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Tax evasion is a widespread phenomenon and encouraging tax compliance is an important and debated policy issue. Many studies have shown that tax cheating has to be attributed to a considerable extent to the tax morale of taxpayers...
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Tax evasion is a widespread phenomenon and encouraging tax compliance is an important and debated policy issue. Many studies have shown that tax cheating has to be attributed to a considerable extent to the tax morale of taxpayers. The aim of the present paper is to shed light on the relationship between the taxpayer and the public sector; specifically, we investigate whether public spending inefficiency shapes individual tax morale. Combining data from Italian municipalities' balance sheets with individual data from a properly designed survey on tax morale, we find that the attitude towards paying taxes is better when resources are spent more efficiently. This evidence seems not to be driven by some confounding factor at the municipality level or by spatial sorting of citizens and proves robust to accounting for alternative measures of both inefficiency and tax morale. We also find that the negative effect of inefficiency is larger if the level of public spending is lower and/or the degree of fiscal autonomy is higher.
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Many authors demonstrate that the tax gap resulting from tax competition increases with the size asymmetry of the competing countries. Consequently, increasing country-size disparities exacerbates the inefficiency of tax competiti...
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Many authors demonstrate that the tax gap resulting from tax competition increases with the size asymmetry of the competing countries. Consequently, increasing country-size disparities exacerbates the inefficiency of tax competition. The aim of this note is to show that this classical view has no general validity, if we consider that countries compete not only in taxes, but also in the provision of infrastructure. The simple model we develop for this purpose demonstrates that the effect of size disparity on efficiency depends crucially on the degree of international capital mobility.
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This article estimates, for the Spanish personal income tax, the elasticity of reported gross income to marginal tax rates. The identification of this elasticity has been performed using the reform approved by Law 35/2006, which c...
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This article estimates, for the Spanish personal income tax, the elasticity of reported gross income to marginal tax rates. The identification of this elasticity has been performed using the reform approved by Law 35/2006, which came into force in January 2007. The elasticities obtained suggest the existence of important efficiency costs, with significant regional differences. The average elasticity estimated for Spain as a whole is 0.676. However, this elasticity is highly dispersed throughout the Spanish administrative regions, which indicates the unequal power of distortion of the tax. Thus, households whose principal source of income is salary display an elasticity of 0.337, compared to 0.682 for households whose main income source comes from business or savings. Lastly, a positive correlation is also detected between elasticity and income level: an elasticity of 3.6 is reached for taxpayers with an annual gross income exceeding 100 000€.
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This paper investigates the relation between labor investment inefficiency and corporate tax avoidance. Employing a large sample of 61,542 U.S. firm-year observations over the 1962-2014 period, our regression results show that lab...
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This paper investigates the relation between labor investment inefficiency and corporate tax avoidance. Employing a large sample of 61,542 U.S. firm-year observations over the 1962-2014 period, our regression results show that labor investment inefficiency is significantly positively related to tax avoidance. More specifically, we find that a one standard deviation of labor investment inefficiency leads to a 0.71% reduction in the accounting effective tax rate. Our findings are robust to endogeneity concerns, alternative proxy measures of tax avoidance and labor investment efficiency, and additional control variables pertaining to accounting quality and managerial ability. Taken together, our regression results show that labor investment inefficiency is an important determinant of corporate tax avoidance.
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According to Homburg's (2014) comment on Kim and Lee (1997), a property tax cannot cause dynamic inefficiency in overlapping-generations models with land unless the tax "confiscates" the entire land rent. But then, Homburg claims,...
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According to Homburg's (2014) comment on Kim and Lee (1997), a property tax cannot cause dynamic inefficiency in overlapping-generations models with land unless the tax "confiscates" the entire land rent. But then, Homburg claims, land would be intrinsically worthless and the market for land would be closed. The latter claim is invalid because, as a store of value, land can trade at a positive price even though its net return is negative. (C) 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.
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The paper constructs a model of endogenous growth where infrastructure acts as an accumulable stock generating a nonrival input service. Steady state growth paths are studied for Market and Command Economies. In the former, a fina...
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The paper constructs a model of endogenous growth where infrastructure acts as an accumulable stock generating a nonrival input service. Steady state growth paths are studied for Market and Command Economies. In the former, a final good is produced privately and, as in many developing economies, infrastructure accumulated on noncompetitive basis by the State. The Command Economy allocates resources by solving a grand optimization exercise. The transitionally stable steady growth rate for the Market Economy dominates the Command Economy growth rate due to the joint presence of noncompetitive behaviour by the State and noninternalizable externalities.
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We determine the exact upper bound of the inefficiency of atomic splittable selfish traffic equilibria with elastic travel demand with and without road pricing. In the previous results, only pseudo-approximation bound were obtaine...
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We determine the exact upper bound of the inefficiency of atomic splittable selfish traffic equilibria with elastic travel demand with and without road pricing. In the previous results, only pseudo-approximation bound were obtained for this case. By comparison, we also conclude that the traffic equilibrium with elastic demand may be worse than the corresponding fixed demand case, which implying that the demands' elastic can have a negative effect on the quality of equilibrium solutions. Finally, we propose a road pricing mechanism. We prove that there are optimal tolls in general network, atomic players and elastic travel demand setting.
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This paper demonstrates the usefulness of the elasticity of reported income to assess tax reforms from the perspectives of tax revenue and well-being. Employing different identification strategies, evidence is provided of the valu...
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This paper demonstrates the usefulness of the elasticity of reported income to assess tax reforms from the perspectives of tax revenue and well-being. Employing different identification strategies, evidence is provided of the value of the elasticity of gross reported income in Spain and, based on this elasticity, a detailed assessment is made of the impact of the increase in marginal tax rates which the Spanish government approved in 2012. We use microdata from the Taxpayers Panel of the Institute for Fiscal Studies. The mean value of this elasticity for Spain is 0,363 with considerable heterogeneity depending on taxpayers' characteristics.
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It is widely agreed that in countries without major constraints on administrative capacity, a value-added tax (VAT) should tax all goods and services at a uniform rate. In these countries, VAT's C-efficiency, that is, actual reven...
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It is widely agreed that in countries without major constraints on administrative capacity, a value-added tax (VAT) should tax all goods and services at a uniform rate. In these countries, VAT's C-efficiency, that is, actual revenue over potential revenue, should be one if compliance is perfect. Under this approach, VAT's C-inefficiency-the aggregate of the policy gap (exemptions, reduced rates, thresholds) and the compliance gap (revenue shortfalls due to laps in compliance and implementation)-is treated as a residual. This contribution shows that calculating VAT's C-inefficiency independently of its C-efficiency produces a more telling benchmark, particularly of the policy gap. This is illustrated by an analysis of the revenues of the Dutch VAT, which, given the common VAT directive, should be representative of the VATs in other European Union Member States. The large policy gap, hovering around 0.50, forms the background for exploring three options to improve VAT's performance: reforming the common directive, ceding VAT design to Member States, and introducing a common modern VAT which can be piggybacked by Member States.
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Canada has joined the few countries that have adopted carbon tax in an effort to mitigate CO2 emissions. Since consumption of fossil fuels is the primary source of CO2 emissions, the key mechanism for business to reduce their carb...
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Canada has joined the few countries that have adopted carbon tax in an effort to mitigate CO2 emissions. Since consumption of fossil fuels is the primary source of CO2 emissions, the key mechanism for business to reduce their carbon tax liabilities without reducing their productive activities is through energy savings. While businesses could achieve this goal in the long-run by investing in new energy-efficient technologies, the short-run response is normally to engage in energy conservation and minimization of inefficiencies. The potential for such improvements is, however, unknown. We employ a stochastic energy intensity frontier model to separate energy demand driven by energy prices, other input prices, and indicators of the level of technology from energy demand due to inefficiency. We used the Canadian KLEMS data set covering all business sector industries for the period 1961-2014. We find an average transient energy inefficiency of approximately 8.5%. Inefficiency is particularly high in energy-intensive sectors such as oil and gas extraction. The trend shows that inefficiency has declined substantially over time, particularly after the early 1970s oil price shock. Comparing the trend in energy intensity to the trend in energy inefficiency reveals that reductions of energy inefficiency have contributed to the decline in energy intensity. Our results suggest the potential to further reduce energy inefficiency and, thereby reducing energy consumption and CO2 emissions without reducing output. Existence of such potential is important in determining the economic and environmental impact of a carbon tax.
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