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This review provides a comprehensive overview of clinical and molecular genetic as well as pharmacogenetic studies regarding the clinical phenotype of "psychotic depression." Results are discussed with regard to the long-standing ...
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This review provides a comprehensive overview of clinical and molecular genetic as well as pharmacogenetic studies regarding the clinical phenotype of "psychotic depression." Results are discussed with regard to the long-standing debate on categorical vs dimensional disease models of affective and psychotic disorders on a continuum from unipolar depression over bipolar disorder and schizoaffective disorder to schizophrenia. Clinical genetic studies suggest a familial aggregation and a considerable heritability (39%) of psychotic depression partly shared with schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, and affective disorders. Molecular genetic studies point to potential risk loci of psychotic depression shared with schizoaffective disorder (1q42, 22q11, 19p13), depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia (6p, 8p22, 10p13-12, 10p14, 13q13-14, 13q32, 18p, 22q11-13) and several vulnerability genes possibly contributing to an increased risk of psychotic symptoms in depression (eg, BDNF, DBH, DTNBP1, DRD2, DRD4, GSK-3beta, MAO-A). Pharmacogenetic studies implicate 5-HTT, TPH1, and DTNBP1 gene variation in the mediation of antidepressant treatment response in psychotic depression. Genetic factors are suggested to contribute to the disease risk of psychotic depression in partial overlap with disorders along the affective-psychotic spectrum. Thus, genetic research focusing on psychotic depression might inspire a more dimensional, neurobiologically and symptom-oriented taxonomy of affective and psychotic disorders challenging the dichotomous Kraepelinian view. Additionally, pharmacogenetic studies might aid in the development of a more personalized treatment of psychotic depression with an individually tailored antidepressive/antipsychotic pharmacotherapy according to genotype.
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This review identifies and examines terms used to describe a radiological research "study" or "trial". A taxonomy of clinical research descriptions is explained with reference to medical imaging examples. Because many descriptive ...
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This review identifies and examines terms used to describe a radiological research "study" or "trial". A taxonomy of clinical research descriptions is explained with reference to medical imaging examples. Because many descriptive terms have precise methodological implications, it is important that these terms are understood by readers and used correctly by researchers, so that the reader is not misled.
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A novel nanostructure of CdSe in presence of CTAB, synthesized via solvothermal process, has been reported. The structural, morphological, optical and dielectric properties of the synthesized CdSe nanostructure have been studied. ...
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A novel nanostructure of CdSe in presence of CTAB, synthesized via solvothermal process, has been reported. The structural, morphological, optical and dielectric properties of the synthesized CdSe nanostructure have been studied. The synthesized CdSe nanostructure has pure wurtzite structure with average particle diameter of 16 nm and length 160 nm as confirmed by SEM. The band gap of the observed nanostructure is found to be 2.2 eV. The photoluminescence, FTIR and dielectric properties of the prepared nanostructutre have been discussed.
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The aim of this study was to test the applicability of a Bruker AXS CMOS-type PHOTON 100 detector for the purpose of a fine charge density quality data collection. A complex crystal containing oxalic acid, ammonium oxalate and two...
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The aim of this study was to test the applicability of a Bruker AXS CMOS-type PHOTON 100 detector for the purpose of a fine charge density quality data collection. A complex crystal containing oxalic acid, ammonium oxalate and two water molecules was chosen as a test case. The data was collected up to a resolution of 1.31 ? ~(-1) with high completeness (89.1%; R_(mrg) = 0.0274). The multipolar refinement and subsequent quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis resulted in a comprehensive description of the charge density distribution in the crystal studied. The residual density maps are flat and almost featureless. It was possible to derive reliable information on intermolecular interactions to model the anharmonic motion of a water molecule, and also to observe the fine details of the charge density distribution, such as polarization on O and H atoms involved in the strongest hydrogen bonds. When compared with our previous statistical study on oxalic acid data collected with the aid of CCD cameras, the complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) detector can certainly be classified as a promising alternative in advanced X-ray diffraction studies.
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This essay explores the creation of black gay characters within black-cast sitcoms Moesha, All of Us, and Are We There Yet? Using in-depth interviews with the credited writers for three episodes of black-cast sitcoms that feature ...
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This essay explores the creation of black gay characters within black-cast sitcoms Moesha, All of Us, and Are We There Yet? Using in-depth interviews with the credited writers for three episodes of black-cast sitcoms that feature black gay characters, I examine the ways the writers negotiate the creation of black gay characters within the writers' room. In addition, this essay examines how the closet functions as an organizing logic for the ways black gay characters are imagined within the writers' room, and the industrial logics that prevent black gay characters from reappearing in subsequent episodes. In addition, I argue that the individual writers' autobiographies are important to consider when creating black gay characters for black-cast sitcoms, as they bring their positionality as black (and in one instance a black gay) writers to the episodes they wrote.
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Purpose – This paper examines student perceptions of new individual study desks (ISDs) and how they improved the students’ learning experience. Design/methodology/approach – The study describes the process for developing new IS...
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Purpose – This paper examines student perceptions of new individual study desks (ISDs) and how they improved the students’ learning experience. Design/methodology/approach – The study describes the process for developing new ISDs. When about half of the old ISDs were replaced with new ISDs, two parallel surveys were used to understand why students used the ISDs, what their experiences were and any suggested improvements. Findings – Results indicate that the new ISDs were used by students for significantly longer periods of time. They enjoyed the ambiance and amenities of the new desks, including a whiteboard used by over 90% of students. Many students using new ISDs expressed a desire for more new ISDs, so it would not be as hard to find an available one; students using old ISDs called for improvements that would make the old ISDs more like the new ISDs. Practical implications – This study has two practical implications. It emphasizes the importance of both engaging student patrons throughout the design process and conducting follow-up assessments to determine if changes make things better. Originality/value – The value of this study is in understanding the optimal steps for developing new study spaces for students. These steps include integrating student input during development and design, prototyping a change and following up to determine the degree to which a change worked on the changes made.
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Being an endemic and endangered fish species in Anatolia, P. anatolicus restricted to Lakes Akgol, Beysehir, Cavuscu, Akkaya Dam and Eregli marshes as well as some other small marshes in Central Anatolia region, Turkey. Current po...
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Being an endemic and endangered fish species in Anatolia, P. anatolicus restricted to Lakes Akgol, Beysehir, Cavuscu, Akkaya Dam and Eregli marshes as well as some other small marshes in Central Anatolia region, Turkey. Current population of P. anatolicus tends to decrease in the habitats. A detailed study of current population status, biology, ecology and life history of P. anatolicus is required. It should also be included into national threatened fish category.
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The article deals with the formation of Uzbek folklore studies of the twentieth century as a science, about the leading principles of its development, about source study (about folklore textology), as a branch of folklore science.
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Background Only a small proportion of preclinical research (research performed in animal models prior to clinical trials in humans) translates into clinical benefit in humans. Possible reasons for the lack of translation of the re...
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Background Only a small proportion of preclinical research (research performed in animal models prior to clinical trials in humans) translates into clinical benefit in humans. Possible reasons for the lack of translation of the results observed in preclinical research into human clinical benefit include the design, conduct, and reporting of preclinical studies. There is currently no formal domain-based assessment of the clinical relevance of preclinical research. To address this issue, we have developed a tool for the assessment of the clinical relevance of preclinical studies, with the intention of assessing the likelihood that therapeutic preclinical findings can be translated into improvement in the management of human diseases. Methods We searched the EQUATOR network for guidelines that describe the design, conduct, and reporting of preclinical research. We searched the references of these guidelines to identify further relevant publications and developed a set of domains and signalling questions. We then conducted a modified Delphi-consensus to refine and develop the tool. The Delphi panel members included specialists in evidence-based (preclinical) medicine specialists, methodologists, preclinical animal researchers, a veterinarian, and clinical researchers. A total of 20 Delphi-panel members completed the first round and 17 members from five countries completed all three rounds. Results This tool has eight domains (construct validity, external validity, risk of bias, experimental design and data analysis plan, reproducibility and replicability of methods and results in the same model, research integrity, and research transparency) and a total of 28 signalling questions and provides a framework for researchers, journal editors, grant funders, and regulatory authorities to assess the potential clinical relevance of preclinical animal research. Conclusion We have developed a tool to assess the clinical relevance of preclinical studies. This tool is currently being piloted.
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Strontium doped LiCoO_2 cathode material for rechargeable lithium ion batteries were synthesized by starch assisted combustion route method. The structural characterization was carried out by X-ray powder diffraction and laser Ram...
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Strontium doped LiCoO_2 cathode material for rechargeable lithium ion batteries were synthesized by starch assisted combustion route method. The structural characterization was carried out by X-ray powder diffraction and laser Raman spectroscopy. The sample exhibited a well-defined rhombohedral structure and the lattice parameters varied with the increasing strontium (Sr) content. Surface morphology of the synthesized materials was determined by Scanning electron microscope. The cathode materials consisted of highly ordered single crystalline particles with spherical shape. An increase of about two orders of magnitude in the electrical conductivity (5.9 × 10~(-3) S cm~(-1)) was observed for 10 mol%. Decrease of the electrode impedance was observed with increase in Sr content in system. Electrochemical properties were characterized by the assembled test cells using galvanostatic discharge studies that were carried out at a current rate of 0.1 C. Galvanostatic discharge profiles of coin cells fabricated with the synthesized powders show a significant enhancement in the discharge capacity during 5 mol% Sr doping LiCoO)2.
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