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Question: Which one of the two mainly used mowing regimes along road verges, mowing once or twice a year is a better option regarding flowering and seed-producing success of grassland species and plant species in general? Location...
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Question: Which one of the two mainly used mowing regimes along road verges, mowing once or twice a year is a better option regarding flowering and seed-producing success of grassland species and plant species in general? Location: Southeast Finland.Methods: Plant species composition, flowering and seed production success were studied in road verges (1) mown once in August and (2) mown at the end of June and August. Flowering shoots were counted and phenological phases were estimated four times during a growing season. Results: The numbers of flowering or seed-producing species and shoots indicated that mowing once a year corresponding to the timing of traditional management was markedly better than mowing twice a year. The difference between the management groups was greatest at the end of July when the number of flowering species was 43% and the number of flowering and seed-producing shoots 76% less after the first mowing than in the still unmown sites. The species avoided early cutting either through the timing of flowering or due to their growth form.Early season mowing had no effect on the occurrence and seed-producing success of grassland species and the first flowering species. Seed production of grasses succeeded poorly in the verges mowntwice. Conclusion: Mowing once in August resulted in higher seed production in general, but mowing twice a season might be a better way to manage young verges on nutrient-rich soils. The useful qualities of the management options should be considered locally when planning road verge management.
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In the present investigation pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), refined wheat flour and green gram (Phaseolus aureus) were used to formulate banana cake. The pearl millet, refined wheat flour and green gram flour were mixed in ...
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In the present investigation pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), refined wheat flour and green gram (Phaseolus aureus) were used to formulate banana cake. The pearl millet, refined wheat flour and green gram flour were mixed in the ratio of 20: 70:10 (Type-I), 30: 60:10 (Type-II) and 100% refined wheat flour (control). Blanched pearl millet flour was used in the formulation of banana cake. Sensory analysis indicated that banana cake was liked moderately by the panelists. The proximate composition,sugar and mineral content of type-I and type-II banana cake were higher than control banana cake. Therefore, blanched pearl millet flour in combination with refined wheat flour and green gram flour can be successfully incorporated for the development ofnutritious banana cake.
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Bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass (agro residues, grasses, wood, weed, dedicated energy crops and others) into biofuels and other value-added products offers numerous geopolitical, environmental;strategic benefits. Lignocel...
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Bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass (agro residues, grasses, wood, weed, dedicated energy crops and others) into biofuels and other value-added products offers numerous geopolitical, environmental;strategic benefits. Lignocellulosic biomass (LB) is the most abundant renewable organic resources (~200 billion tons annually) on earth that are readily available for conversion to biofuels and other value-added products (industrial enzymes, organic acids, Pharmaceuticals, commodity chemicals;food/feed). However, they have not yet been tapped for the commercial production of these products.
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A SMALLER, though still above-average, Austrian vegetable harvest is expected this year, according to initial estimates from Statistik Austria. Field and market garden vegetable crops (excluding Chinese leaf) are put at a total 54...
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A SMALLER, though still above-average, Austrian vegetable harvest is expected this year, according to initial estimates from Statistik Austria. Field and market garden vegetable crops (excluding Chinese leaf) are put at a total 543 800 tonnes, 4% down on 2009. The decline is due to area cutbacks as well as the unfavourable weather conditions in May and June this year. Positive development is indicated for a few crops, notably tomatoes.
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EUROPEAN apple sales were strong in March and, with remaining stocks lower than normal, producers and traders are confident of a good end to the season. By contrast, the pear market is under pressure, despite a well below average ...
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EUROPEAN apple sales were strong in March and, with remaining stocks lower than normal, producers and traders are confident of a good end to the season. By contrast, the pear market is under pressure, despite a well below average harvest in 2010. Prices for the main apple varieties in Europe were remarkably stable in mid-April, and fears that high prices would deter consumers have not materialised. This has partly been due to the large volumes exported to Russian and south-eastern Europe, which haverelieved pressure on west European markets.
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GLOBAL trade in chicory is confined to a small number of countries, almost exclusively in Europe. Export and import statistics for the vegetable are nevertheless somewhat unreliable, even though it has its own code number for trad...
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GLOBAL trade in chicory is confined to a small number of countries, almost exclusively in Europe. Export and import statistics for the vegetable are nevertheless somewhat unreliable, even though it has its own code number for trade data. Owing to thesteady decline in French chicory shipments in recent years, the Netherlands has taken over the top slot among chicory exporting countries. The commonly used term for the vegetable in the various consumer nations already helps to create confusion, with the words for chicory and endive swapping places in different languages. This means that, although chicory and endive each have their own trade category, the name confusion can easily result in mis-allocation of import or export volumes. Chicory is also referred to as Brussels endive, and in the Netherlands and Belgium aswitloof.
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THE WORLDWIDE reach of trade in onions was demonstrated in the 2009/10 season by the effect of crop shortfalls as far away as Japan, India or Brazil on European prices. The connection is chiefly down to the export activity of the ...
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THE WORLDWIDE reach of trade in onions was demonstrated in the 2009/10 season by the effect of crop shortfalls as far away as Japan, India or Brazil on European prices. The connection is chiefly down to the export activity of the Netherlands, which includes destinations in Africa, Asia and the Pacific. Marked shifts in product flows in the first half of 2010 compared with the two previous years are revealed by data from the Dutch horticulture board, Productschap Tuinbouw (PT), and the Quality Control Office for Fruit and Vegetables (KCB) as well as GTIS.
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NORTHERN hemisphere production of kiwifruit in the European season now beginning is an estimated 17% down on the abundant 2009 crop, at 579875 tonnes, according to CSO figures published at the International Kiwi Organisation (IKO)...
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NORTHERN hemisphere production of kiwifruit in the European season now beginning is an estimated 17% down on the abundant 2009 crop, at 579875 tonnes, according to CSO figures published at the International Kiwi Organisation (IKO) meeting in Bardolino, Italy, last month. The largest northern hemisphere producer is Italy, with annual cultivation of some 28 000 hectares. Of this total, 23 200ha are currently in full production. Compared with the 471909 tonne crop harvested in 2009/10, a reduction of almost 20% is estimated for the 2010/11 season, to 379400 tonnes.
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THIS year's Polish fruit harvest will be substantially smaller than that of 2009 as conditions for blossoming were far from ideal in the cold rainy spring and pollination, particularly for stone fruit, was much weaker than last ye...
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THIS year's Polish fruit harvest will be substantially smaller than that of 2009 as conditions for blossoming were far from ideal in the cold rainy spring and pollination, particularly for stone fruit, was much weaker than last year. Fruit productionis set to fall 13% to 3.16 million tonnes in 2010, according to the results of analyses by the Agricultural Economics Institute, IERiGZ, and the statistics office GUS.
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