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Tajima Yahei Sericulture Farm, one of the four components of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Tomioka Silk Mill and Related Sites inscribed in 2014, was the starting point for advancements in sericulture farmhouses, emphasizing the ...
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Tajima Yahei Sericulture Farm, one of the four components of the UNESCO World Heritage Site Tomioka Silk Mill and Related Sites inscribed in 2014, was the starting point for advancements in sericulture farmhouses, emphasizing the importance of ventilation. Through Yahei’s experimentation surrounding the ideal space to breed silkworms, a new sericulture theory was invented, and a sericulture farmhouse architecture was formed. For the purpose of preserving this cultural heritage for future generations, it is important to understand the idea that led to the cultural and industrial advancement of the village of Shimamura and to revise the preservation plans prepared by stakeholders. This paper will discuss the development of the sericulture theory, seiryō-iku theory, and the formation of a sericulture farmhouse architecture; describe the adaptation of former sericulture farmhouses and the surrounding landscapes in terms of the industry and environment; outline the plans and efforts for the preservation and revitalization of Tajima Yahei Sericulture Farm, its surrounding area and its underlying issues; and propose a direction for future preservation plans.
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This study proposes a cooperative evolutionary optimization method between a user and system (CEUS) for problems involving quantitative and qualitative optimization criteria. In a general interactive evolutionary computation (IEC)...
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This study proposes a cooperative evolutionary optimization method between a user and system (CEUS) for problems involving quantitative and qualitative optimization criteria. In a general interactive evolutionary computation (IEC) model, both the system and user have their own role in the evolution, such as individual reproduction or evaluation. In contrast, the proposed CEUS allows the user to dynamically change the allocation of search roles between the system and user, resulting in simultaneous optimization of qualitative and quantitative objective functions without increasing user fatigue. This is achieved by a combination of user evaluation prediction and the integration of interactive and non-interactive EC. For instance, the system performs a global search at the beginning, the user then intensifies the search area, and finally the system conducts a local search in the intensified search area. This study applies CEUS to an image processing filter design problem that involves both quantitative (filter output accuracy) and qualitative (filter behavior) criteria. Experiments have shown that the proposed CEUS can design image filters in accordance with user preferences, and CEUS interacting with a non-naive user enhanced the initial global search so that it converged and found a reasonable solution more than four times faster than a non-interactive search.
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Dipeptidyl peptidase Ⅳ (DPP-Ⅳ) inhibitors are looked to as a potential new antidiabetic agent class. A series of [(S)-γ-(arylamino)prolyl]thiazolidine compounds in which the electrophilic nitrile is removed are chemically stabl...
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Dipeptidyl peptidase Ⅳ (DPP-Ⅳ) inhibitors are looked to as a potential new antidiabetic agent class. A series of [(S)-γ-(arylamino)prolyl]thiazolidine compounds in which the electrophilic nitrile is removed are chemically stable DPP-Ⅳ inhibitors. To discover a structure for the γ-substituent of the proline moiety more suitable for interacting with the S_2 pocket of DPP-Ⅳ, optimization focused on the γ-substituent was carried out. The indoline compound 22e showed a DPP-Ⅳ-inhibitory activity 100-fold more potent than that of the prolylthiazolidine 10 and comparable to that of NVP-DPP728. It also displayed improved inhibitory selectivity for DPP-Ⅳ over DPP8 and DPP9 compared to compound 10. Indoline compounds such as 22e have a rigid conformation with double restriction of the aromatic moiety by proline and indoline structures to promote interaction with the binding site in the S_2 pocket of DPP-Ⅳ. The double restriction effect provides a potent inhibitory activity which compensates for the decrease in activity caused by removing the electrophilic nitrile.
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The combination of a pattern projector and a camera is widely used for 3D measurement. To recover shape from a captured image, various kinds of depth cues are extracted from projected patterns in the image, such as disparities fro...
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The combination of a pattern projector and a camera is widely used for 3D measurement. To recover shape from a captured image, various kinds of depth cues are extracted from projected patterns in the image, such as disparities from active stereo or blurriness for depth from defocus. Recently, several techniques have been proposed to improve 3D quality using multiple depth cues by installing coded apertures in projectors or by increasing the number of projectors. However, superposition of projected patterns forms a complicated light field in 3D space, which makes the process of analyzing captured images challenging. In this paper, we propose a learning-based technique to extract depth information from such a light field, which includes multiple depth cues. In the learning phase, prior to the 3D measurement of unknown scenes, projected patterns as they appear at various depths are prepared from not only actual images but also ones generated virtually using computer graphics and geometric calibration results. Then, we use principal component analysis (PCA) to extract features of small patches. In the 3D measurement (reconstruction) phase, the same features of patches are extracted from a captured image of a target scene and compared with the learned data. By using the dimensional reduction by feature extraction, an efficient search algorithm, such as an approximated nearest neighbor (ANN), can be used for the matching process. Another important advantage of our learning-based approach is that we can use most known projection patterns without changing the algorithm.
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This article describes how surrogate-assisted evolutionary computation (SAEC) has widely applied to approximate expensive optimization problems, which require much computational time such as hours for one solution evaluation. SAEC...
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This article describes how surrogate-assisted evolutionary computation (SAEC) has widely applied to approximate expensive optimization problems, which require much computational time such as hours for one solution evaluation. SAEC may potentially also reduce the processing time of inexpensive optimization problems wherein solutions are evaluated within a few seconds or minutes. To achieve this, the approximation model construction for an objective function should be iterated as few times as possible during optimization. Therefore, this article proposes an adaptive evolution control mechanism for SAEC using rank correlations between actually evaluated and approximately evaluated values of the objective function. These correlations are then used to adaptively switch the approximation and actual evaluation phases, reducing the number of runs required to learn the approximation model. Experiments show that the proposed method could successfully reduce the processing time in some benchmark functions even under inexpensive scenario.
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For realizing stable and high-speed communication systems, the spectral of signals need to be purified, thus, an asymmetric third-order bandpass filter, which composed by open-circuited stubs loaded dissimilar stepped impedance re...
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For realizing stable and high-speed communication systems, the spectral of signals need to be purified, thus, an asymmetric third-order bandpass filter, which composed by open-circuited stubs loaded dissimilar stepped impedance resonators, is proposed to realize 20 dB stop-band attenuation up to 20.6f _(0) (17.85 GHz). Open-circuited stubs are loaded to resonators for scattering harmonics and suppressing the unexpected harmonics. Asymmetric coupling structure has been applied to suppress the harmonics and the inevitable fly-over coupling between resonators. Stepped impedance resonators are designed with extremely low impedance ratio (R _(z)) for enhancing the open-circuited stubs and asymmetric coupling structures' suppression on harmonics and reducing the circuit size. Resonance frequencies, external quality factor (Q _(e)) and coupling coefficient (K ) between dissimilar resonators have been synthesized and derived by admittance analysis. The open-circuited stub and K 's influence on fundamental resonance, and Q _(e) have been derived by equations and investigated by simulations respectively. Both the calculations and simulations show that the open-circuited stub and asymmetric coupling structure influence fundamental resonance little while the harmonics significantly.
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The application of the usual geotechnical engineering to wastes-reclaimed ground is often difficult because of the variety and transition of the waste materials. On the other hand, the land use of waste disposal sites tends to inc...
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The application of the usual geotechnical engineering to wastes-reclaimed ground is often difficult because of the variety and transition of the waste materials. On the other hand, the land use of waste disposal sites tends to increase due to social needs for its effective use and the backup of the progress of studies concerning waste materials and wastes-reclaimed ground. In this paper. at first, the characteristics and estimation of these sites are summarized in term of engineering based on previous studies, and some factors that should be noted in case of planning, design and construction of structures on the site are pointed out. Secondly, it is described in term of environmental pollution how to apply counter measures against the polluted leachate in wastes-reclaimed ground. In addition, the structure of the vertical seepage control work installed in the ground as a counter measure for the use of the site disposal facility is discussed and its performance is estimated. Furthermore, the permiability of sheet piles that will be an important theme in near future is discussed.
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Intestinal metaplasia induced by ectopic expression of caudal‐type homeobox (CDX)2 and/or CDX1 (CDX) is frequently observed around gastric cancer (GC). Abnormal expression of CDX is also observed in GC and suggests that inappropr...
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Intestinal metaplasia induced by ectopic expression of caudal‐type homeobox (CDX)2 and/or CDX1 (CDX) is frequently observed around gastric cancer (GC). Abnormal expression of CDX is also observed in GC and suggests that inappropriate gastrointestinal differentiation plays essential roles in gastric tumorigenesis, but their roles on tumorigenesis remain unelucidated. Publicly available databases show that GC patients with higher CDX expression have significantly better clinical outcomes. We introduced CDX2 and CDX1 genes separately into GC‐originated MKN7 and TMK1 cells deficient in CDX. Marked suppression of cell growth and dramatic morphological change into spindle‐shaped flat form were observed along with induction of intestinal marker genes. G0‐G1 growth arrest was accompanied by changed expression of cell cycle‐related genes but not with apoptosis or senescence. Microarray analyses additionally showed decreased expression of gastric marker genes and increased expression of stemness‐associated genes. Hierarchical clustering of 111 GC tissues and 21 non‐cancerous gastric tissues by selected 18 signature genes based on our transcriptome analyses clearly categorized the 132 tissues into non‐cancer, “CDX signature”‐positive GC, and “CDX signature”‐negative GC. Gene set enrichment analysis indicated that “CDX signature”‐positive GC has lower malignant features. Immunohistochemistry of 89 GC specimens showed that 50.6% were CDX2‐deficient, 66.3% were CDX1‐deficient, and 44.9% were concomitant CDX2/CDX1‐deficient, suggesting that potentially targetable GC cases by induced intestinal differentiation are quite common. In conclusion, exogenous expression of CDX2/CDX1 can lead to efficient growth inhibition of CDX‐deficient GC cells. It is based on rapidly induced intestinal differentiation, which may be a future therapeutic strategy.
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AbstractCD47 is an antiphagocytic molecule that acts via ligation to signal regulatory protein alpha on phagocytes; its enhanced expression and therapeutic targeting have recently been reported for several malignancies. However, C...
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AbstractCD47 is an antiphagocytic molecule that acts via ligation to signal regulatory protein alpha on phagocytes; its enhanced expression and therapeutic targeting have recently been reported for several malignancies. However, CD47 expression in gastric cancer is not well documented. Immunohistochemical expression of CD47 in surgical specimens was investigated. Expression of CD47 and CD44, a known gastric cancer stem cell marker, were investigated in gastric cancer cell lines by flow cytometry. MKN45 and MKN74 gastric cancer cells were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting according to CD44 and CD47 expression levels, and their in vitro proliferation, spheroid-forming capacity, and in vivo tumorigenicity were studied. In vitro phagocytosis of cancer cells by human macrophages in the presence of a CD47 blocking monoclonal antibody (B6H12) and the survival of immunodeficient mice intraperitoneally engrafted with MKN45 cells and B6H12 were compared to experiments using control antibodies. Immunohistochemistry of the clinical specimens indicated that CD47 was positive in 57 out of 115 cases, and its positivity was an independent adverse prognostic factor. Approximately 90% of the MKN45 and MKN74 cells expressed CD47 and CD44. CD47hi gastric cancer cells showed significantly higher proliferation and spheroid colony formation than CD47lo, and CD44hiCD47hi cells showed the highest proliferation in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. B6H12 significantly enhanced in vitro phagocytosis of cancer cells by human macrophages and prolonged the survival of intraperitoneal cancer dissemination in mice compared to control antibodies. In conclusion, CD47 is an adverse prognostic factor and promising therapeutic target in gastric cancer.
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Although ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has long been used for patients with chronic cholestatic liver diseases, particularly primary biliary cirrhosis, it may modulate the host immune response. This study investigated the effect of ...
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Although ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has long been used for patients with chronic cholestatic liver diseases, particularly primary biliary cirrhosis, it may modulate the host immune response. This study investigated the effect of UDCA feeding on experimental hepatitis, endotoxin shock, and bacterial infection in mice. C57BL/6 mice were fed a diet supplemented with or without 0.3% (wt/vol) UDCA for 4 wk. UDCA improved hepatocyte injury and survival in concanavalin-A (Con-A)-induced hepatitis by suppressing IFN-gamma production by liver mononu-clear cells (MNC), especially NK and NKT cells. UDCA also increased survival after lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenge; however, it increased mortality of mice following Escherichia coli infection due to the worsening of infection. UDCA-fed mice showed suppressed serum IL-18 levels and production of IL-18 from liver Kupffer cells, which together with IL-12 potently induce IFN-gamma production. However, unlike normal mice, exogenous IL-18 pretreatment did not increase the serum IFN-gamma levels after E. coli, LPS, or Con-A challenge in the UDCA-fed mice. Interestingly, however, glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression was significantly upregulated in the liver MNC of the UDCA-fed mice but not in their whole liver tissue homogenates. Silencing GR in the liver MNC abrogated the suppressive effect of UDCA on LPS- or Con-A-induced IFN-gamma production. Furthermore, RU486, a GR antagonist, restored the serum IFN-gamma level in UDCA-fed mice after E. coli, LPS, or Con-A challenge. Taken together, these results suggest that IFN-gamma-reducing immunomodulatory property of UDCA is mediated by elevated GR in the liver lymphocytes in an IL-12/18-independent manner.
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