摘要 :
The concentration levels and stability of protoanemonin, a characteristic constituent of Ranunculaceae species with antimicrobial and fungicidal properties, were studied for the first time in plant extracts prepared from Helleboru...
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The concentration levels and stability of protoanemonin, a characteristic constituent of Ranunculaceae species with antimicrobial and fungicidal properties, were studied for the first time in plant extracts prepared from Helleborus niger L. and Pulsatilla vulgaris Mill. using fermentative production processes. Protoanemonin levels quantified by HPLC-DAD analysis were 0.0345 and 0.0662 mg/g in two freshly prepared Helleborus (whole, flowering plant) extracts and 0.3875 mg/g and 0.4193 mg/g in Pulsatilla (flowers) extracts. Protoanemonin proved to be rather instable in aqueous-fermented extracts stored at 15 degrees C in the dark, and its concentration decreased rapidly over 12 months of storage independently of the plant species. The decrease was most pronounced when initial concentrations were high (decrease by about 70%). In contrast, low protoanemonin levels remained stable in solution for more than 12 months. Anemonin, the dimer of protoanemonin, was detected in increasing concentrations only in Pulsatilla samples, but its concentration only accounted for less than 50% of the theoretically expected amount. With respect to fermented extracts, both physical processes such as self-polymerization and adsorption/binding to other extract constituents as well as biodegradation were concluded to be responsible for protoanemonin decline. As opposed to plant extracts, both protoanemonin and anemonin levels decreased in 0.22 mu m-filtered samples stored in vials. This may be explained by a reduced release from plant material in combination with physicochemically induced degradation. Reduction was most pronounced upon light exposure and elevated temperatures, clearly indicating that photochemical degradation is involved. Contents of protoanemonin in a set of extract batches were 0.0896 +/- 0.0125 mg/g and 0.0618 +/- 0.0180 mg/g in Helleborus and Pulsatilla extracts, and anemonin levels were 0.0230 +/- 0.0076 mg/g and 0.0482 +/- 0.0282 mg/g, respectively. Due to its antibiotic effects, but also its reactivity, protoanemonin is a therapeutically and toxicologically relevant constituent, and its concentration should therefore be carefully monitored. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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摘要 :
The present study aimed to identify biologically active secondary metabolites from the rare plant species, Pulsatilla patens subsp. patens and the cultivated P. vulgaris subsp. vulgaris. Chromatographic fractionation of the ethano...
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The present study aimed to identify biologically active secondary metabolites from the rare plant species, Pulsatilla patens subsp. patens and the cultivated P. vulgaris subsp. vulgaris. Chromatographic fractionation of the ethanolic extract of the roots of P. patens subsp. patens resulted in the isolation of two oleanane-type glycosides identified as hederagenin 3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2.7 mg) and hederagenin 3-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-glucopyranoside (3.3 mg, patensin). HPLC analysis of the methanolic extract of the crude root of P. patens subsp. patens and P. vulgaris subsp. vulgaris revealed the presence of Pulsatilla saponin D (hederagenin 3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→2)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→4)]-α-l-arabinopyranoside). Chromatographic analysis using GC-MS of the silylated methanolic extracts from the leaves and roots of these species identified the presence of carboxylic acids, such as benzoic, caffeic, malic, and succinic acids. The extracts from Pulsatilla species were tested for their antifungal, antimicrobial, and antimalarial activities, and cytotoxicity to mammalian cell lines. Both P. patens subsp. patens and P. vulgaris subsp. vulgaris were active against the fungus Candida glabrata with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 9.37 μg/mL and 11 μg/mL, respectively. The IC50 values for cytotoxicity evaluation were in the range of 32–38 μg/mL for P. patens subsp. patens and 35–57 μg/mL for P. vulgaris subsp. vulgaris for each cell line, indicating general cytotoxic activity throughout the panel of evaluated cancer and noncancer cells.
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摘要 :
Determining seed longevity and optimum storage conditions is essential for long-term seed storage. However, the longevity and optimal storage conditions of Pulsatilla dahurica are unknown. Here, P. dahurica seeds collected in Kore...
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Determining seed longevity and optimum storage conditions is essential for long-term seed storage. However, the longevity and optimal storage conditions of Pulsatilla dahurica are unknown. Here, P. dahurica seeds collected in Korea were stored under dry conditions at -20 degrees C, 4 degrees C, and 25 degrees C immediately after collection. After 1, 2, 3, 6, and 12 months, the viability and germinability were measured. After 12 months, the seeds were subjected to saturated salt accelerated aging (SSAA) for additional aging, and the viability and germinability according to the storage temperature were confirmed. P. dahurica seeds did not lose viability or germinability, even after storage for 12 months at all temperatures; rather the germination index increased, resulting in fast and uniform germination. Differences in aging for storage at the three temperatures, which were not observed during actual storage, were identified using SSAA. Seeds stored at 25 degrees C showed the lowest germinability and viability after accelerated aging. Notably, seeds stored at 4 degrees C showed the highest germinability with a slower deterioration rate compared to those stored at -20 degrees C. Collectively, P. dahurica seeds maintained germinability without a reduction in longevity at a wide temperature range during shortterm storage (收起
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