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? 2023 The AuthorsThe early detection of very low bacterial concentrations is key to minimize the healthcare and safety issues associated with microbial infections, food poisoning or water pollution. In amperometric integrated cir...
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? 2023 The AuthorsThe early detection of very low bacterial concentrations is key to minimize the healthcare and safety issues associated with microbial infections, food poisoning or water pollution. In amperometric integrated circuits for electrochemical sensors, flicker noise is still the main bottleneck to achieve ultrasensitive detection with small footprint, cost-effective and ultra-low power instrumentation. Current strategies rely on autozeroing or chopper stabilization causing negative impacts on chip size and power consumption. This work presents a 27-μW potentiostatic-amperometric Delta-Sigma modulator able to cancel its own flicker noise and provide a 4-fold improvement in the limit of detection. The 2.3-mm2 all-in-one CMOS integrated circuit is glued to an inkjet-printed electrochemical sensor. Measurements show that the limit of detection is 15 pArms, the extended dynamic range reaches 110 dB and linearity is R2 = 0.998. The disposable device is able to detect, in less than 1h, live bacterial concentrations as low as 102 CFU/mL from a 50-μL droplet sample, which is equivalent to 5 microorganisms.
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? 2022 The AuthorsThis study establishes the photoelectrochromic properties of four diarylethene ionic liquids (DAE-ILs) composed of a diarylethene dicarboxylate (DAE) moiety, as counter-anion, and different organic cations ([C10m...
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? 2022 The AuthorsThis study establishes the photoelectrochromic properties of four diarylethene ionic liquids (DAE-ILs) composed of a diarylethene dicarboxylate (DAE) moiety, as counter-anion, and different organic cations ([C10mim]+, [C16Pyr] +, [N8,8,8,1]+, [P6,6,6,14]+). The synthetized ILs viscous fluids maintain the photochemical and electrochemical properties of this well-known family of photoswitches, as well as the typical features of ILs (e.g., low melting point, and high thermal and electrochemical stability). Our strategy of making multi-stimuli-responsive ionic liquids by ionic exchange opens the door to easily tune the physicochemical properties of smart DAE-ILs in function of the selected cation. Finally, those DAE-ILs are used to formulate smart ionogels (IGs), a type of materials that, by showing good conductive properties and retaining the stimuli-responsive behavior of the embedded DAE molecules, allow the fabrication of photoelectrochemical devices.
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? 2022 The AuthorsPolybenzoxazines attract much attention as good phenolic resins due to their interesting and useful properties. Recently, benzoxazine monomers have been employed as crosslinking agents to enhance the properties o...
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? 2022 The AuthorsPolybenzoxazines attract much attention as good phenolic resins due to their interesting and useful properties. Recently, benzoxazine monomers have been employed as crosslinking agents to enhance the properties of different types of polymers by being used as additives to a secondary cure process. In this paper, we propose a new electroinduced approach to increase the crosslinking density of electroactive polybenzoxazines through the design of new monomers that contain triphenylamine groups as electrodimerization points. The use of electrochemical techniques means the crosslinking process can be monitored and also the electrochemical reaction process upon polybenzoxazine oxidation either in solution or ionogel matrixes can be disclosed. These studies lay the foundations for the design of smart polybenzoxazines that could undergo dual-cure mechanisms at low electrochemical potential values.
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