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Cell-wall pectic polysaccharides were fractionated by sequential extraction with water, 1% potassium oxalate at room temperature, 0.05 M HCl at 100 degrees C and 0.05 M NaOH at 4 degrees C from the three specific tissue zones, i.e...
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Cell-wall pectic polysaccharides were fractionated by sequential extraction with water, 1% potassium oxalate at room temperature, 0.05 M HCl at 100 degrees C and 0.05 M NaOH at 4 degrees C from the three specific tissue zones, i.e., outer pericarp (OP), middle pericarp (MP) and inner pericarp (IP) of the guava fruits during their development and ripening. The water and oxalate-soluble pectic fractions were found to increase, while acid and alkali-soluble pectic fractions had a decreasing trend at ripening phase of fruit, irrespective of the different tissue zones. However, the extent of pectic solubilization was more pronounced in IP region as compared to OP and MP zone of the fruit tissue. The differential degradation of pectic polymers thus points out that ripening as well as tissue softening of guava fruits are centrifugally expressed as evidenced by higher accumulation of sugar and soluble pectic polysaccharides in IP zone of the fruits.
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? 2023 SAABL-myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (MIPS) and its product, free myo-inositol have been isolated from different bryophytes. MIPS was purified for the first time from the moss, Sphagnum junghuhnianum to 58.67 fold over i...
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? 2023 SAABL-myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (MIPS) and its product, free myo-inositol have been isolated from different bryophytes. MIPS was purified for the first time from the moss, Sphagnum junghuhnianum to 58.67 fold over its homogenate fraction with about 32.86 % recovery. D-glucose-6-phosphate was the exclusive substrate of the enzyme without which there was no enzyme activity and the deduction of NH4Cl, ME and NAD+ substantially reduced the activity of the enzyme. The Km for D-glucose-6-phosphate and NAD+were 1.81 mM and 0.25 mM, while the Vmax for the same were 1.42 mM and 1.12 mM respectively. The molecular weight of the enzyme was assessed to be approximately 174 kDa. The activity of the enzyme increased with the increase in the duration of incubation time for up to 90 min and with the increase in protein concentration for up to 300 μg. The pH and temperature maxima were pH 7.0 and at 30 °C, respectively, but a significant activity was observed at 10 °C also. NH4Cl substantially stimulated the enzyme activity while K+ and Ca2+ also raised the activity slightly. Li+ greatly inhibited the activity. Inhibitory activity was also shown by Cd2+, Mn2+, Zn2+and Hg2+ of which Hg2+ showed the maximum inhibition. Interestingly, the Sphagnum junghuhnianum MIPS showed the characteristics of both Class-II and Class-III aldolase.
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Relative thermotolerance of the enzyme,L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (MIPS; EC: 5.5.1.4),from the chloroplastic and cytosolic sources of Diptopterygium glaucum was studied.The purification involved streptomycin sulphate prec...
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Relative thermotolerance of the enzyme,L-myo-inositol-1-phosphate synthase (MIPS; EC: 5.5.1.4),from the chloroplastic and cytosolic sources of Diptopterygium glaucum was studied.The purification involved streptomycin sulphate precipitation,ammonium sulphate fractionation,ion-exchange chromatography,and molecular sieve chromatography.After the final chromatography,16.62% of chloroplastic and 13.47% of cytosolic MIPS could be recovered.Between 15 deg C and 55 deg C,the two forms of MIPS exhibited differential thermal stability,which is related to the presence of the MIPS co-factor,NAD~+.Added NAD~+ increased the lower thermotolerance of the chloroplastic MIPS and the removal of 'built-in' NAD~+ decreased the higher thermal stability of the cytosolic MIPS.
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The present investigation aims to assess the phytoremediation potential of six aquatic macrophytes, viz. Eichhornia crassipes, Hydrilla verticillata, Jussiaea repens, Lemna minor, Pistia stratiotes and Trapa natans grown in paper ...
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The present investigation aims to assess the phytoremediation potential of six aquatic macrophytes, viz. Eichhornia crassipes, Hydrilla verticillata, Jussiaea repens, Lemna minor, Pistia stratiotes and Trapa natans grown in paper mill effluent of JK Paper mill of Rayagada, Orissa, for remediation of heavy metals. The experiment was designed in pot culture experiments. Assessment of physico-chemical parameters of paper mill effluent showed significant decrease in pH, conductivity, total dissolved solids, total suspended solids, chlorine, sulphur, biological and chemical oxygen demand after growth of macrophytes for 20 days. Phytoremediation ability of these aquatic macrophytic species for copper (Cu) and mercury (Hg) was indicated by assessing the decrease in the levels of heavy metals from effluent water. Maximum reduction (66.5 %) in Hg content of untreated paper mill effluent was observed using L. minor followed by T. natans (64.8 %). L. minor showed highest reduction (71.4 %) of Cu content from effluent water followed by E. crassipes (63.6 %). Phytoextraction potential of L. minor was remarkable for Hg and Cu, and bioaccumula-tion was evident from bioconcentration factor values, i.e. 0.59 and 0.70, respectively. The present phytoremediation approach was considered more effective than conventional chemical treatment method for removing toxic contaminants from paper mill effluent.
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Tuberous roots of sated musli (Chlorophvtum borivilianum Sant. et Fernand.) are the source of medicinally important steroidal saponins. Mainstream cultivation and its productivity improvement are vitally needed for availability of...
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Tuberous roots of sated musli (Chlorophvtum borivilianum Sant. et Fernand.) are the source of medicinally important steroidal saponins. Mainstream cultivation and its productivity improvement are vitally needed for availability of raw materials that are rapidly depleting from Indian forests, the prime source of production. In the backdrop of this, an attempt was made to improve productivity of safed musli by using ascorbic acid as a potential chemical having promising influence of tuber productivity. Foliar application with 100 and 200 μg ml~(-1) of ascorbic acid was found to improve plant potential of safed musli and this was measured in terms of some reliable physiological and biochemical parameters along with some selective yield attributes which finally resulted in enhanced productivity of tubers. Foliar application of ascorbic acid increased plant height, number of branches, leaves along with leaf area per plant with concomitant increase of general vigour of safed musli. Ascorbic acid-induced enhanced growth parameters were also reflected in the metabolic status of the plants as evidenced from higher chlorophyll and protein contents in leaves. The beneficial role of ascorbic acid was also encountered from the yield attributes of safed musli as evaluated from the increased number as well as fresh weight of tubers per plant, length and circumference of the tubers in comparison to control samples. Thus, from the critical analysis on the ascorbic acid-induced changes of overall potential status of the plants, measured in respect of some reliable physiological, biochemical and yield parameters, it can be concluded that the chemical may be used as a potent chemical manipulative tool for augmented productivity of this high-value endangered plant.
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In vitro evaluation of antioxidant activities of Auricularia auricula showed significant inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and potent hydroxyl radical scavenging activity when compared with standard drug catechin. IC_(50) value of...
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In vitro evaluation of antioxidant activities of Auricularia auricula showed significant inhibition of lipid peroxidation, and potent hydroxyl radical scavenging activity when compared with standard drug catechin. IC_(50) value of crude, boiled and ethanolic extracts of A. auricula represented 403, 510, and 373 mu g/ml respectively in case of hydroxyl radical scavenging activity and 310, 572 and 398 mu g/ml respectively in case of lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, crude, boiled and ethanolic extractsalso increase significantly nitric oxide production (664, 191 and 850 pmole/mg dry wt/hr respectively) over the control. The present results revealed that A. auricula had potential therapeutic use.
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The genus Diplarche Hook. f. & Thomson (Ericaceae) is recorded for the first time from Arunachal Himalaya, India. The genus comprises two species in the world, of which D. multiflora Hook, f. & Thomson is recorded based on the Kingdon-Ward collectionfrom Arunachal Pradesh. The species is described here along with photographs of the herbarium specimen to facilitate identification in the field....
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The genus Diplarche Hook. f. & Thomson (Ericaceae) is recorded for the first time from Arunachal Himalaya, India. The genus comprises two species in the world, of which D. multiflora Hook, f. & Thomson is recorded based on the Kingdon-Ward collectionfrom Arunachal Pradesh. The species is described here along with photographs of the herbarium specimen to facilitate identification in the field.
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摘要 :AbstractModern agriculture is facing significant challenges due to the high complexity of field conditions caused not only by currently ongoing global climatic change but also by stress combinations. Recent research is focusing on...
展开AbstractModern agriculture is facing significant challenges due to the high complexity of field conditions caused not only by currently ongoing global climatic change but also by stress combinations. Recent research is focusing on the molecular mechanisms controlling stress responses in plants. Many efforts have been made to uncover the complex but well-coordinated stress responsive mechanisms, mainly stress responsive protein-coding genes. The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) as gene regulators has shed light on post-transcriptional gene regulation in plants. miRNAs are regulators of plant growth and development and are also master players in plant stress responses, as evidenced from the expression profiles of most of miRNAs that altered during stress. These facts reveal that under stress conditions, plant growth and development may be under the control of stress-responsive miRNAs. In addition, nitric oxide (NO) has also been identified as a promising candidate in cellular signalling by modulating gene expression and protein activity, particularly by transcriptional and post-translationally modifying proteins. Many studies have been carried out to uncover the role of miRNAs as well as NO in plant stress responses individually, but their interactive mechanisms are little reported. In this review, we have compiled current updates on miRNA and NO signalling along with their cross-talk under stress conditions in plants.收起
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Abstract Cytokinins are a class of plant growth regulators that regulate several developmental processes in plants, and recently their role in counteracting the deleterious effects of abiotic stresses has been noted. The impacts o...
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Abstract Cytokinins are a class of plant growth regulators that regulate several developmental processes in plants, and recently their role in counteracting the deleterious effects of abiotic stresses has been noted. The impacts of kinetin (10?μM, KN; an artificial cytokinin) on growth, photosystem II photochemistry, and nitrogen metabolism in tomato seedlings exposed to two levels (UV-B~(1), ambient+?1.2?kJ?m_(?2)day_(?1), and UV-B~(2), ambient+?2.4?kJ?m_(?2)day_(?1)) of enhanced UV-B radiation were analyzed under open field condition. The growth, pigment contents, carbonic anhydrase activity, photosynthetic O~(2)yield, and values of chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters: F ~(v)/ F ~(0), F ~(v)/ F ~(m)or φ P~(0), ψ ~(0), φE ~(0), and PI~(ABS)declined, whereas the values of energy flux parameters (ABS/RC, TR~(0)/RC, ET~(0)/RC, and DI~(0)/RC) of PS II, efficiency of water splitting complex ( F ~(0)/ F ~(v)), and respiratory rate of O~(2)uptake increased under UV-B stress. Likewise, UV-B exposure at both doses significantly inhibited the activity of enzymes involved in nitrogen metabolism: nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, and glutamate synthase. In contrast, an enhancing effect on glutamate dehydrogenase activity was observed under UV-B stress. Exogenous KN resulted in a significant attenuation in UV-B-induced negative effects on growth, pigments, photosynthesis, and nitrogen metabolism. The study concludes that exogenous KN improved the growth performance of tomato seedlings by attenuating the damaging effects of UV-B radiation on photochemistry of PS II and nitrogen metabolism, and the alleviating effect against the low dose (UV-B~(1)) of UV-B was more pronounced.
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Background: Menstruation is a critical phenomenon in women’s life. However, variability in menstrual cycle characteristics and menstrual disorders are common. The purpose of this study was to determine the menstrual characteristi...
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Background: Menstruation is a critical phenomenon in women’s life. However, variability in menstrual cycle characteristics and menstrual disorders are common. The purpose of this study was to determine the menstrual characteristics of females, its association with disorders and complications and overall female health.Methods: The study was conducted to evaluate the menstruation disorders and common female complications and its severity in females and its effect on their regular activities. This is a cross-sectional study; conducted on 303 females in Darjeeling Himalayan region, structured questionnaires were used to gather the socio- demographic data, age at menarche, regularity in menses and dysfunctions. Data was analyzed using spss-16 and excel-2019.Results: In the study mean age of menarche was found to be 12.94+1.69 year and menopause ages 45.4±6.45 years. Menarche and menopause age shows positive relation. The majority 59.1% (179) experienced dysmenorrhea, 33% menorrhagia, 22.1%(67) hypo menorrhagia followed byoligomerorrhea is 21.1% (64 females) and Polymenorrhea is 13.2% (40).(Fig: 2).Both early and late menarche was seen to be related to menstrual dysfunction among women. Menstrual disturbances were more prevalent among women who experiencedmenarche at a younger age and those with dieting habits. Consumption of alcohol, tobacco and junk food had negative impact leading to various menstrual disorders.Conclusion: Menstrual problems among females are common and notions about female health are still in base. The study being the pilot project in this region seeks attention for help of females all around, for the education and educare of female child starting from education about periods to usage of right sanitary products, education about menstruation and its complications, importance of seeking help.
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