摘要 :
Within a cohort of 846 inner - city asthmatic children aged 4 to 9 yr, we looked for subgroups that were more susceptible to the effects of summer ozone. Daily diaries were compared with ambient ozone levels to evaluate effect mod...
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Within a cohort of 846 inner - city asthmatic children aged 4 to 9 yr, we looked for subgroups that were more susceptible to the effects of summer ozone. Daily diaries were compared with ambient ozone levels to evaluate effect modification by demographic and environmental characteristics. Children born > 3 wk prematurely or weighing < 5.5 lb. Had greater declines in morning /100 peak ex - piratory flow rate (PEFR) (1.8/100 versus 0.3/100 per 15 ppb ozone , p> 0.05) and a higher incidence of morning symptoms (odds ratio = 1.42 versus 1.09 per 15 ppb ozone, p < 0.05 than did children who had been full - term infants of normal birthweight.
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摘要 :
Although epidemiological studies have linked particulate air pollution with cardiopulonary mortality, underlying biological mechanisms remain largely unknown. Unexplored pathophysiological pathways include transient declines in bl...
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Although epidemiological studies have linked particulate air pollution with cardiopulonary mortality, underlying biological mechanisms remain largely unknown. Unexplored pathophysiological pathways include transient declines in blood oxygenation and/or changes in cardiac rhytm following particulate exposure. In this study, blood oxygen saturation using pulse oximetry (S_po2) and pulse rate were measured daily on a panel of 90 elderly subjects during the winter of 1995-1996 in Utah Valley.
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摘要 :
During the 1980s Ireland experienced severe pollution episodes, principally because of domestic coal burning. In 1990, the Irish government introduced a ban on the marketing, sale, and distribution of coal in Dublin. They extended...
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During the 1980s Ireland experienced severe pollution episodes, principally because of domestic coal burning. In 1990, the Irish government introduced a ban on the marketing, sale, and distribution of coal in Dublin. They extended the ban to Cork in 1995 and to ten other communities in 1998 and 2000. We previously reported declines in particulate (black smoke [BS]) and sulfur dioxide (SO_2) concentrations in Dublin following the 1990 coal ban. We now explore and compare the effectiveness of these sequential bans in 1990, 1995, 1998, and 2000. Daily BS and total gaseous acidity (SO_2) measurements were compiled between 1980 and 2004. We calculated descriptive statistics for the pre-ban (5 yr before ban) and post-ban (5 yr after ban) periods for BS and SO_2 concentrations and for season-specific periods. Mean BS levels fell in all centers post-ban compared with the pre-ban period, with decreases ranging from 4 to 35 μg·m~(-3) (-45 to -70%). These reductions were smallest in the summer and largest in the winter. These BS reductions were sustained in all centers until the end of the study period. We observed no clear pattern in SO_2 changes associated with the coal bans. The 1990, 1995, 1998, and 2000 Irish coal sale bans resulted in immediate and sustained decreases in particulate levels in centers, with the largest declines in the winter. In contrast, we did not observe consistent declines in total acidity as a measure of SO_2. It
may be that coal was not the major source of SO_2. Simple legislation was very effective at improving ambient air quality in Irish cities with varying populations, geography/topography, and meteorological conditions.
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摘要 :
Previous controlled studies have indicated that asthma medication modifies the adverse effects of sulfur dioxide (SO_2) on lung function and asthma symptoms. The present report analyzed the role of medication use in a panel study ...
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Previous controlled studies have indicated that asthma medication modifies the adverse effects of sulfur dioxide (SO_2) on lung function and asthma symptoms. The present report analyzed the role of medication use in a panel study of children with mild asthma. Children from Sokolov (n = 82) recorded daily peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurements, symptoms, and medication use in a diary.
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