives and chance constrai...
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In this paper, we concentrate on dealing with a class of decision-making problems with level-2 fuzzy coeffcients. We first discuss how to transform a level-2 fuzzy decision-making model with expected objectives and chance constrained into crisp equivalent models, then an interactive fuzzy satisfying method is introduced to obtain the decision makers satisfying solution. In addition, the technique of level-2 simulations is applied to deal with general level-2 fuzzy models which are usually hard to be converted into their crisp equivalents. Furthermore, based on the level-2 fuzzy programming, we focus on the supply chain network design problem where the total transport costs and the customer demands are assumed to be level-2 fuzzy numbers, a hybrid intelligent algorithm based on GA is used to solve the general supply chain design model. Finally, numerical example and a case study are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the model and the algorithm.
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Managers of modern large-scale construction projects are under pressure to meet higher customer expectations with tighter budgets. Although they deal with numerous issues in the purchasing and manufacturing processes, selecting ef...
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Managers of modern large-scale construction projects are under pressure to meet higher customer expectations with tighter budgets. Although they deal with numerous issues in the purchasing and manufacturing processes, selecting effective and efficient material suppliers is among the most critical one. This selection is often very challenging when lacking precise information. Moreover, the construction contractor and the suppliers often have conflicting interests and make decisions individually. As research concerning the aforementioned issues is still relatively scarce, this paper proposes a multiobjective bilevel programming model with random fuzzy coefficients for supplier selection problem with multiple items (SSP-MI) in a large-scale construction project. The upper level problem deals with the construction contractor who selects suppliers to minimize total cost, maximize service, and item quality. The lower level problem deals with the suppliers who allocate supplied items to maximize their own total profit. For solving this complex bilevel nonlinear model with uncertainties an expected value operator method is first used to deal with the uncertain variables, and then Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions and a combinatorial algorithm with a sectional genetic algorithm with fuzzy logic controller (flc-SGA) and a weighted-sum method (WSM) based on satisfactory degree (SD) denoted as flc-SGA with SD-based WSM are proposed. Finally, the proposed approach is demonstrated to be effective when carried out in the Pubugou Hydropower construction project.
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The security of water resources is of great importance to long-term sustainability. In order to better ensure the security of water resources, a significant link is to conduct water resources security evaluation, which should be c...
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The security of water resources is of great importance to long-term sustainability. In order to better ensure the security of water resources, a significant link is to conduct water resources security evaluation, which should be considered from many perspectives as it involves natural reserves, social production, the efficiency of use, and environmental protection. In this paper, a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process sort (AHPSort) II-entropy weight (EW) method for regional water resources security evaluation is proposed based on the security of visible water and virtual water. Firstly, this paper takes into account the criterion of efficiency of water use in addition to two other criteria of quantity of water resources, pressure on water resources to establish a comprehensive water resources security evaluation system. Secondly, a combination method of hesitant fuzzy language judgment and entropy weight is employed to obtain the weight of each indicator. Thirdly, AHPSort II is used to classify the security levels of the evaluated regions, in which the security levels of regional water resources are divided into five levels. Furthermore, a case study on the cities of Hubei province, China, is conducted to show the applicability of the proposed method, the effectiveness, and reliability of the method are then verified by being compared with a subjective method and an objective method as well as sensitivity analysis. Finally, according to the comprehensive evaluation results, specific management suggestions for improving the water resources security in the case are put forward.
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Due to policy promotion towards new energy vehicles, battery supplier evaluation, as a critical multi-faceted decision problem, is the foundation of the good quality of products or service and further long-term development of ente...
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Due to policy promotion towards new energy vehicles, battery supplier evaluation, as a critical multi-faceted decision problem, is the foundation of the good quality of products or service and further long-term development of enterprises. Most of methods have been proposed to measure the performance of potential candidates from the sustainable dimension, but they may ignore resilient and smart criteria, i.e., risk resistance capacity and smart technologies application, relating to normal supply and product reliability. Additionally, prior studies mainly report on the priority of suppliers from perfect rationality of the decision maker, but they pay little attention to indifference and incomparability relations between suppliers and bounded rationality of the decision maker. Therefore, this paper proposes an outranking based multi-criteria behavioral decision making method, named as prospect theory-based distributed linguistic ORESTE method to portray three outranking relations, preference, indifference and incomparability, from the view of bounded rationality of the decision maker. This approach adopts linguistic distribution to reveal the uncertain preference along with good flexibility and adaptability. It is applied to the battery supplier selection in new energy vehicles enterprises. Comparative analysis indicates the availability and superiority and sensitivity analysis verifies its stability.
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Protein sources in livestock feed include cottonseed meals (CSM) or rapeseed meals (RSM). However, their use in feed diets is restricted due to anti-nutritional elements such as free gossypol or glucosinolate. The main objective o...
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Protein sources in livestock feed include cottonseed meals (CSM) or rapeseed meals (RSM). However, their use in feed diets is restricted due to anti-nutritional elements such as free gossypol or glucosinolate. The main objective of this study was to determine the effect of microbial fermentation of total mixed ration (TMR) with CSM/RSM on the growth performance and meat quality of Hu lamb. Fifty-one male Hu lambs (4 months old) with a 22.51 kg body weight were randomly assigned to three treatments and fed unfermented TMR with soybean meal (control group), FTMR (fermented total mixed ration) with CSM or RSM, respectively. The experiment lasted 97 days. Growth performance, rumen fermentation, and meat quality were measured. Overall dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), and final body weight (FBW) were similar among treatments (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) of longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle meat. There were no significant differences between the FTMR-CSM/RSM and control groups in drip loss, cooking loss, cooking percentage rate, or shear force of LT muscle meat. Lambs fed FTMR-CSM had significantly higher rumen fluid total volatile fatty acid values than those in control or FTMR-RSM groups (p < 0.05). Meat from lambs fed FTMR-RSM had a higher level of saturated fatty acids than lambs fed the control diet. The LT muscle meat of lamb fed FTMR-CSM had more unsaturated fatty acids than the control group (p < 0.001). In conclusion, FTMR with cottonseed or rapeseed meal can be fed without causing any adverse effects on Hu lamb.
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Regional water resources coordination (RWRC) plays a prominent role in long-term sustainability. In order to achieve harmonious utilization of regional water resources, it is suggested that local governments should focus on balanc...
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Regional water resources coordination (RWRC) plays a prominent role in long-term sustainability. In order to achieve harmonious utilization of regional water resources, it is suggested that local governments should focus on balancing three goals - security, equity, and efficiency, resulting in both ecological and socio-economic benefits in a region. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a comprehensive evaluation methodology for assessing the degree of RWRC. First, a security-equity-efficiency (SEE) evaluation indicator system is established. A novel multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach that integrates decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method and VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (in Serbian, known as VIKOR) method considering two different hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets (HFLTSs) is then proposed. With this approach, a final ranking is obtained for six alternatives for the RWRC of the relevant regions (i.e., Shandong Province, Henan Province, Hebei Province, Anhui Province, Tian City, Jiangsu Province) in North China Plain, and the six relevant regions receive coordination performance ranking of II, III, V, I, VI, IV. Moreover, comparison analysis and sensitivity analysis are conducted to verify the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method and dig deep into the RWRC conditions in the studied regions. Finally, some managerial suggestions are provided for strengthening the coordination levels in these regions.
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Myocardial infarction (MI) and its resultant heart failure remains a major cause of death in the world. The current treatments for patients with MI are revascularization with thrombolytic agents or interventional procedures. These...
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Myocardial infarction (MI) and its resultant heart failure remains a major cause of death in the world. The current treatments for patients with MI are revascularization with thrombolytic agents or interventional procedures. These treatments have focused on restoring blood flow to the ischemic tissue to prevent tissue necrosis and preserve organ function. The restoration of blood flow after a period of ischemia, however, may elicit further myocardial damage, called reperfusion injury. Pharmacological interventions, such as antioxidant and Ca2+ channel blockers, have shown premises in experimental settings; however, clinical studies have shown limited success. Thus, there is a need for the development of novel therapies to treat reperfusion injury. The therapeutic potential of glucocorticoid-regulated anti-inflammatory mediator annexin-A1 (ANX-A1) has recently been recognized in a range of systemic inflammatory disorders. ANX-A1 binds to and activates the family of formyl peptide receptors (G protein-coupled receptor family) to inhibit neutrophil activation, migration and infiltration. Until recently, studies on the cardioprotective actions of ANX-A1 and its peptide mimetics (Ac2-26, CGEN-855A) have largely focused on its anti-inflammatory effects as a mechanism of preserving myocardial viability following I-R injury. Our laboratory provided the first evidence of the direct protective action of ANX-A1 on myocardium, independent of inflammatory cells in vitro. We now review the potential for ANX-A1 based therapeutics to be seen as a "triple shield" therapy against myocardial I-R injury, limiting neutrophil infiltration and preserving both cardiomyocyte viability and contractile function. This novel therapy may thus represent a valuable clinical approach to improve outcome after MI. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc All rights reserved.
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High-cost milk proteins necessitate cheaper, effective milk replacer alternatives, such as plant proteins. To examine plant protein-based milk replacer’s impact on growth performance, serum immune and antioxidant indicators, and ...
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High-cost milk proteins necessitate cheaper, effective milk replacer alternatives, such as plant proteins. To examine plant protein-based milk replacer’s impact on growth performance, serum immune and antioxidant indicators, and liver transcriptome profiles in suckling calves. We assigned 28 newborn Holstein calves (41.60 ± 3.67 kg of body weight at birth) to milk (M) or milk replacer (MR) and starter diets pre-weaning (0–70 d of age) but with the same starter diet post-weaning (71–98 d of age). During the pre-weaning period, compared with the M group, MR group had significantly lower body weight, withers height, heart girth, average daily gain, feed efficiency, serum immunoglobulin (Ig) M concentration, superoxide dismutase concentration, and total antioxidant capacity; whereas they had significantly higher serum aspartate aminotransferase concentration. During the post-weaning period, MR group presented significantly higher average daily gain, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, and malonaldehyde concentrations; whereas they had significantly lower serum IgA and IgM concentrations than the M group. Transcriptome analysis revealed 1, 120 and 293 differentially expressed genes (DEGs; MR vs. M group) in the calves from pre- and post-weaning periods, respectively. The DEGs related to xenobiotic and lipid metabolism and those related to energy metabolism, immune function, and mineral metabolism were up- and downregulated, respectively, during the pre-weaning period; during the post-weaning period, the DEGs related to osteoclast differentiation and metabolic pathways showed difference. In this study, compared with M group, MR group had the same growth performance during the overall experimental period; however, MR affected the hepatic metabolism, immune, and antioxidant function of calves. These observations can facilitate future studies on milk replacers.
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Objective: A meta-analysis was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of antithrombotic therapy with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) versus standard care in patients after successful transcatheter aortic...
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Objective: A meta-analysis was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of antithrombotic therapy with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) versus standard care in patients after successful transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and EMBASE databases and ClinicalTrials.gov website (through 21 October 2020) was performed. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all outcomes were calculated using random-effects models. Results: Twelve studies (two studies were randomized controlled trials) comprising 6943 patients were included (5299 had indications for oral anticoagulation (OAC) and 1644 had none). No significant differences were found between NOACs and the standard care in the incidences of all stroke, a composite endpoint, and major/life-threatening bleeding. NOACs were associated with lower all-cause mortality than vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) in post-TAVR patients with indications for OAC after more than 1 year of follow-up [RR?= 0.64; 95% CI, (0.42, 0.96); p?=?0.03], whereas NOACs exhibited poor outcomes than antiplatelet therapy (APT) in patients without indications for OAC [RR?=?1.66; 95% CI, (1.12, 2.45); p?=?0.01]. In the prevention of valve thrombosis, NOACs and VKAs were not significantly different in patients with indications for OAC [RR?=?0.66; 95% CI, (0.24, 1.84); p?=?0.43], whereas NOACs were better than APT in patients without indications for OAC [RR?=?0.19; 95% CI, (0.04, 0.83); p =?0.03]. Conclusions: In patients with indications for OAC, post-TAVR antithrombotic therapy with NOACs was more favorable due to its lower all-cause mortality after more than 1 year of follow-up. In those without indications for OAC, NOACs presented poorer outcomes due to its higher all-cause mortality.
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Although visual display terminals have been used in office work for many years, research on the effect of long time work using them is still insufficient. Also, the impact of a LED light source for all day work is not clear. In th...
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Although visual display terminals have been used in office work for many years, research on the effect of long time work using them is still insufficient. Also, the impact of a LED light source for all day work is not clear. In this paper, the visual fatigue caused by long-term VDT work under fluorescent and LED luminaires was investigated though subjective reports of symptoms, ophthalmological parameters and physiological signals. The results show that visual fatigue becomes more serious with increasing time spent at VDT work. Compared to fluorescent luminaires, the LED luminaires produced significantly greater near point accommodation, blink amplitude and oxygen saturation but less dry eye symptoms, less best corrected distance visual acuity and less high-frequency electrocardiogram power as time passed, although all were of small effect size. Although the participants carried out eight hours of VDT work under the two light sources, at the end the symptom ‘tired eyes’ was rated as moderate while all the other reported symptoms were rated as slight.
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