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Pneumothorax is defined as the presence of air in the pleural cavity. It is classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and iatrogenic. Spontaneous pneumothorax is divided into Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax (PSP) or Secondary Spontan...
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Pneumothorax is defined as the presence of air in the pleural cavity. It is classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and iatrogenic. Spontaneous pneumothorax is divided into Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax (PSP) or Secondary Spontaneous Pneumothorax (SSP) depending on the existence of an underlying respiratory disease. This study investigated the factors that influence the onset and recurrence of PSP and SSP such as physical and demographical characteristics, exposure habits, and clinical signs. Methods: It was carried out a cross-sectional study with 43 patients diagnosed with spontaneous pneumothorax, in this study were observed and analyzed the clinical data from medical evaluation, thorax radiography, and computed tomography. Results: From 43 patients, 25 (58%) and 18 (42%) were diagnosed with PSP and SSP, respectively. Spontaneous pneumothorax was most common in men (67.4%), and exposure to tabaco and inorganic dust were main factors associated with this. The age was higher in patients with SSP than in PSP. Interestingly, the pneumothorax occurred mainly in the right lung (69.8%) and during spring (41.9%). Hospitalization and resolution time was similar for patients with PSP and SSP, as well as the recurrence rate. The decision of surgical intervention was higher for patients that had recurred. In case of PSP, recurrence was associated with non-surgical treatment. Conclusions: We did not find differences in the appearance and recurrence of patients with PSP and SSP in terms of physical and demographical characteristics, or exposure habits. We suggest that surgery must be indicated to avoid recurrence, especially for PSP.
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Aristotle’s theory of spontaneous generation offers many puzzles to those who wish to understand his theory both within the context of his biology and within the context of his more general philosophy of nature. In this paper, I ...
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Aristotle’s theory of spontaneous generation offers many puzzles to those who wish to understand his theory both within the context of his biology and within the context of his more general philosophy of nature. In this paper, I approach the difficult and vague elements of Aristotle’s account of spontaneous generation not as weaknesses, but as opportunities for an interesting glimpse into the thought of an early scientist struggling to reconcile evidence and theory. The paper has two goals: (1) to give as charitable and full an account as possible of what Aristotle’s theory of spontaneous generation was, and to examine some of its consequences; and (2) to reflect on Aristotle as a scientist, and what his comments reveal about how he approached a difficult problem. In particular, I propose that the well-recognized problem of the incompatibility between Aristotle’s concept of spontaneity and his theory of spontaneous generation presents an opportunity for insight into his scientific methodology when approaching ill-understood phenomena.
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Background and Objectives Determination of the lesion side based on the direction of the nystagmus could result in confusions to the clinicians due to mismatch between the vestibular function tests and also between vestibular and ...
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Background and Objectives Determination of the lesion side based on the direction of the nystagmus could result in confusions to the clinicians due to mismatch between the vestibular function tests and also between vestibular and audiologic features. To minimize these mistakes, we elucidated the clinical manifestation and vestibular function test results in cases with recovery spontaneous nystagmus (rSN). Subjects and Methods Patients who visited ENT clinic of tertiary referral hospital for acute onset continuous vertigo from January 2008 to December 2011 were enrolled. In these patients, we assessed onset time of vertigo, time point of paralytic spontaneous nystagmus (SN) and time point of rSN. At each time point of SN, vestibular function tests and hearing function tests were performed. Results We confirmed the rSN among patients with unilateral vestibulopathy and demonstrated that high gain of the rotatory chair test (slow harmonic acceleration) and/or mismatch of the SN direction and contralateral caloric weakness could indicate the recovery state of patients and nystagmus observed in this stage is recovery phase nystagmus. Conclusions In acute vestibulopathy patients, recovery phase nystagmus was observed and on this stage of disease vestibular function tests shows several features that could predict recovery state.
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We read with great interest the article by Huang et al that was recently published in CHEST (October 2007),1 in which the factors associated with contralateral recurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) were investigated...
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We read with great interest the article by Huang et al that was recently published in CHEST (October 2007),1 in which the factors associated with contralateral recurrence of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) were investigated. Being underweight (body mass index [BMI] < 18.5 kg/m2) was an independent risk factor for controlateral recurrence of PSP (odds ratio, 5.327). Moreover, patients with controlateral recurrence of PSP had significantly lower BMI values (p < 0.001). In another recent article2 by the same authors, it was found that patients with simultaneous bilateral PSP had significantly lower weight (p = 0.018) and BMI (p < 0.001) compared to patients without simultaneous bilateral PSP. In particular, their mean weight was 52 ± 8.4 kg and their mean BMI was 17.6 ± 2 kg/m2. BMI was found to be the most important independent predictor of simultaneous bilateral PSP (p = 0.008).
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We study the transient dynamics of an A + B → 0 process on a pair of randomly coupled networks, where reactants are initially separated.We find that, for sufficiently small fractions q of cross couplings, the concentration of A (...
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We study the transient dynamics of an A + B → 0 process on a pair of randomly coupled networks, where reactants are initially separated.We find that, for sufficiently small fractions q of cross couplings, the concentration of A (or B) particles decays linearly in a first stage and crosses over to a second linear decrease at a mixing time tx . By numerical and analytical arguments, we show that for symmetric and homogeneous structures tx ∝ (~(〈k〉)/q) log(~(〈k〉)/q) where 〈k〉 is the mean degree of both networks. Being this behavior is in marked contrast with a purely diffusive process, where the mixing time would go simply like 〈k〉/q, we identify the logarithmic slowing down in t_x to be the result of a spontaneous mechanism of repulsion between the reactants A and B due to the interactions taking place at the networks' interface. We show numerically how this spontaneous repulsion effect depends on the topology of the underlying networks.
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This study describes an experiment on investigating the properties of spontaneous fission of shortlived neutron-deficient nuclei synthesized in the reaction of complete fusion ~(48)Ca + ~(204)Pb = ~(252)No*. The experiment is perf...
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This study describes an experiment on investigating the properties of spontaneous fission of shortlived neutron-deficient nuclei synthesized in the reaction of complete fusion ~(48)Ca + ~(204)Pb = ~(252)No*. The experiment is performed using the SHELS separator and the beam of multicharged ions at U-400 accelerator (LNR, JINR). Two activities undergoing spontaneous fission, which can be related to the ground and isomeric states of ~(250)No nucleus, are registered. The half-lives, total kinetic energies of fission fragments, and neutron multiplicities are measured for the short-lived nuclei. The average number of neutrons per fission for the activity with t_(1/2) = 5.1 ± 0.3 μs is = 4.38 ± 0.13 μs, and for nuclei with the half-life t_(1/2) = 36 ± 3 μs it is v= 3.90 ± 0.20.
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Turner syndrome is a pan-ethnic congential disorder caused by the partial or complete absence of one of the X chromosomes in females. Development of secondary sexual characteristics or menarche or spontaneous conception in Turner ...
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Turner syndrome is a pan-ethnic congential disorder caused by the partial or complete absence of one of the X chromosomes in females. Development of secondary sexual characteristics or menarche or spontaneous conception in Turner syndrome requires hormonal replacement therapy. Only a very few cases have been documented with spontaneous menarche with Turner syndrome. In this report, we are presenting a case of Turner syndrome, along with thyroid dysfunction who had spontaneous menarche.
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Introduction The optimal management of pneumothorax remains undefined. There is a growing consensus that patients with spontaneous pneumothorax can be considered for ambulatory management with the use of a one-way valve. Despite t...
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Introduction The optimal management of pneumothorax remains undefined. There is a growing consensus that patients with spontaneous pneumothorax can be considered for ambulatory management with the use of a one-way valve. Despite this, there is little data on the outcomes of outpatient management of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (SSP).Methods At our institution, selected patients with primary and secondary spontaneous pneumothorax who meet the predefined local criteria are managed on an ambulatory pathway. We prospectively evaluated our practice over a 3-year period and explore outcomes of patients with SSP using primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) as a comparator group.Results 163 consecutive patients presenting to our hospital between September 2014 and July 2017 were evaluated using a predefined protocol. 111 (49 SSP and 62 PSP) were deemed suitable for outpatient management. Resolution on day 5 was similar between the two groups (65% in the SSP vs 79% in the PSP group; p=0.108). The mean drainage time was 5.84 days in SSP compared with 5.69 days in PSP, representing a difference of 0.15 days (95%?CI ?2.47 to 2.16; p=0.897). Complications such as infection and drain blockage/falling-out were scarce, with comparable pain and satisfaction scores across both groups. There were no deaths during this period. An estimated ￡86?796 ($113 920) was saved over the study period, equating to ￡1118.80 ($1550) per patient.Discussion This study suggests that outpatient management of selected patients with SSP may be effective, safe and cost-saving.
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Pneumomediastinum is a relatively uncommon occurrence in pediatric patients. After mediastinal air leak, air may dissect through a variety of tissue planes within the chest, neck, and abdomen. We report the case of a 16-year-old a...
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Pneumomediastinum is a relatively uncommon occurrence in pediatric patients. After mediastinal air leak, air may dissect through a variety of tissue planes within the chest, neck, and abdomen. We report the case of a 16-year-old adolescent boy who presented with spontaneous pneumomediastinum accompanied by the presence of air within the spinal canal. We suggest use of the term "spontaneous pneumorrhachis" to distinguish this type of presentation from other potential causes.
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