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For a viable and commercial attractive integration of vehicle integrated photovoltaic applications (ViPVs) energy forecasting is required as a foundation for business case calculation. The developed algorithm facilitates the forec...
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For a viable and commercial attractive integration of vehicle integrated photovoltaic applications (ViPVs) energy forecasting is required as a foundation for business case calculation. The developed algorithm facilitates the forecast of annual power distribution and solar energy yield along any given track tested on a German use case. A high temporal and spatial resolution of the meteorological database providing ambient temperature, wind speed, and global horizontal irradiance was determined as a necessity to preserve the irradiance distribution and consequently the power distribution available throughout the year. For ViPV module temperature, respectively, module efficiency benefits strongly from head wind. As a consequence, the performance of ViPV under motion was identified as superior to non-mobile PV installations. The potential annual energy yield of the three showcasing commercial semi-trailer lorries operating in Germany is identified to be 3-7 MWh depending on the used cell technology. The potential energy gain due to head wind cooling is estimated to be 20-75 kWh per trailer and year. Copyright (C) 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Job creation is arguably an important socioeconomic benefit of renewable energy deployment. In turn, this employment creation may be contingent upon the influence of some key factors, including technology learning, trade effects a...
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Job creation is arguably an important socioeconomic benefit of renewable energy deployment. In turn, this employment creation may be contingent upon the influence of some key factors, including technology learning, trade effects and policies and may affect different renewable energy technologies and activities of the renewable energy value chain in different ways. This paper estimates the gross employment stemming from the deployment of three renewable electricity technologies - photovoltaics (PV), wind on-shore and wind off-shore - up to 2050 for all Member States of the European Union. It uses a novel analytical methodology which is able to capture the influence of technology learning and internal and external trade. Additionally, it provides highly disaggregated results per activity in the supply chain (manufacturing, installation and O&M), year and country for different technology and policy scenarios. The results show that the employment created by those three technologies can be significant but considerable differences across technologies, activities and countries can be observed. In the analyzed period (2014-2050), most employment will be created in the PV sector, in the operation and maintenance activities and it will be highly geographically concentrated in a few countries. However, job creation will strongly depend on the scenarios and assumptions being made. In particular our findings suggest that the availability of carbon capture and storage will have a considerable influence on the number of jobs being created. In contrast, changes in other assumptions have limited effects on the results: a variable (vs. a constant) learning rate, more restrictive emissions targets by 2050 and higher PV costs.
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In 2011, Bahrain Petroleum Company inaugurated the country's first Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) as a demonstration project, which partially supplies the electricity required for the reception hall of the company's park. D...
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In 2011, Bahrain Petroleum Company inaugurated the country's first Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES) as a demonstration project, which partially supplies the electricity required for the reception hall of the company's park. Data collected from the system for a full year were analyzed to assess the performance of this grid-connected HRES, which comprises of two primary renewable energy sources - a photovoltaic panel and a wind turbine - with a total-rated capacity of 5.7 kW and three secondary/backup systems - batteries, hydrogen/fuel cell, and public grid. This article presents the results of the conducted analysis which included assessment of the energy supply and demand, the different components' efficiencies, the effect of dust on the PV panel performance, the contribution of the batteries, hydrogen storage system, and the fuel cell, the amount of CO2 avoided and emitted due to operation, the cost of energy produced, and finally upgrading the system for autonomous operation. Although the system was not economically feasible, it well served the community by creating public awareness of renewable energy and by providing an opportunity for researchers to gain hands-on experience of different renewable energy technologies and to study the challenges associated to implementing such technologies in the region.
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Investigation of pathways toward decarbonisation of energy supply systems strongly relies on integration of electricity generation from wind and photovoltaics (PV). Energy system model authors are typically not experts in creation...
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Investigation of pathways toward decarbonisation of energy supply systems strongly relies on integration of electricity generation from wind and photovoltaics (PV). Energy system model authors are typically not experts in creation of representative weather datasets, which are fundamental for an unbiased representation of volatile power generation within the models. The aim of this work is therefore to benchmark data quality and verify against feed-in records for datasets published from two projects: EMHIRES and Renewables.ninja; feed-in records taken from Transmission System Operators (TSO). Both projects used meteorological reanalysis data from NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) and Meteosat-based datasets from CM-SAF (Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring) to generate long-term hourly PV and wind power capacity factor time series. Although datasets were based on the same raw data sources, they present significant differences due to modelling of energy conversion technologies, correction and validation methods. Comparison of duration curves, full load hours, plots of hourly PV capacity factors as well as correlation analysis between datasets reveal that for PV generation EMHIRES is more similar to TSO's data, while the Ninja dataset revealed more similarity when comparing wind datasets. Results showed that even based on the same data sources, time series were strongly dependent on methods applied subsequently. Application of the datasets within energy system models therefore could present a form of hidden exogenous bias to results. System modelers, who need weather based open license data to perform energy simulations, may be aware of differences in open license datasets available.
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The concept of Net Zero Energy Buildings is gaining momentum. However, the underlying idea of offsetting the energy drawn from the grids with local production is yet to be proven as economically efficient, namely when compared wit...
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The concept of Net Zero Energy Buildings is gaining momentum. However, the underlying idea of offsetting the energy drawn from the grids with local production is yet to be proven as economically efficient, namely when compared with alternatives such as district/ neighbourhood-level facilities or adding more large-scale facilities to the national grid(s). This paper presents a study on strategies for making an existing neighbourhood becoming net zero energy, focusing on the level of retrofit to apply to the buildings, on the proximity of the offset and on the selected offset equipment. The following discretization was considered: three levels of energy efficiency (low, medium and high), four offset generation alternatives (building integrated photovoltaic (PV), off-site large-scale PV, off-site large-scale wind turbines and not offsetting) and two energy tariff types (subsidized and non-subsidized). The results have shown that, under the reference economic conditions considered, it is best to upgrade the energy efficiency up to the medium level, and then offset the demand with off-site large-scale wind turbine equipment. These suggest that reaching net zero balance through on-site generation is less efficient than doing it through large-scale facilities.
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The present paper has disseminated the design approach, project implementation, and economics of a nano-grid system. The deployment of the system is envisioned to acculturate the renewable technology into Indian society by field-o...
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The present paper has disseminated the design approach, project implementation, and economics of a nano-grid system. The deployment of the system is envisioned to acculturate the renewable technology into Indian society by field-on-laboratory demonstration (FOLD) and bridge the gaps between research, development, and implementation. The system consists of a solar photovoltaic (PV) (2.4 kWp), a wind turbine (3.2 kWp), and a battery bank (400 Ah). Initially, a prefeasibility study is conducted using the well-established HOMER (hybrid optimization model for electric renewable) software developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), USA. The feasibility study indicates that the optimal capacity for the nano-grid system consists of a 2.16 kWp solar PV, a 3 kWp wind turbine, a 1.44 kW inverter, and a 24 kWh battery bank. The total net present cost (TNPC) and cost of energy (COE) of the system are US$20789.85 and US$0.673/kWh, respectively. However, the hybrid system consisting of a 2.4 kWp of solar PV, a 3.2 kWp of wind turbine, a 3 kVA of inverter, and a 400 Ah of battery bank has been installed due to unavailability of system components of desired values and to enhance the reliability of the system. The TNPC and COE of the system installed are found to be US$20073.63 and US$0.635/kWh, respectively and both costs are largely influenced by battery cost. Besides, this paper has illustrated the installation details of each component as well as of the system. Moreover, it has discussed the detailed cost breakup of the system. Furthermore, the performance of the system has been investigated and validated with the simulation results. It is observed that the power generated from the PV system is quite significant and is almost uniform over the year. Contrary to this, a trivial wind velocity prevails over the year apart from the month of April, May, and June, so does the power yield. This research demonstration provides a pathway for future planning of scaled-up hybrid energy systems or microgrid in this region of India or regions of similar topography.
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Renewable energy-based hydro-thermal scheduling is a new assignment in solar-wind-hydro power structures including thermal plants with non-convex fuel costs, a time delay of the multi-reservoir cascaded hydro unit, generating unit...
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Renewable energy-based hydro-thermal scheduling is a new assignment in solar-wind-hydro power structures including thermal plants with non-convex fuel costs, a time delay of the multi-reservoir cascaded hydro unit, generating units for wind power, and photo-voltaic plant of the solar system. Renewable energy resources are used in immense quantity as they are naturally accessible and charge-free. In this regard, this article presents a single-objective economic replica of short-term hydro-thermal scheduling (HTS) problems having renewable solar and wind units. To speed up the convergence swiftness, of OBL is incorporated with the fundamental grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) method which is actively associated with the social communication of the grasshopper in the environment. Furthermore, HTS and hydro thermal scheduling incorporating solar and wind energy are considered for the benchmark test systems. Results presented by a few recent techniques (like fuzzy based evolutionary programming, teaching learning-based optimization, etc.) have been compared with those obtained by the oppositional GOA (OGOA) to set up its effectiveness. Simulation results of OGOA technique clearly show that the renewable solar and wind units can significantly reduce the fuel cost of the power systems.
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